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BRAIN Journal-ANNSVM: A Novel Method for Graph-Type Classification by Utilization of Fourier Transformation, Wavelet Transformation, and Hough Transformation-Figure 6. Results from ANNSVN that used WL and HT
<p>To identify which features of data influentially impacted data separability, we conducted experiments for ANNSVM with WL and HT (i.e., Figure 6). The WL contained only wavelet coefficients, whereas HT included only results of the Hough transformation. We found that, again, results obtained via the linear kernel were not significant; however, using the RBF kernel, accuracy for WL was higher than that of HT, indicating that wavelet coefficients provide influential features that make data separable. </p>
Text-fig. 3. Geological map and schematic geological section of the discovery site of the Late Upper Palaeolithic skull from Moča (southern Slovakia). I. – Primary position (?), II. – The discovery site (secondary position), A – B – The schematic geological section of the discovery site 1. H – Fluvial clayey to sandy loams (subordinately humolites) – Holocene; secondary discovery site layer, 2. lm-pH – Loam – peat – Holocene, 3. e Wl – Eolian sands – Late Würm (Late glacial of Würm), 4. lm,sWl – Fluvial clayey (to humic) loams or fine sands – Late Würm (Late glas cial of Würm); original discovery site layer, now eroded, 4a. fe Wl – Fluvial – aeolian silty sands (calcareous) – Late Würm (Late glacial s-lm of Würm), 5. lmW3 – Fluvial loams, sandy loams – final Würm (W3), 5a. W3 – Fluvial sands – final (?) Würm (?W3), 6. gW2+3 – Fluvial gravs els, sandy gravels, sands with gravel – Pleniglacial of Würm (W2+3), 7. lW – Aeolian loess and loess loams – Würm (undivided) in A Late Upper Palaeolithic Skull From Moča (The Slovak Republic) In The Context Of Central Europe
Text-fig. 3. Geological map and schematic geological section of the discovery site of the Late Upper Palaeolithic skull from Moča (southern Slovakia). I. – Primary position (?), II. – The discovery site (secondary position), A – B – The schematic geological section of the discovery site 1. H – Fluvial clayey to sandy loams (subordinately humolites) – Holocene; secondary discovery site layer, 2. lm-pH – Loam – peat – Holocene, 3. e Wl – Eolian sands – Late Würm (Late glacial of Würm), 4. lm,sWl – Fluvial clayey (to humic) loams or fine sands – Late Würm (Late glas cial of Würm); original discovery site layer, now eroded, 4a. fe Wl – Fluvial – aeolian silty sands (calcareous) – Late Würm (Late glacial s-lm of Würm), 5. lmW3 – Fluvial loams, sandy loams – final Würm (W3), 5a. W3 – Fluvial sands – final (?) Würm (?W3), 6. gW2+3 – Fluvial gravs els, sandy gravels, sands with gravel – Pleniglacial of Würm (W2+3), 7. lW – Aeolian loess and loess loams – Würm (undivided)
Figure. Measurement data plotted for all nestlings as a function of age for the black stork: a) wing length (WL), b) head length (HL), c) bill length (BL), and d) tarsus length. in Age estimation of black stork (Ciconia nigra) nestlings from wing, bill, head, and tarsus lengths at the time of ringing
Figure. Measurement data plotted for all nestlings as a function of age for the black stork: a) wing length (WL), b) head length (HL), c) bill length (BL), and d) tarsus length.
Appendix. The status of global taxonomic checklist preparation for flowering plant families (based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II but modified to reflect circumscriptions of existing checklists). If a checklist is complete and available on the Internet then the URL is also given. The species numbers (sp. no.) given are either based on actual working lists (WL) where they exist or are based on Stevens (2006) if no WL is available. Five categories are used to describe the status of a particular working list: 1, checklist complete and accessible via the Internet now; 2, checklist available on Internet by end of 2007 (Asteraceae 2010); 3, checklist complete but not online; 4, some online lists giving partial coverage may be available; 5, no global checklist being compiled so far as known. in Towards Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: A working list of all known plant species - Progress and prospects
Appendix. The status of global taxonomic checklist preparation for flowering plant families (based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II but modified to reflect circumscriptions of existing checklists). If a checklist is complete and available on the Internet then the URL is also given. The species numbers (sp. no.) given are either based on actual working lists (WL) where they exist or are based on Stevens (2006) if no WL is available. Five categories are used to describe the status of a particular working list: 1, checklist complete and accessible via the Internet now; 2, checklist available on Internet by end of 2007 (Asteraceae 2010); 3, checklist complete but not online; 4, some online lists giving partial coverage may be available; 5, no global checklist being compiled so far as known.
Figure 5 from: Lorence DH, Wagner WL, Wood KR, Johnson G (2020) Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guam, Mariana Islands. PhytoKeys 169: 61-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.58107
Figure 5 Distribution map showing five known localities for Pogostemon guamensis on NE part of Guam.
Figure 3 from: Lorence DH, Wagner WL, Wood KR, Johnson G (2020) Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guam, Mariana Islands. PhytoKeys 169: 61-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.58107
Figure 3 Pogostemon guamensis Lorence and W.L.Wagner (Perlman & Wood 14266, holotype PTBG-061045).
Figure 1 from: Lorence DH, Wagner WL, Wood KR, Johnson G (2020) Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guam, Mariana Islands. PhytoKeys 169: 61-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.58107
Figure 1 A phylogenetic reconstruction of genus Pogostemon estimated using Baysean Inference of partial matK sequences generated in this study and obtained from GenBank. Node labels indicate posterior probabilities. Based on matK evidence, a well-supported clade containing P. guamensis, P. hirsutus, P. wightii, and P. mollis is separate from that containing P. cablin, the common patchouli plant with a broad feral distribution and superficial resemblance to P. guamensis. Arrow and highlighting indicate samples of P. guamensis.
Figure 2 from: Lorence DH, Wagner WL, Wood KR, Johnson G (2020) Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guam, Mariana Islands. PhytoKeys 169: 61-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.58107
Figure 2 Pogostemon guamensis Lorence and W.L.Wagner A habit, stem with leaves and inflorescence B detail of abaxial leaf surface showing pubescence and sessile glands C portion of inflorescence showing cymes with calyces and four corollas D calyx E corolla at anthesis F corolla, opened along one side G gynoecium with portion of calyx removed showing ovary and style. Drawn from Perlman and Wood 14295 (A, B), Wood and Perlman 3359 (C–E), and Wood and Perlman 3300 (F, G). Illustration by Alice Tangerini.
Figure 4 from: Wood KR, Wagner WL (2024) Cyrtandra obliquifolia (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 237: 141-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.114704
Figure 4 Cyrtandra wawrae C.B. Clarke A habit with inflorescence B close-up of inflorescence and peltate leaf C peltate leaves D close-up of corolla and side view of calyx. All photos by K.R. Wood A 17 June 2017, Wailua B Wailua, Wood 17317 (PTBG) C, D Lumahai, Wood 17398 (PTBG).
Figure 3 from: Wood KR, Wagner WL (2024) Cyrtandra obliquifolia (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 237: 141-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.114704
Figure 3 Cyrtandra obliquifolia K.R. Wood & W.L. Wagner from headwaters of Waikoko Valley where holotype was collected A, B habit C close-up of early anthesis flower D general habitat of type locality. All photos by K.R. Wood.
Figure 1 from: Wood KR, Wagner WL (2024) Cyrtandra obliquifolia (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 237: 141-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.114704
Figure 1 Distribution map (Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands) with dots representing the two known locations of Cyrtandra obliquifolia K.R. Wood & W.L. Wagner and polygon representing the broad distribution of C. wawrae C.B. Clarke.
Figure 2 from: Wood KR, Wagner WL (2024) Cyrtandra obliquifolia (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 237: 141-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.114704
Figure 2 Cyrtandra obliquifolia K.R. Wood & W.L. Wagner A habit B pubescence on upper leaf surface and margin C pubescence on lower surface and margin D flower in early anthesis (male phase) E flower in full anthesis (female stage) F calyx after flowering showing stigma. Drawn from holotype and augmented with photograph of plant that holotype was taken from (A–D, F) and from close-up photo of plant that holotype was taken from (E).
Figure 5 from: Wood KR, Wagner WL (2024) Cyrtandra obliquifolia (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 237: 141-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.114704
Figure 5 Cyrtandra wawrae C.B. Clarke A habit showing dense umbelliform cymes B pubescence on upper surface and margin C pubescence on lower surface and margin D flower, lateral view, in full anthesis (female stage) E face view of corolla F corolla longitudinal section showing inserted stamens G calyx longitudinal section after flowering showing stigma. Drawn from Wood 907 (US), Kalalau Rim (A–D, F, G), and photo of Wood 17398, upper Lumahai (E). Illustration augmented with photos of habit (Wood 17317) and leaves from (Perlman & Wood 13599) (A), and photos of flowers (Wood 17398) (D).
Figure 3 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 3 Mean number of drumming bouts performed during different portions of calling songs in A. tinnulacita showing standard error of the means. The occurrence of drumming was variable from one calling song to the next. Consistently, more drumming bouts were given during the first 40 percent and the last 20 percent of the major echemes of calling song (n = 14 songs, 1218 drumming bouts total).
Figure 2 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 2 Percent usage of different length drumming bouts during calling songs in A. tinnulacita. (n = 24 songs; 1,503 tapping bouts; error bars are ±SD of the means).
Figure 6 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 6 Audio spectrograms of courtship songs of four species of Anaxipha showing drumming bouts (below 2 kHz) and tegminal sounds (above 4 kHz). Low frequencies (below 2 kHz) were enhanced to better show the low-frequency drumming bouts. A.Anaxipha exigua, dark areas below 1 kHz are drumming bouts; B.Anaxipha tinnulacita, fine, dark lines after 1:05 (min:sec) are the drumming bouts; C.Anaxipha tinnulenta, the dark areas after 5 sec and below 2 kHz are the drumming bouts; D.Anaxipha thomasi, the compact dark areas below 2 kHz are the drumming bouts. The clustered, individual taps between drumming bouts are sounds made by the insect jumping repeatedly and rapidly between echemes during the courtship display. Note that the time scales for each courtship song are different, as each species courtship song length is different and variable.
Figure 5 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 5 Audio spectrograms of three seconds of calling and courtship songs of the four species of Anaxipha. A1.A. exigua calling song; A2.A. exigua courtship song; B1.A. tinnulacita calling song; B2.A. tinnulacita courtship song; C1.A. tinnulenta calling song; C2.A. tinnulenta courtship song; D1.A. thomasi calling song; D2.A. thomasi courtship song. Compared to calling song, the individual syllables of courtship songs are shorter, patterned differently, with more sounds associated with wing-opening movements (wing-dragging).
Figure 4 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 4 Oscillograms of the calling and courtship songs of the four species of Anaxipha. A1.A. exigua calling song; A2.A. exigua courtship song; B1.A. tinnulacita calling song; B2.A. tinnulacita courtship song; C1.A. tinnulenta calling song; C2.A. tinnulenta courtship song; D1.A. thomasi calling song; D2.A. thomasi courtship song. All audio files were normalized to -3 dBFS for comparison. Y-axis represents amplitude and is analogous to dBFS (full scale).
Figure 7 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 7 Examination of the means of the average power of the combined first two and the combined last two taps of drumming bouts in courtship songs ±SD. In nearly all instances, tapping becomes louder during an individual drumming bout within courtship songs across all four species. Numbers closer to the abscissas are louder. a = average of the first two taps, b = average of the last two taps in bouts of four taps or more. * = t-tests comparing the means of first two taps to the last two taps, within each species, showed the p-values were all < 0.0001, showing that the taps are significantly louder at the end of drumming bouts (A. exigua n = 5 songs, 45 drumming bouts; A. tinnulacita n = 4, 29; A. tinnulenta n = 4, 98; A. thomasi n = 5, 75).
Figure 1 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 1 A typical drumming bout showing the low-frequency and brief nature of these sounds. The figure is the selection of a drumming bout from a courtship song of A. thomasi showing the selection window spanning from the middle of the first tap to the middle of the last tap. This tapping bout consists of 12 taps.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.