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24 results for “wood decomposition”
Buried wood decomposition data for Saddle and Trough, 1992-1993.
Wood dowels of 4 different diameters were placed in soils associated with different vegetation communities on Niwot Ridge in order to estimate landscape-level wood decomposition rates across the alpine tundra. Dowels consisted of untreated Gonystylus bancanus wood. Dowels were 12 cm in length and inserted 10 cm into the ground, so that approximately 2 cm of the length remained aboveground.
Multiple abiotic and biotic drivers of long-term wood decomposition within and among species in semiarid inland dunes: a dual role for stem diameter
<p>This is wood decomposition data conducted in an semiarid inland dune including mass loss, initial wood traits and k values of combinations between five diameter classes and four shrub species under different treatments including UV and litter position. We found that after 34 months of in situ incubation, the mass loss of buried woody litters was three times faster than those of suspended and surface woody litters (53.5 ± 2.7 %, 17.0 ± 1.0 % and 14.4± 1.2 %, respectively). In surface and suspended positions, litter decomposition rates were almost equally low and most mass loss was during the first two years, when bark was still attached and UV radiation had no significant effect on woody litter mass loss.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Soil amendment with biochar and manure alters wood stake decomposition and fungal community composition
<p><span>Biochar and manure can be used for </span>sustainable land management<span>. However, little is known about how soil amendments might affect surface- and below-ground microbial processes and subsequent wood decomposition</span>. In a split-split-split plot design, we amended soil with two rates of manure (whole plot; 0 and 9 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and biochar (split-plot; 0 and 10 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>). <span>Wood stakes of three species (hybrid poplar, triploid<em> Populus tomentosa</em> Carr.; aspen, <em>Populus tremuloides</em> Michx.; and pine, <em>Pinus taeda</em> L.) were placed in two positions (horizontally on the soil surface, and inserted vertically in the mineral soil), which served as </span>a substrate for fungal growth<span>. In 3 years, the decomposition rate (mass loss), moisture content, and fungal community (via high-throughput sequencing methods) of stakes were evaluated. Results indicated</span> that <span>biochar and/or manure increased the wood stake decomposition rates, moisture content, and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance. However, the richness and diversity of fungi </span>were<span> dependent on wood stake position (surface > mineral), species (pine > the two <em>Populus</em>), and sample dates. This study highlights that soil amendment with biochar and/or manure can alter the fungal community, which in turn can enhance an important soil process (i.e., decomposition). </span></p>
Suspended sections within downed dead wood are drier, have altered decomposer communities, and slower decomposition
<div class="page"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>The decomposition of dead wood plays a key role in forest carbon emissions. Most pieces of downed dead wood are partially suspended above the forest floor, but how this suspension affects decomposition rates is typically ignored and remains largely unexplored. Here we combine field observations and experimental manipulations to explore how partial suspension of downed wood (i.e., wood debris in contact with the ground) influences decomposer communities and patterns of decomposition in a lowland tropical forest. Experimental manipulations of wood sticks showed that small-scale suspension above the forest floor (ca. 5 cm) slowed decomposition and altered microbial community assembly, regardless of whether the suspended section was connected to a piece of downed wood. Across a 41-year chronosequence of dead trees, the average percent of wood volume suspended above the forest floor decreased during the initial 10 years post-death, but this trend reversed after 10 years, with the oldest logs being the forest floor had less moisture, fewer macrofungi, and more photosynthetic growth (e.g., moss, algae, etc.) than downed sections of the same bole. Surprisingly, wood density, termite presence, and mass-specific respiration did not differ with ground contact. Combined, these data suggest that suspension within downed wood reduces moisture content, influences decomposer community assembly, and contributes to the strong variability in decomposition rates. The strong effect of partial suspension within downed wood pieces heightens concerns about the accuracy and applicability of experiments and surveys focused on down dead wood, which are the foundation of our understanding of wood decomposition and associated carbon losses most suspended. Among downed woody pieces sampled in situ, sections suspended above the forest floor had less moisture, fewer macrofungi, and more photosynthetic growth (e.g., moss, algae, etc.) than downed sections of the same bole. Surprisingly, wood density, termite presence, and mass-specific respiration did not differ with ground contact. Combined, these data suggest that suspension within downed wood reduces moisture content, influences decomposer community assembly, and contributes to the strong variability in decomposition rates. </p> </div> </div> </div>
Multiple abiotic and biotic drivers of long-term wood decomposition within and among species in semiarid inland dunes: a dual role for stem diameter
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Habitat specific effects of bark on wood decomposition: influences of fragmentation, nitrogen concentration, and microbial community composition
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Suspended sections within downed dead wood are drier, have altered decomposer communities, and slower decomposition
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Data from: Temporal dynamics of bark and wood functional traits in determining invertebrate communities during coarse and fine woody debris decomposition
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Data from: Seasonally changing interactions of species traits of termites and trees promote complementarity in coarse wood decomposition
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Data from: Belowground community turnover accelerates the decomposition of standing dead wood
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Soil amendment with biochar and manure alters wood stake decomposition and fungal community composition
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Data from: Tree species identity determines wood decomposition via microclimatic effects
Empirical evidence suggests that the rich set of ecosystem functions and nature's contributions to people provided by forests depends on tree diversity. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research revealed that not only species richness per se but also other facets of tree diversity, such as tree identity, have to be considered to understand the underlying mechanisms. One important ecosystem function in forests is the decomposition of deadwood that plays a vital role in carbon and nutrient cycling and is assumed to be determined by above- and belowground interactions. However, the actual influence of tree diversity on wood decay in forests remains inconclusive. Recent studies suggest an important role of microclimate and advocate a systematical consideration of small-scale environmental conditions. We studied the influence of tree species richness, tree species identity, and microclimatic conditions on wood decomposition in a 12-year old tree diversity experiment in Germany, containing six native species within a tree species richness gradient. We assessed wood mass loss, soil microbial properties, and soil surface temperature in high temporal resolution. Our study shows a significant influence of tree species identity on all three variables. The presence of Scots pine strongly increased wood mass loss, while the presence of Norway spruce decreased it. This could be attributed to structural differences in the litter layer that were modifying the capability of plots to hold the soil surface temperature at night, consequently leading to enhanced decomposition rates in plots with higher night-time surface temperatures. Therefore, our study confirmed the critical role of microclimate for wood decomposition in forests and showed that soil microbial properties alone were not sufficient to predict wood decay. We conclude that tree diversity effects on ecosystem functions may include different biodiversity facets, such as tree identity, tree traits, and functional and structural diversity, in influencing the abiotic and biotic soil properties.
Data for: Decomposability of leaf and wood litter are not correlated across species: Effects of litter traits on decomposition in field and laboratory conditions
<ol> <li>Changes in tree species composition have important effects on the overall rate of litter decomposition at a community level because litter decomposability varies among species and between leaf and wood litter. To understand how changes in tree species composition affect litter dynamics and carbon sequestration at the ecosystem level, it is important to clarify interspecific variations in leaf and wood litter decomposability and the traits driving the variation.</li> <li>Using field data, field experiments, and laboratory experiments, we explored rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition and their relationships to traits of ten deciduous hardwood species in a temperate forest in Japan. Rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition at the community level were also estimated by considering species-specific litter inputs and decomposition rates.</li> <li>Rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition were not correlated under either field or controlled laboratory conditions. This is probably because the traits that affect decomposition rate differ between leaf and wood litter. Interspecific variation in litter decomposability of leaves and wood was generally consistent between field conditions and laboratory experiments using a single fungus, suggesting that the decomposing fungi set the species-specific decomposition rates. Moreover, the leaf and wood traits that affected decomposition by their specific fungi were different. The aboveground input of wood litter was less than half that of leaf litter, but its half-life was >3 times longer, suggesting that wood and leaves make similar contributions to litter accumulation.</li> <li>Focusing on either leaf or wood litter alone may produce misleading estimates of how species composition changes affect litter dynamics at the community level. Our results provide insight into predicting the response of carbon dynamics to future climate change.</li> </ol>
Data from: Tree species identity determines wood decomposition via microclimatic effects
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Data from: Antagonistic biotic interactions mitigate the positive effects of warming on wood decomposition
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Data for: Decomposability of leaf and wood litter are not correlated across species: Effects of litter traits on decomposition in field and laboratory conditions
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Data from: The cover uncovered: bark control over wood decomposition
1. Woody debris (WD) represents a globally significant carbon stock and its decomposition returns nutrients to the soil while providing habitat to microbes, plants and animals. Understanding what drives WD decomposition is therefore important. 2. WD decomposition rates differ greatly among species. However, the role of bark in the process remains poorly known. 3. We ask how, and how much, interspecific variation in bark functional traits related to growth and protection have afterlife effects on the decomposition of wood, partly mediated by animals. We examine the roles of bark cover and bark traits throughout the wood decomposition process. 4. Synthesis. We find that: (i) bark effects on WD decomposition are species- and wood size-specific, (ii) bark can enhance coarser WD decomposition but slows twig decomposition in some species, and (iii) bark acts as an environmental filter to faunal assemblages in the early stage of wood decomposition. We highlight the need to account for bark effects on WD decomposition and offer an important complementary contribution to including woody species identity effects in biogeochemical and climate-change models via species bark traits.
Figure 2 from: Wood C, Schlindwein C, Soares G, Araujo P (2012) Feeding rates of Balloniscus sellowii (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea): the effect of leaf litter decomposition and its relation to the phenolic and flavonoid content. ZooKeys 176: 231-245. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.1940
Figure 2 - Total phenolic and flavonoid content and estimated amount of total phenolics and flavonoids ingested by Balloniscus sellowii on leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius for different stages of decomposition. The values are mg of equivalent of quercetin(flavonoid) or tannic acid (phenolic) per mg of dry leaf ± SE. Superscript letters indicatesignificant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).
Figure 1 from: Wood C, Schlindwein C, Soares G, Araujo P (2012) Feeding rates of Balloniscus sellowii (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea): the effect of leaf litter decomposition and its relation to the phenolic and flavonoid content. ZooKeys 176: 231-245. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.1940
Figure 1 - Isopod feeding rates on leaves of Lithraea brasiliensis (n = 10), Ricinus communis (n = 9), and Schinus terebinthifolius (n = 10) with 14 days of decomposition and respective phenolic content (standard error was not calculated due to the low amount of leaf remains for chemical analysis). Egestion and assimilation rate could not be calculated for Ricinus communis (low amount of fecal pellets). The values are mean and SE. Superscript letters indicate significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05).
Relationships among wood-boring beetles, fungal endophytes and saprotrophs, and the decomposition of forest biomass.
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