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39 results for “winter warming”
Data and code accompanying: A quantitative synthesis of and predictive framework for studying winter warming effects in reptiles
<p>This data and code were used to generate the publication "A quantitative synthesis of and predictive framework for studying winter warming effects in reptiles", doi: 10.1007/s00442-022-05251-3</p> <p>Please direct any queries or requests to use these datasets/code to: k.macleod@bangor.ac.uk</p> <p>Two datasets are presented in separate excel files: one contains meta-analytical data from experimental studies on winter warming effects on reptiles, and the other contains the same type of data from observational studies on the same.</p> <p>R code for analysis is in an R file; this should be openable in any text editing application.</p> <p>Manuscript abstract below:</p> <p><em>Increases in temperature related to global warming have important implications for organismal fitness. For ectotherms inhabiting temperate regions, ‘winter warming’ is likely to be a key source of the thermal variation experienced in future years. Studies focusing on the active season predict largely positive responses to warming in the reptiles; however, overlooking potentially deleterious consequences of warming during the inactive season could lead to biased assessments of climate change vulnerability. Here, we review the overwinter ecology of reptiles, and test specific predictions about the effects of warming winters, by performing a meta-analysis of all studies testing winter warming effects on reptile traits to date. We collated information from observational studies measuring responses to natural variation in temperature in more than one winter season, and experimental studies which manipulated ambient temperature during the winter season. Available evidence supports that most reptiles will advance phenologies with rising winter temperatures, which could positively affect fitness by prolonging the active season although effects of these shifts are poorly understood. Conversely, evidence for shifts in survivorship and body condition in response to warming winters was equivocal, with disruptions to biological rhythms potentially leading to unforeseen fitness ramifications. Our results suggest that the effects of warming winters on reptile species are likely to be important but highlight the need for more data and greater integration of experimental and observational approaches. To improve future understanding, we recap major knowledge gaps in the published literature of winter warming effects in reptiles and outline a framework for future research.</em></p>
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Tree Growth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes cumulative stem biomass carbon data (from pre-treatment in 2012 until 2022) and annual stem biomass growth rates (not cumulative) for 2015-2022 for the red maple trees at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Temperature, Soil Frost, and Snow Depth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes soil temperature (winter 2021-2022) and snow depth and frost depth (winter 2022-2023) at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
F I G U R E 6 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 6 Back-calculated mean body length (±95% confidence interval) of Salmo salar at the midpoint of the winter annulus, following the conclusion of the post-smolt growth period
F I G U R E 1 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 1 Hierarchical cluster analysis of intercirculus spacing for scales of Salmo salar. (a) The dendrogram for k = 20 using Euclidean distance and Ward linkage for z-scored and interpolated data. The five major sub-branches (A–E) and the 20 clusters are ordered sequentially from the left. (b) The standardized intercirculus spacing plots for the 20 clusters. Clusters are colour-coded and ordered as in (a). The LOESS fits for each cluster are shown as a black line and the number of fish per cluster (n) is also shown
F I G U R E 2 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 2 Tabulation of significant under- and over-representation of the 10 most frequent growth pattern categories (and "Others") for Salmo salar scales amongst the 20 dendrogram clusters. Proportions of growth pattern frequency were compared to the overall population proportion of scales for k = 20 with Ward linkage, and clustering of the z-scored and interpolated data. Light shading (−) indicates significant under-representation and dark shading (+) indicates over-representation. Sample sizes (n) for each growth pattern across the time-series are shown
F I G U R E 4 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 4 Time-series changes in ocean surface temperature and Salmo salar scale growth pattern. (a) Changes in monthly SST anomaly for the 250 and 500 km standard deviation spatially weighted kernels in the Norwegian Sea (April 1992 – March 2011). (b) Changes in frequency (proportion within years) of selected growth patterns. The three selected pattern groupings illustrate fish showing persistent Fast growth (F) throughout the post-smolt growth season, Slow growth followed by Fast growth (SF), and all patterns pooled that displayed one or more growth Checks. The growth pattern data for each capture year (b) are aligned with the SST anomaly in April of the previous year (a), coinciding with the commencement of annual smolt emigration
F I G U R E 5 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 5 Monthly correlations between the SST anomalies throughout the post-smolt Salmo salar growth period and annual frequency of the Fast (F) and All Check growth patterns. The salmon data were lagged by -1 year to match the annual post-smolt growth seasons to the SST anomalies. Significant correlations (P <0.05; following adjustment of d.f. to allow for autocorrelation) are shown by the filled circles
Figures 2 and 3 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Figures 2 and 3 summarize the under/over-representation of the more common growth patterns and years, respectively, amongst the k = 20 clusters. The SF growth pattern was over-represented for four of the five clusters of sub-branch A, in association with general underrepresentation of patterns showing an initial Fast (F) sequence (Figure 2). Sub-branch B revealed an essentially inverse structure to sub-branch A, with sporadic over-representation of patterns commencing with a Fast sequence and under-representation of those with an initial Slow sequence. Sub-branches C and D were heterogeneous
F I G U R E 3 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 3 Tabulation of significant under- and overrepresentation of the 20 dendrogram clusters amongst years of capture of return adult Salmo salar. Details as for Figure 2
Figure 4b in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Figure 4b shows that there was (a) a decrease in the frequency of fish showing consistently Fast growth throughout the post-smolt period, (b) an increase in the frequency of the SF growth pattern and (c) an increase in the frequency of growth patterns including one or more Check sequences. Furthermore, these time-series changes in circulus pattern were linked significantly to contemporaneous and anomalous warming of the Norwegian Sea (Figure 5). As shown in Figure 6, one proximate consequence of these changes is manifest in the backcalculated mean length of fish at the midpoint of the winter annulus, following the completion of the post-smolt growth season. This showed a marked and significant decrease across the final six capture years of the time series.
Warm Winter Night Over Spiš Region
<p>Winner in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.</p> <p> </p> <p>This image, taken in Slovakia in January 2022, shows regions of the Milky Way and a rich variety of constellations. The summer constellations of the northern hemisphere are very low in the sky towards the bottom-right. The bright stars of Cygnus and Lyra shine through the artificial lights at the horizon. The huge array of northern winter and autumn constellations with many bright stars are associated with diverse cultural stories.</p> <p>For the Lakota people in North America the belt of the Orion constellation represents the spine of a bison (“Tayamnicankh”). Orion, the Hunter of Greek mythology, is sometimes described chasing the Seven Sisters, the Pleiades. The Arabs transformed this view by considering the follower of the Pleiades only one star instead of a constellation. Aldebaran, the star in the right eye of Taurus, the Bull, comes from this interpretation, because the name Aldebaran derives from al-dabaran, The Follower.</p> <p>At the bottom-right, on the horizon, we can see the milky lightcone of the Zodiacal light stretching from the constellation Pisces through Aries, almost reaching the Pleiades, indicating the path of the planets and the Moon in this area. The Pleiades and the Hyades together form a gate on this path, where the heavenly bodies occasionally pass before entering the Milky Way. The planets were considered sheep in ancient Babylon and the modern constellation Orion was considered the “True Shepherd” of the Sky, with his shepherd’s tool reaching the ecliptic. In Roman tradition, the bright white star above the Pleiades and the Milky Way is called Capella, the Goat, which can be traced back to an Egyptian constellation in this area.</p> <p>Above the treetop in the middle-right part of the image, we see the autumn square, the Andromeda Galaxy and the W-shaped pattern of Cassiopeia. To the left of this group, in the central part of the visible Milky Way, is the constellation Perseus, with Cepheus in the dark area above Cassiopeia completing the celestial family. The Andromeda saga is a Greek story from the area that is now called Israel, and is rooted in Syrian traditions. The location of Andromeda was considered by the ancient Babylonians as the location of the goddess of sexual love, and by the Syrians as the location of the goddess of fertility. According to the saga, Andromeda was chained to a rock at the coast of Jaffa (Tel Aviv) in order to protect her land from a sea monster. The name of the hero who rescued her is Perseus, probably meaning “from Persia” (today’s Iran).</p> <p>Noticeable in the valley are the lights from towns. The yellow light above the horizon indicates larger cities there, which are given away by their light pollution.</p> <p>Credit: Robert Barsa/IAU OAE (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC BY 4.0</a>)</p>
Data from: Climate synchronises shrub growth across a high-arctic archipelago: contrasting implications of summer and winter warming
<p>Climate change is most pronounced at high latitudes, where plant and animal populations are often strongly influenced by environmental fluctuations related to climate and weather. Environmental conditions can co-fluctuate over large distances and thereby synchronise primary production in space. However, large-scale studies of such spatiotemporal patterns remain rare in the Arctic, where short time-series and poor spatial replication have characterised the data available on both biotic and abiotic parameters. Here, we use dendrochronological tools to measure ring growth of a dominant dwarf shrub, the polar willow (<i>Salix polaris</i> Wahlenb.), previously found to reliably trace community-level vascular plant biomass production. We investigated climate drivers of vegetation growth and their role in the synchronisation of primary production across the rapidly warming archipelago of Svalbard (n = 8 sites, composed of 17 sub-sites, 0.06-293 km apart). We found contrasting effects of summer versus winter weather on ring growth and its spatial synchrony. Although an overall positive effect of summer temperature caused spatially synchronous growth, negative impacts of winter rain-on-snow events occurred only locally, potentially counteracting such synchrony. However, the anticipated increase in both summer temperature and spatial extent of rain-on-snow events, causing basal ice encapsulation of the vegetation, could change the relative importance of seasons for spatiotemporal dynamics of shrub growth. Because these shrub ring growth chronologies reflect annual fluctuations in total vascular plant biomass, fuelling the bottom-up controlled food-web, these results have large implications for our understanding of how climate change shapes tundra ecosystem productivity in time and space.</p>
Reevaluating the Little Ice Age: Novel insights from oceanic and terrestrial records on unexpected warm winters
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Scripts for "Evaluation and Attribution of a Warm Winter Bias Over Arctic Sea Ice in a Climate Model"
<p>The scripts used to generate the main figures and results of the work entitled ''Evaluation and Attribution of a Warm Winter Bias Over Arctic Sea Ice in a Climate Model'' by Michalezyk et al., submitted for publication in JAMES - AGU in 2024.</p> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Nicolas MICHALEZYK : nicolas.michalezyk@locean.ipsl.fr</p>
Winter Warming in North America Induced by Impermeable Surface Expansion in China
<p>Dataset for the manuscript entitiled "Winter Warming in North America Induced by Impermeable Surface Expansion in China"</p>
Data for "Observed winter Barents Kara Sea ice variations induce prominent sub-decadal variability and a multidecadal trend in the Warm Arctic Cold Eurasia pattern"
<p>Here the model experiment data used to create the figures in the article "Observed winter Barents Kara Sea ice variations induce prominent sub-decadal variability and a multi-decadal trend in the Warm Arctic Cold Eurasia pattern" are provided.</p>
Warm winters lead to early breeding, increased breeding effort, but lower reproductive success, in a threatened habitat specialist
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Towards rainy high Arctic winters: how experimental icing and summer warming affect tundra plant phenology, productivity and reproduction
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Data from: Climate synchronises shrub growth across a high-arctic archipelago: contrasting implications of summer and winter warming
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