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27 results for “winter range”
Data from: Integrating tracking and resight data enables unbiased inferences about migratory connectivity and winter range survival from archival tags
<p>Archival geolocators have transformed the study of small, migratory organisms but analysis of data from these devices requires bias correction because tags are only recovered from individuals that survive and are re-captured at their tagging location. Data and code provided in this repository can be used to replicate the simulation and Painted Bunting case study results presented by Rushing et al. (2021) showing that integrating geolocator recovery data and mark–resight data enables unbiased estimates of both migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding populations and region-specific survival probabilities for wintering locations.</p>
Low winter temperatures and divergent freezing resistance set the cold range limit of widespread alpine graminoids
<p><span>Aim:</span><span> "Where and why does a species exist" is a fundamental question in ecology. However, the actual range limits of alpine plant species are largely unexplored and unexplained. We aim at identifying the low temperature range limits of the two most abundant alpine graminoid species on acidic soils that intermingle in mosaics of high-elevation habitats across the European Alps.</span></p> <p><span>Location:</span><span> Alpine grasslands in the Swiss Alps.</span></p> <p><span>Taxon:</span><span> Carex curvula (Cyperaceae) and Nardus stricta (Poaceae), named by the genus name hereafter.</span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> Carex </span><span>and Nardus clearly segregated across different microsites. Season length, growing degree hours and soil chemistry (pH, C/N-ratio, phosphorus) did not demarcate the two species' ranges, while their distribution was strongly affected by soil minimum temperature in winter. Carex occurred at sites with and without protecting snow cover and resisted low soil temperatures (-13 °C). Nardus was absent at microsites with snow cover duration less than 5 months and soil minimum temperatures below -5 °C. During the growing season, leaves of Carex had a higher freezing resistance with LT50 of -16.1 °C than those of Nardus with LT50 of -13.3 °C (LT50: lethal temperature for 50% of the tissue). Tetrazolium staining in shoots also revealed a higher freezing resistance in Carex compared to Nardus, and shoot apices tolerated lowest temperatures: Carex -30 °C, Nardus -24 °C. Though, a vital shoot apex alone did not ensure regrowth after winter. Regrowth after severe frost events requires intact vessels and roots, all less freezing tolerant than apical meristems and young leaves.</span></p> <p><span>Main conclusions:</span><span> The cold range limits of these widespread alpine graminoid species are evidently set by thermal extremes in winter. Microtopography, thus snow distribution pattern, in concert with the species' freezing resistance explains the cold edge of the fundamental niche of these two species.</span></p>
Figure 1 in Movement and home range of cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus during the wintering and summering periods in East Asia
Figure 1. Migration route of cinereous vultures (a) VK 1501, (b) VK 1502, (c) VK 1503, (d) VK 1504, (e) VK 1505, (f) VK 1506, (g) VK 1507, and (h) total birds tracked using the GPS-WCDMA-based transmitter in East Asia from January 2015 to March 2017.
Data from: A range-expanding butterfly is susceptible to cold and long winters but shows no signs of local adaptation to winter conditions
<p>Numerous species shift or expand their ranges polewards in response to climate change. Even when expanding species follow their climatic niches, expanding range margin populations are likely to face unfamiliar environmental conditions and thus natural selection for local adaptation.</p> <p>The wall brown butterfly (<em>Lasiommata megera</em>) has expanded northwards in Sweden in the years 2000–2020, most likely as a result of climate change, and has previously been shown to have evolved local adaptations to northern daylength conditions. This evolution has occurred despite hypothesised genetic constraints to adaptation at range margins.</p> <p>We studied local adaptation to winter conditions in four of the previously-studied <em>L. megera</em> populations, using a common garden laboratory experiment with a warm and short, an intermediate, and a cold and long winter treatment. We compared the winter and post-winter survival of caterpillars from two southern core range and two northern range margin populations in Sweden.</p> <p>During the experiment, we measured metabolic rates of a subset of diapausing caterpillars to test whether populations differ in metabolic suppression during diapause. Further, we measured supercooling points, which reflect lower lethal temperature in <em>L. megera</em>, of the same subset of caterpillars. We also compared supercooling points between <em>L. megera</em> and three closely related species with more northern distributions.</p> <p>Few individuals survived the coldest treatment all the way to successful adult emergence, so <em>L. megera</em> seems susceptible to cold winters. Individuals of northern descent did not survive cold winters any better than individuals from southern populations. Similarly, there were no signs of local adaptation in metabolic rates or supercooling points. The comparison among species did not reveal any clear relationship between geographical distribution and supercooling point.</p> <p>Although northern winters probably exert strong selection on <em>L. megera</em>, we provide comprehensive evidence for the lack of local adaptation to winter conditions. This contrasts with the previous finding of quickly-evolved local adaptation in diapause timing, highlighting the need to consider how traits associated with different seasons differ in how they may evolve and facilitate climate change-induced range expansions.</p>
Data from: Integrating tracking and resight data enables unbiased inferences about migratory connectivity and winter range survival from archival tags
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Data from: A range-expanding butterfly is susceptible to cold and long winters but shows no signs of local adaptation to winter conditions
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Low winter temperatures and divergent freezing resistance set the cold range limit of widespread alpine graminoids
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Survey of winter bird communities and vegetation in the Oregon Coast Range
<p>We re-surveyed forest bird communities during winter in seven large plots originally surveyed by graduate student, Stanley Anderson, from 1968 through 1970, near Corvallis, Oregon, USA. The forests in plots in the Coast Range Mountain foothills were and are currently dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Anderson's thesis included plot locations, summaries of vegetation characteristics and point estimates of bird densities for each plot. Because of the lack of similar data, we re-surveyed his plots after aligning methods with his and added modern components (distance and time interval sampling) to facilitate comparisons of changes in abundances. We preserved more extensive metadata than were preserved from Anderson's surveys, including georeferenced point count survey locations to facilitate more precisely repeatable future re-surveys. We also measured vegetation characteristics to compare structural changes since Anderson's measurements.</p>
Winter range shifts and their associations with species traits are heterogeneous in eastern North American birds
<p>Many species' distributions are shifting in response to climate change. Many distributional shifts are predictably poleward or higher in elevation, but heterogeneity in the rate and direction of shifts both within and between species appears to be common. We found high heterogeneity in the trajectory of winter range shifts for 65 species of birds across eastern North America and in the different traits and trait interactions associated with these shifts across the spatial scales we examined. We used data from the Christmas Bird Count to quantify the trajectory of winter latitudinal center of abundance range shifts over four decades (1980–2019) for 65 species of songbirds and woodpeckers in North America, both across eastern North America (ENA) as a whole and for the Atlantic (ATL) and Mississippi (MISS) flyways separately. We then used linear models and AICc model selection to test whether species traits could explain variation in range shifts or flyway discrepancies. Across ENA, most species showed northward latitudinal range shifts, but some showed no latitudinal shift while others shifted southwards. Amongst ATL and MISS, we documented both within- and between-species differences in the rate and direction of latitudinal shifts, complicating the results from across ENA. No single trait emerged as a dominant driver of range shift differences at the ENA and flyway scales. Migration strategy interacted with insectivory to explain variation at the largest spatial scale (ENA), whereas frugivory and mean winter latitude explained much of the variation in ATL and MISS, respectively. Exploring heterogeneity in range shifts within and between species, and in the associations between range shifts and life history traits, will help us better understand the mechanisms that mediate differing responses to environmental change and predict which species will be better able to adapt to those changes. </p>
Winter range shifts and their associations with species traits are heterogeneous in eastern North American birds
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Data from: Atypical winter coat coloration of snowshoe hares near the southern extent of their range
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Survey of winter bird communities and vegetation in the Oregon Coast Range
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Data from: Northwest range shifts and shorter wintering period of an Arctic seabird in response to four decades of changing ocean climate
<p>Climate change is altering the marine environment at a global scale, with some of the most dramatic changes occurring in Arctic regions. These changes may affect the distribution and migration patterns of marine species throughout the annual cycle. Species distribution models have provided detailed understanding of the responses of terrestrial species to climate changes, often based on observational data; biologging offers the opportunity to extend those models to migratory marine species that occur in marine environments where direct observation is difficult. We used species distribution modelling and tracking data to model past changes in the non-breeding distribution of thick-billed murres <em>Uria lomvia</em> from a colony in Hudson Bay, Canada, between 1982 and 2019. The predicted distribution of murres shifted during fall and winter.</p> <p>The largest shifts have occurred for fall migration, with range shits of 211 km west and 50 km north per decade, compared with a 29 km shift west per decade in winter. Regions of range expansions had larger declines in sea ice cover, smaller increases in sea surface temperature, and larger increases in air temperature than regions where the range was stable or declining. Murres migrate in and out of Hudson Bay as ice forms each fall and melts each spring. Habitat in Hudson Bay has become available later into the fall and earlier in the spring, such that habitat in Hudson Bay was available for 21 d longer in 2019 than in 1982. Clearly, marine climate is altering the distribution and annual cycle of migratory marine species that occur in areas with seasonal ice cover.</p>
Data from: A pioneering pest: the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) is expanding its outbreak range into low-arctic shrub tundra
<p>Climate warming allows generalist boreal consumers to expand into arctic ecosystems. We present experimental and observational field data showing that a generalist boreal insect pest – the winter moth (<i>Operophtera brumata</i> Linnaeus, 1758) – is expanding its outbreak range out of the northern-boreal mountain birch forest in northeast Fennoscandia and into the adjacent low-artic shrub tundra. This is the first documented example of an outbreaking boreal insect pest expanding into a tundra ecosystem. The expansion has coincided with a long-term advancing trend in the expected hatching date of moth eggs in spring for the study region. We show that the winter moth can complete development on low-arctic willows and that the density of winter moth larvae in willow thickets is unrelated to the amount of mountain birch (the main host plant in northern-boreal forest) in the thickets. However, we also demonstrate that larval densities on willows show a regional-scale spatial decline when moving away from the birch forest and into the shrub tundra. Continued monitoring is needed to establish if the outbreaks will spread further into the tundra. The expansion of outbreaking boreal pests into the tundra could alter conventional expectations of increasing vegetation productivity and shrubification in tundra ecosystems.</p>
FIGURE1. Breeding, migrating and wintering distributions of Palearctic Anthus [rubescens] japonicus and Nearctic Anthus rubescens rubescens/alticola subspecies groups (from BirdLife International 2022; illustration @Andrew Birch). Circles indicate origins of sequenced individuals and triangles indicate origins of analysed recordings of calls. Localities outside of the usual range of the species complex (e.g., Ireland, Oman and Israel) are not figured here. in --Molecular--and--acoustic--evidence--support--the--species--status--of--Anthus rubescens rubescens and--Anthus [rubescens] japonicus--(Passeriformes:--Motacillidae)
FIGURE1. Breeding, migrating and wintering distributions of Palearctic Anthus [rubescens] japonicus and Nearctic Anthus rubescens rubescens/alticola subspecies groups (from BirdLife International 2022; illustration @Andrew Birch). Circles indicate origins of sequenced individuals and triangles indicate origins of analysed recordings of calls. Localities outside of the usual range of the species complex (e.g., Ireland, Oman and Israel) are not figured here.
Data from: Northwest range shifts and shorter wintering period of an Arctic seabird in response to four decades of changing ocean climate
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Data from: Little impact of over-winter parasitism on a free-ranging ungulate in the high Arctic
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Data from: Climate determinants of breeding and wintering ranges of lesser kestrels in Italy and predicted impacts of climate change
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Data from: Body shrinkage due to Arctic warming reduces red knot fitness in tropical wintering range
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Data from: Climate change surpasses land use change in the contracting range boundary of a winter-adapted mammal
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.