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20 results for “windfarm”
Reference Windfarm database CNk4 90
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a conventionally neutral boundary layer flow with 90 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename CNk4 90)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Reference Windfarm database CNk2 30
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a conventionally neutral boundary layer flow with 30 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename CNk2 30)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Reference Windfarm database CNk4 30
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a conventionally neutral boundary layer flow with 30 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename CNk4 30)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Reference Windfarm database PDk 30
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a pressure-driven high Reynolds number boundary layer flow with 30 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename PDk 30)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Reference Windfarm database PDk 0
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a pressure-driven high Reynolds number boundary layer flow with 0 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename PDk 0)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Reference Windfarm database CNk8 0
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a conventionally neutral boundary layer flow with 0 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename CNk8 0)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Reference Windfarm database CNk2 60
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a conventionally neutral boundary layer flow with 60 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename CNk2 60)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Balancing risks of injury and disturbance to marine mammals when pile driving at offshore windfarms
<p>1. Offshore windfarms require construction procedures that minimise impacts on protected marine mammals. Uncertainty over the efficacy of existing guidelines for mitigating near-field injury when pile-driving recently resulted in the development of alternative measures, which integrated the routine deployment of acoustic deterrent devices (ADD) into engineering installation procedures without prior monitoring by Marine Mammal Observers.</p> <p>2. We conducted research around the installation of jacket foundations at the UK's first deep-water offshore windfarm to address data gaps identified by regulators when consenting this new approach. Specifically, we aimed to a) measure the relationship between noise levels and hammer energy to inform assessments of near-field injury zones, b) assess the efficacy of ADDs to disperse harbour porpoises from these zones.</p> <p>3. Distance from source had the biggest influence on received noise levels but, unexpectedly, received levels at any given distance were highest at low hammer energies. Modelling highlighted that this was because noise from pin pile installations was dominated by the strong negative relationship with pile penetration depth with only a weak positive relationship with hammer energy.</p> <p>4. Acoustic detections of porpoises along a gradient of ADD exposure decreased in the 3-hours following a 15-minute ADD playback, with a 50% probability of response within 21.7 km. The minimum time to the first porpoise detection after playbacks was > 2 hours for sites within 1 km of the playback.</p> <p>5. Our data suggest that the current regulatory focus on maximum hammer energies needs review, and future assessments of noise exposure should also consider foundation type. Despite higher piling noise levels than predicted, responses to ADD playback suggest mitigation was sufficiently conservative. Conversely, strong responses of porpoises to ADDs resulted in far-field disturbance beyond that required to mitigate injury. We recommend that risks to marine mammals can be further minimised by: 1) optimising ADD source signals and/or deployment schedules to minimise broad-scale disturbance; 2) minimising initial hammer energies when received noise levels were highest; 3) extending the initial phase of soft start with minimum hammer energies and low blow rates.Minhyuk Seo</p>
Balancing risks of injury and disturbance to marine mammals when pile driving at offshore windfarms
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Directional hydrophone clusters reveal evasive responses of small cetaceans to disturbance at offshore windfarms
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Data from: Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones
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Reference Windfarm database PDk 90
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a pressure-driven high Reynolds number boundary layer flow with 90 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename PDk 90)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Reference Windfarm database PDkhi 0
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a pressure-driven high Reynolds number boundary layer flow with 0 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename PDkhi 0)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Reference Windfarm database CNk8 90
<p>Dataset for TotalControl reference windfarm database simulation of a conventionally neutral boundary layer flow with 90 degree inflow wind direction angle (Casename CNk8 90)</p> <p>Included Python files for loading and visualizing the data. Use the plot_*.py files.</p> <p>Further information, including description of the case and dataset can be found in the deliverable report at: </p> <p><a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727680/results</a></p> <p>"Database for reference wind farms part 2: windfarm simulations"</p>
Data from: Avoidance of windfarms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities
As part of global efforts to reduce dependence on carbon-based energy sources there has been a rapid increase in the installation of renewable energy devices. The installation and operation of these devices can result in conflicts with wildlife. In the marine environment, mammals may avoid wind farms that are under construction or operating. Such avoidance may lead to more time spent travelling or displacement from key habitats. A paucity of data on at-sea movements of marine mammals around wind farms limits our understanding of the nature of their potential impacts. Here, we present the results of a telemetry study on harbour seals Phoca vitulina in The Wash, south-east England, an area where wind farms are being constructed using impact pile driving. We investigated whether seals avoid wind farms during operation, construction in its entirety, or during piling activity. The study was carried out using historical telemetry data collected prior to any wind farm development and telemetry data collected in 2012 during the construction of one wind farm and the operation of another. Within an operational wind farm, there was a close-to-significant increase in seal usage compared to prior to wind farm development. However, the wind farm was at the edge of a large area of increased usage, so the presence of the wind farm was unlikely to be the cause. There was no significant displacement during construction as a whole. However, during piling, seal usage (abundance) was significantly reduced up to 25 km from the piling activity; within 25 km of the centre of the wind farm, there was a 19 to 83% (95% confidence intervals) decrease in usage compared to during breaks in piling, equating to a mean estimated displacement of 440 individuals. This amounts to significant displacement starting from predicted received levels of between 166 and 178 dB re 1 μPa(p-p). Displacement was limited to piling activity; within 2 h of cessation of pile driving, seals were distributed as per the non-piling scenario. Synthesis and applications. Our spatial and temporal quantification of avoidance of wind farms by harbour seals is critical to reduce uncertainty and increase robustness in environmental impact assessments of future developments. Specifically, the results will allow policymakers to produce industry guidance on the likelihood of displacement of seals in response to pile driving; the relationship between sound levels and avoidance rates; and the duration of any avoidance, thus allowing far more accurate environmental assessments to be carried out during the consenting process. Further, our results can be used to inform mitigation strategies in terms of both the sound levels likely to cause displacement and what temporal patterns of piling would minimize the magnitude of the energetic impacts of displacement.
Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction
<p>Offshore windfarm developments are expanding, requiring assessment and mitigation of impacts on protected species. Typically, assessments of impacts on marine mammals have focussed on pile-driving, as intense impulsive noise elicits adverse behavioural responses. However, other construction activities such as jacket and turbine installation also change acoustic habitats through increased vessel activity. To date, the contribution of construction-related vessel activity in shaping marine mammal behavioural responses at windfarm construction sites has been overlooked and no guidelines or mitigation measures have been implemented.</p> <p>We compared broad-scale spatio-temporal variation in harbour porpoise occurrence and foraging activity between baseline periods and different construction phases at two Scottish offshore windfarms. Following a Before-After Control-Impact design, arrays of echolocation click detectors (CPODs) were deployed in 25 km by 25 km impact and reference blocks throughout the 2017-2019 construction. Echolocation clicks and buzzes were used to investigate porpoise occurrence and foraging activity respectively. In parallel, we characterised broadband noise levels using calibrated noise recorders (SoundTraps and SM2Ms) and vessel activities using AIS data integrated with engineering records. Following an impact gradient design, we then quantified the magnitude of porpoise responses in relation to changes in the acoustic environment and vessel activity.</p> <p>Compared to baseline, an 8-17% decline in porpoise occurrence was observed in the impact block during pile-driving and other construction activities. The probability of detecting porpoises and buzzing activity was positively related to the distance from vessel and construction activities, and negatively related to levels of vessel intensity and background noise. Porpoise displacement was observed at up to 12 km from pile-driving activities and up to 4 km from construction vessels. This evidence of broad-scale behavioural responses of harbour porpoises to these different construction activities highlights the importance of assessing and managing all vessel activities at offshore windfarm sites to minimise potential impacts of anthropogenic noise.</p>
Data from: Avoidance of windfarms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities
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Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction
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Data from: Genetic diversity in migratory bats: results from RADseq data for three tree bat species at an Ohio windfarm
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ResearchData_FutureResourceUncertainty_GCMs_and_windfarms
<p>Research data including:</p> <ol> <li>CMIP6 wind speeds and wind direction for 1985-2014 and projections for 2025-2054. <ul> <li>domain: North Sea</li> <li>height: 100 m MSL</li> <li>frequency: 6 hours</li> <li># GCMs: 12</li> </ul> </li> <li>North Sea Wind farm layout projection for 2030</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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