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6 results for “wetland loss”
Global wetland loss reconstruction over 1700-2020
<p>This repository contains three datasets resulting from the reconstruction of global wetland loss over 1700-2020. The three datasets are listed here and described in more detail below:</p> <ul> <li><strong>A.</strong> National and subnational statistics of drained or converted areas</li> <li><strong>B.</strong> Regional wetland percentage loss estimates and geospatial polygons</li> <li><strong>C.</strong> Gridded reconstruction</li> </ul> <p>The scripts used to process input data, model and calibrate the wetland loss reconstruction, and produce the figures are publicly available at https://github.com/etiennefluetchouinard/wetland-loss-reconstruction.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>A. National and subnational statistics of drained or converted areas</strong></p> <p>This tabular database containing national and subnational statistics of wetland area drained and peat mass extracted. The database includes four land use types: cropland, forestry, peat extraction and wetland cultivation. These data are used as input to the mapped wetland loss reconstruction. Column descriptions of drainage_db_v10.csv:</p> <ol> <li><strong>unit:</strong> Scale of administrative unit ("national" or "subnational").</li> <li><strong>type:</strong> Land use type ("Cropland", "Forestry", "Peat Extraction" or "Wetland Cultivation")</li> <li><strong>iso_a3:</strong> 3-letter code of each country.</li> <li><strong>region:</strong> Name of subnational unit. Blank if data is national scale.</li> <li><strong>HASC_1:</strong> Hierarchical Administrative Subdivisions Codes for the subnational units. Blank if data is national scale.</li> <li><strong>year:</strong> Year of data.</li> <li><strong>drained_area_1000ha:</strong> Cumulative area drained by the year specified, in thousands of hectares.</li> <li><strong>drained_weight_1000tonsyr:</strong> Annual peat extraction rate for the year, in thousand tons per year.</li> <li><strong>peatland_only:</strong> Label indicating whether the drained area applies to all wetlands or peatlands specifically ("Peatland only" or blank).</li> <li><strong>Comment:</strong> Additional description from original data source, or unit conversion, or data corrections.</li> <li><strong>Source:</strong> Reference of data source and/or compilers.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>B. Regional wetland percentage loss estimates and geospatial polygons</strong></p> <p>A shapefile of 151 polygons projected in WGS84. Columns description for polygon shapefile of the regional wetland loss percentage: regional_loss_poly.shp:</p> <ol> <li><strong>id:</strong> Numerical identifier.</li> <li><strong>name:</strong> Name of administrative unit, region or water feature the polygon area covers.</li> <li><strong>country:</strong> Name of country.</li> <li><strong>continent:</strong> Name of continent.</li> <li><strong>wet_categ:</strong> Broad category of wetlands included in the estimate (“<em>Peatlands</em>”, “<em>Inland natural wetlands</em>”, “<em>Coastal natural wetlands</em>”, “<em>Unspecified natural type(s)</em>” or “<em>All wetlands</em>”).</li> <li><strong>yr_start:</strong> Start year of the period over which wetland loss is estimated.</li> <li><strong>yr_end:</strong> End year of the period over which wetland loss is estimated.</li> <li><strong>area_mkm2:</strong> Surface area of the polygon, in million square kilometers (Mkm<sup>2</sup>).</li> <li><strong>perc_loss:</strong> Numerical value of percentage wetland loss (positive value represent loss of wetland area between start and end year.</li> <li><strong>comment:</strong> Additional description of estimate used or estimation method.</li> <li><strong>source:</strong> Citation of original data source.</li> <li><strong>compiler: </strong>Citation of intermediary data compiler.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>C. Gridded reconstruction</strong></p> <p>Gridded outputs are stored in a separate NetCDF file for each of the 12 reconstructions of simulated wetland and present-day wetland maps. An ensemble average was also computed from the 12 reconstructions (only individual reconstructions were discussed in the manuscript). These data consist of global maps generated from the drainage reconstruction methodology for 33 decadal intervals (1700-2020 inclusive) for 9 variables:</p> <p>The filenames of ensemble members are labelled to with the name of the input present-day and simulated wetland maps:</p> <p> “<em>wetland_loss_1700-2020_</em>” + simulated input + “_” + present-day input + “<em>_v10.nc</em>”</p> <p>The 4 simulated wetland map inputs are: LPJwsl, SDGVM, ORCHIDEE, DLEM. The 3 present-day wetland map inputs are: GIEMSv2, GLWD3, WAD2M.</p> <p>Description of the 9 variables in each NCDF file:</p> <ol> <li><strong>wetland_loss:</strong> Cumulative wetland area lost (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell). This variable is equivalent to the sum of area drained for the seven land uses drained</li> <li><strong>nat_wetland:</strong> Remaining natural wetland area (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell)</li> <li><strong>cropland:</strong> Cropland area drained (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell) leading to wetland loss</li> <li><strong>forestry:</strong> Forestry area drained (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell) leading to wetland loss</li> <li><strong>peatextr:</strong> Peat harvest area drained (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell) leading to wetland loss</li> <li><strong>wetcultiv:</strong> Wetland cultivation area (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell) leading to wetland loss</li> <li><strong>ir_rice:</strong> Irrigated rice area leading to wetland loss (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell)</li> <li><strong>pasture:</strong> Pasture area drained leading to wetland loss (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell)</li> <li><strong>urban:</strong> Urban area drained leading to wetland loss (km<sup>2</sup> per grid cell)</li> </ol> <p>All layers were capped below the land pixel area grid (from HYDE 3.2, excl. open water).</p> <p><strong>Time:</strong> 33 slices; numerical years spread at decadal intervals, ranging between 1700-2020 (inclusive)</p> <p><strong>Extent:</strong> Longitude: -180° to 180°. Latitude: -56° to 84°.</p> <p> </p> <p>See the README file for a more detailed description of this dataset. Anyone wishing to use this dataset should cite <em>Fluet-Chouinard et al. 2023</em>. Please contact Etienne Fluet-Chouinard at <a href="mailto:etienne.fluet@gmail.com">etienne.fluet@gmail.com</a> with any questions or comments with regards to the best usage of our dataset.</p> <p>Fluet-Chouinard E., Stocker B., Zhang Z., Malhotra A., Melton J.R., Poulter B., Kaplan J., Goldewijk K.K., Siebert S., Minayeva T., Hugelius G., Prigent C., Aires F., Hoyt A., Davidson N., Finlayson C.M., Lehner B., Jackson R.B., McIntyre P.B. <em>Nature</em>. Extensive global wetland loss over the last three centuries</p>
The Salinity and phosphorus mesocosm experiment in freshwater sawgrass wetlands: Determining the trajectory and capacity of freshwater wetland ecosystems to recover carbon losses from saltwater intrusion (FCE LTER), Florida, USA from 2015 to 2018
In experimental wetland mesocosms located at Florida Bay Interagency Science Center, Key Largo, Florida, researchers continuously added salinity (approximately 6.9 g salt d-1) and phosphorus ( approximately 0.5 mg P d-1) to Cladium jamaicense peat monoliths from February 2015 to February 2017 and quantified changes in carbon partitioning. Several studies, focusing on the functional roles of marsh, soil, periphyton and microbe in the sawgrass-peat ecosystem, summarized detailed methodology and results (Wilson et al. 2019; Servais et al. 2019; Mazzei et al. in press). Briefly, salinity was increased (~10 ppt) and phosphorus was added (0.45 mg P d-1) to simulate four treatment effects (n = 24 plots): i) freshwater and no-added phosphorus, ii) freshwater and added phosphorus, iii) saltwater and no-added phosphorus, and iv) saltwater and added phosphorus. Upon the termination of manipulation study (early February 2017), containers holding water and peat-sawgrass cores were drained, rinsed, and refilled with only freshwater without any added nutrient and salt. Then, we experimentally restored freshwater to previous treatment and control mesocosms from February 2017 to June 2018 to examine the capacity of wetland ecosystems to recover carbon losses from saltwater intrusion. Note that FCE1226_Water_quality.csv summarizes water quality during both the manipulation and restoration study; however, all other files in the Dataset Title section only summarize results from the restoration study. Detailed methodology is provided below.
Database for Wetland area loss in Iran - status, trends, and understanding climate-wetland interactions
<p>Wetlands have vital roles for biodiversity and ecosystem services to human societies, but wetland area is declining around the globe, including in Iran, which spans several climate zones (arid, semi-arid, dry, humid, humid) and has experienced large hydrological changes in recent decades. To facilitate the examination of wetland-climate change interactions, this study develops a new dataset for 136 natural wetland sites across Iran and its climate zones. The dataset includes physical characteristics, and societal sector uses of the wetlands, along with the wetland and climate changes that have occurred at each wetland site over 1992-2020. Application of the dataset to understanding the possible climate change role in driving wetland decline reveals that the area of Iranian wetlands has decreased by -36% over the country, by -61% and -50% in arid and semi-arid zones, respectively. At the scale of the whole country, the wetland decline is overall consistent with the climate change directions of temperature (warming) and precipitation (mainly decreasing). This dataset is a useful tool for further research to resolve main climatic and non-climatic driver-impact relationships for integrated catchment-wetland systems.</p> <p>The database is provided in an Excel (xsls) file, comprising and organized 30cloumns as follows:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Title</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p><strong>Title</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>ID</p> </td> <td> <p>Wetland ID number (as shown in Fig.1)</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Perimeter</p> </td> <td> <p>Maximum perimeter length of wetland (km)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Name (in Persian)</p> </td> <td> <p>Name of wetland in Persian</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Depth</p> </td> <td> <p>Maximum possible depth of wetland (m)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Name</p> </td> <td> <p>Name of wetland in English</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Regime</p> </td> <td> <p>Permanent, seasonal</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Ramsar</p> </td> <td> <p>1=If wetland is on Ramsar Convention list,</p> <p>0=If wetland is not on Ramsar Convention list.</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>ΔA<sub>loc</sub></p> </td> <td> <p>Area change (km<sup>2</sup>)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>X</p> </td> <td> <p>Longitude of wetland center</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Type (size)</p> </td> <td> <p>Classification of wetland size</p> <p> based on area:</p> <p>small (<250 km<sup>2</sup>);</p> <p>medium (250-800 km<sup>2</sup>);</p> <p>large (>800 km<sup>2</sup>)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Y</p> </td> <td> <p>Latitude of wetland center</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Saline /Fresh</p> </td> <td> <p>1= Saline water 0=Freshwater</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>T</p> </td> <td> <p>Long-term temperature average for wetland site (°C)</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p> Wetland water</p> <p>Sector usage</p> </td> <td> <p>Tourism</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>ΔT<sub>loc</sub></p> </td> <td> <p>Change in average temperature (ΔT) at wetland site (°C)</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Agricultural</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>P<sub>loc</sub></p> </td> <td> <p>Long term precipitation average for wetland (mm/yr)</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Fishery</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>ΔP<sub>loc</sub></p> </td> <td> <p>Change in average precipitation (ΔP) at wetland site (mm/yr)</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Water supply</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>PET</p> </td> <td> <p>Potential evapotranspiration (mm/yr),</p> <p>calculated as: PET = 325+21×T+0.9×T<sup>2</sup></p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Other</p> </td> <td> <p>Other water usage</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Aridity</p> </td> <td> <p>Long-term aridity index, calculated as: Aridity = P/PET</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Input water</p> <p>source</p> </td> <td> <p>River</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Climate zone</p> </td> <td> <p>Climate zone based on UNEP: arid (A.) if Aridity index 0.03 to <0.2;</p> <p>semi-arid (Sa.) if Aridity index 0.2 to <0.5;</p> <p>dry sub-humid (Dh.) if Aridity index 0.5 to <0.65;</p> <p>humid if the Aridity index >0.65</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Spring</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Precipitation</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Elevation</p> </td> <td> <p>Elevation (m above sea level) of wetland site</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Water output</p> </td> <td> <p>Out-River</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Area</p> </td> <td> <p>Maximum area of wetland (km<sup>2</sup>)</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>Evaporation</p> </td> <td> <p>1= If applicable, 0= If not</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Relationship of dredged canals and wetland loss in Louisiana
<p>The direct effects of converting wetlands to open water by dredging can be magnified by indirect effects. For example, the dredged canal allows for recovery of mineral fluids 1000s of m belowground which may induce geological subsidence or faulting; dredged material deposited at the surface to form continuous levees may create hydrologic stressors on the wetland plants resulting in a conversion to open water habitat as a result of both soil waterlogging and drying, less organic matter and sediment accumulation, or greater erosion. We quantified indirect effects by demonstrating a robust dose-response relationship between coastal land loss and dredging canals in the Mississippi and Niger river deltas over 60 years. Importantly, the ratio of land loss to canal area increases with time – a legacy effect. We also found that flood protection levees on the main channel did not magnify the effect of dredging on wetland loss by inhibiting sediment flow into adjacent wetlands along its banks.</p>
Relationship of dredged canals and wetland loss in Louisiana
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Data from: Sea-level rise causes feeding habitat loss for migratory shorebirds in remote coastal wetlands of Brazilian Amazon.
<p>Data supporting the results in "Sea-level rise causes feeding habitat loss for migratory shorebirds in remote coastal wetlands of Brazilian Amazon."</p> <p> </p>
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