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14 results for “wing loading.”
Data for: An invasive ant increases deformed wing virus loads in honey bees
<p>The majority of invasive species are best known for their effects as predators. However, many introduced predators may also be substantial reservoirs for pathogens. Honey bee-associated viruses are found in various arthropod species including invasive ants. We examined how the globally invasive Argentine ant (<em>Linepithema humile</em>), which can reach high densities and infest beehives, is associated with pathogen dynamics in honey bees. Viral loads of Deformed wing virus (DWV), which has been linked to millions of beehive deaths around the globe, and black queen cell virus significantly increased in bees when invasive ants were present. Microsporidian and trypanosomatid infections, which are more bee-specific, were not affected by ant invasion. The bee virome in autumn revealed that DWV was the predominant virus with the highest infection levels and that no ant-associated viruses were infecting bees. Viral spillback from ants could increase infections in bees. In addition, ant attacks could pose a significant stressor to bee colonies that may affect virus susceptibility. These viral dynamics are a hidden effects of ant pests, which could have a significant impact on disease emergence in an economically important pollinator. Our study contributes to unravel a perhaps overlooked effect of species invasions: changes in pathogen dynamics.</p>
Data for: An invasive ant increases deformed wing virus loads in honey bees
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Fig. 4 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane
Fig. 4. Parameter estimates for fixed effects (β) in spatial mixed effects models (spaMM) for each species, with 95% CIs, testing the effects of Elevation (scaled), AMT (scaled), and Elevation * AMT interaction on traits; Asterisk indicates the CIs did not encompass zero. If no estimate is shown that variable was not included in the model for that species. Maps show spatial trends of trait value from interpolation of estimates for each model (filled.mapMM function in spaMM). Note, for B. vosnesenskii mass and pw-Empty, the low-AIC models were intercept plus random effect only, but for visualization, results are presented for the next best model with at least one fixed effect (seeTable 2 for model details).
Fig. 3 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane
Fig. 3. Effect predictions (with 95% CI) of mass (field and empty), thorax size (ITS), forewing area, and transformed wing loading (pw-Field, pw-Empty) against (A) latitude, (B) AMT (Worldclim BIO1 variable), and (C) elevation from univariate linear mixed effects models for B. vancouverensis (blue) and B. vosnesenskii (red). Statistical analyses were conducted on log-transformed mass, ITS, and wing loading (see SuppTable S4 [online only]), but responses were back-transformed to the original scale for plotting (plot_model function in sjPlot). Lines are labeled with significance estimate of the β parameter estimated from lmerTest (*P <0.05; ***P <0.001; unlabeled = not significant, CI encompasses zero).
Fig. 1 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane
Fig. 1. Map of sampling localities in California, Oregon, and Washington, United States.Bombus vancouverensis is indicated by circles,B. vosnesenskii by triangles, and additional B. vosnesenskii from 2013 used to improve elevational coverage at middle latitudes for some traits by open triangles. Grayscale shading reflects a digital elevation model for the region.
Fig. 5 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane
Fig. 5. Relationships among space, population structure (FST), and average mass and wing loading (pw) differences among pair of populations for (A) B. vancouverensis and (B) B. vosnesenskii. Panels include plots of isolation by distance (FST by geographic distance), effects of population structure on mass, and the effects of elevation on mass and pw residuals from models including FST and geographic distance.The latter panels are included to illustrate the remaining positive effect of elevational separation on wing loading differences among B. vancouverensis populations after accounting for space and population structure, but not for B. vosnesenskii populations and not for mass in either species (seeTable 3 and Supp Fig. S6 [online only]).
Fig. 2 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane
Fig. 2. Boxplots (shown for site means) and tests of differences between species in overall field mass (A), empty mass (B), ITS (C), forewing area (D), pw-Field (E), and pw-Empty (F). Statistical tests are summaries taken from linear mixed models (full report and parameter estimates in Supp Table S1 [online only]), showing marginal (R 2) and conditional (R 2) R2 values and with df for the species effect t statistic and P-values (***P <0.001; N.S. = not significant) associated with the M C relevant fixed effect estimated using lmertest. Mass, ITS, and pw values were log-transformed for statistical tests but plotted untransformed. Panels G–L show scatterplots of correlations among several traits for each bee and are presented with Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and 95% CIs (see SuppTables 2 and 3 [online only] and Supp Figs. S2–S4 [online only] for additional trait correlation statistical details).
Figure 6 from: Starr CK, Jacobson RS, Krispyn JW, Spiers JA (2021) Caste and wing loading in a social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Dolichovespula maculata). In: Proshchalykin MYu, Gokhman VE (Eds) Hymenoptera studies through space and time: A collection of papers dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Arkady S. Lelej. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 381-390. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68800
Figure 6 Hind-tibia length as a function of A dry weight and B mesoscutum length in Dolichovespula maculata females.
Figure 5 from: Starr CK, Jacobson RS, Krispyn JW, Spiers JA (2021) Caste and wing loading in a social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Dolichovespula maculata). In: Proshchalykin MYu, Gokhman VE (Eds) Hymenoptera studies through space and time: A collection of papers dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Arkady S. Lelej. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 381-390. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68800
Figure 5 Forewing length as a function of A dry weight and B mesoscutum length in Dolichovespula maculata females.
Figure 3 from: Starr CK, Jacobson RS, Krispyn JW, Spiers JA (2021) Caste and wing loading in a social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Dolichovespula maculata). In: Proshchalykin MYu, Gokhman VE (Eds) Hymenoptera studies through space and time: A collection of papers dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Arkady S. Lelej. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 381-390. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68800
Figure 3 Linear measures of limbs in Dolichovespula maculataa forewing length from base of the costal vein to tip of the wing b length of first discal cell c maximum forewing width d length of fore-tibia.
Figure 7 from: Starr CK, Jacobson RS, Krispyn JW, Spiers JA (2021) Caste and wing loading in a social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Dolichovespula maculata). In: Proshchalykin MYu, Gokhman VE (Eds) Hymenoptera studies through space and time: A collection of papers dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Arkady S. Lelej. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 381-390. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68800
Figure 7 Wing loading according to body size in Dolichovespula maculata females.
Figure 4 from: Starr CK, Jacobson RS, Krispyn JW, Spiers JA (2021) Caste and wing loading in a social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Dolichovespula maculata). In: Proshchalykin MYu, Gokhman VE (Eds) Hymenoptera studies through space and time: A collection of papers dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Arkady S. Lelej. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 381-390. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68800
Figure 4 Mesoscutum length as a function of dry weight in Dolichovespula maculata females.
Figure 1 from: Starr CK, Jacobson RS, Krispyn JW, Spiers JA (2021) Caste and wing loading in a social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Dolichovespula maculata). In: Proshchalykin MYu, Gokhman VE (Eds) Hymenoptera studies through space and time: A collection of papers dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Arkady S. Lelej. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 381-390. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68800
Figure 1 Dolichovespula maculata adult female. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Figure 2 from: Starr CK, Jacobson RS, Krispyn JW, Spiers JA (2021) Caste and wing loading in a social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Dolichovespula maculata). In: Proshchalykin MYu, Gokhman VE (Eds) Hymenoptera studies through space and time: A collection of papers dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Arkady S. Lelej. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 381-390. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68800
Figure 2 Cross-section of a mature nest of Dolichovespula maculata. Source: BugGuide.net.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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