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22 results for “wrack”
Wrack classification data based on UAV imagery from Dean Creek on Sapelo Island, GA
We used a DJI Matrice 210 UAV with a MicaSense Altum to collect a total of 20 images from January 2020 - December 2021 in a the Dean Creek marsh on Sapelo Island, GA. Wrack was classified using a principal component analysis. Wrack patches under 1 m2 were excluded from analyses. Wrack classifications were converted to polygon and point data where each point represents a 5 cm x 5 cm pixel. Those files were then used to analyze wrack characteristics, their relation to environmental drivers, and landscape based patterns. For both polygon and point data, we used the National Elevation Dataset (https://gdg.sc.egov.usda.gov/Catalog/ProductDescription/NED.html) to determine the elevation of each wrack patch. Creeks and shorelines were digitized and used to determine each wrack patches' distance to water. We calculated the frequency of wrack deposition at each point by adding together the number of images where that pixel was classified as wrack over the course of the study. Polygon data were related to tide height from a NOAA tidal station data product (Ft. Pulaski, Station 8670870; https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov) and wind speed and wind direction from the Marsh Landing weather station (downloaded data for the SAPMLMET met station from: https://cdmo.baruch.sc.edu/) to evaluate the relationship of wrack to environmental drivers.
SBC LTER: Beach: Time-series of beach wrack cover and biomass, ongoing since 2008
These data describe the composition, cover, depth, and wet biomass of macrophyte wrack accumulated in the intertidal zone measured on five selected sandy beaches of the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel. Data collection began in 2008 and this dataset is updated annually. Two data tables in this data package: 1. Wrack_Cover_All_Years. This is long-term time-series dataset starting in 2008 with fixed wrack species codes. 2. The Wrack_Cover_NON_FILLED_Partialkep dataset is added in 2019, to distinguish whether the fresh or old blade, stipe and holdfast was a fragment or attached to a whole plant.
SBC LTER: Beach: Time-series of beach wrack consumers, ongoing since 2011
These data contain the composition, count, and wet biomass of macroinvertebrates along intertidal transects at five selected sandy beaches of the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel. Data collection began in 2012 and is ongoing. This dataset is updated annually. Macroinvertebrates were collected from uniformly spaced cores along the shore-normal transects also used for physical measurements and macrophyte wrack sampling. Cores were pooled and animals and organic material sieved. In the laboratory, all macroinvertebrate species were identified, enumerated, blotted dry and weighed.
BWILD: Beach seagrass Wrack Identification Labelled Dataset
<h1>Training dataset</h1> <p>BWILD is a dataset tailored to train Artificial Intelligence applications to automate beach seagrass wrack detection in RGB images. It includes oblique RGB images captured by SIRENA beach video-monitoring systems, along with corresponding annotations, auxiliary data and a README file. BWILD encompasses data from two microtidal sandy beaches in the Balearic Islands, Spain. The dataset consists of images with varying fields of view (9 cameras), beach wrack abundance, degrees of occupation, and diverse meteoceanic and lighting conditions. The annotations categorise image pixels into five classes: i) Landwards, ii) Seawards, iii) Diffuse wrack, iv) Intermediate wrack, and v) Dense wrack.</p> <h1>Technical details</h1> <p>The BWILD version 1.1.0 is packaged in a compressed file (BWILD_v1.1.0.zip). A total of 3286 RGB images are shared in PNG format, corresponding annotations and masks in various formats (PNG, XML, JSON,TXT), and the README file in PDF format.</p> <h2>Data preprocessing</h2> <p>The BWILD dataset utilizes snapshot images from two SIRENA beach video-monitoring systems. To facilitate annotation while maintaining a diverse range of scenarios, the original 1280x960 pixel images were cropped to smaller regions, with a uniform resolution of 640x480 pixels. A subset of images was carefully curated to minimize annotation workload while ensuring representation of various time periods, distances to camera, and environmental conditions. Image selection involved filtering for quality, clustering for diversity, and prioritizing scenes containing beach seagrass wracks. Further details are available in the README file. </p> <h2>Data splitting</h2> <p>Data splitting requirements may vary depending on the chosen Artificial Intelligence approach (e.g., splitting by entire images or by image patches). Researchers should use a consistent method and document the approach and splits used in publications, enabling reproducible results and facilitating comparisons between studies. </p> <h2>Classes, labels and annotations</h2> <p>The BWILD dataset has been labelled manually using the 'Computer Vision Annotation Tool' (CVAT), categorising pixels into five labels of interest using polygon annotations.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong> Label</strong></td> <td><strong> Description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>landwards</td> <td>Pixels that are towards the landside with respect to the shoreline</td> </tr> <tr> <td>seawards</td> <td>Pixels that are towards the seaside with respect to the shoreline</td> </tr> <tr> <td>diffuse wrack</td> <td>Pixels that potentially resembled beach wracks based on colour and shape, yet the annotator could not confirm this with certainty, were denoted as ‘diffuse wrack’</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Intermediate wrack</td> <td>Pixels with low-density beach wracks or mixed beach wracks and sand surfaces</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dense wrack</td> <td>Pixels with high-density beach wracks</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Annotations were exported from CVAT in four different formats: (i) CVAT for images (XML); (ii) Segmentation Mask 1.0 (PNG); (iii) COCO (JSON); (iv) Ultralytics YOLO Segmentation 1.0 (TXT). These diverse annotation formats can be used for various applications including object detection and segmentation, and simplify the interaction with the dataset, making it more user-friendly. Further details are available in the README file. </p> <h2>Parameters</h2> <p>RGB values or any transformation in the colour space can be used as parameters.</p> <h2>Data sources</h2> <p>A SIRENA system consists of a set of RGB cameras mounted at the top of buildings on the beachfront. These cameras take oblique pictures of the beach, with overlapping sights, at 7.5 FPS during the first 10 minutes of each hour in daylight hours. From these pictures, different products are generated, including snapshots, which correspond to the frame of the video at the 5th minute. In the Balearic Islands, SIRENA stations are managed by the Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB), and are mounted at the top of hotels located in front of the coastline. The present dataset includes snapshots from the SIRENA systems operating since 2011 at Cala Millor (5 cameras) and Son Bou (4 cameras) beaches, located in Mallorca and Menorca islands (Balearic Islands, Spain), respectively. All latest and historical SIRENA images are available at the Beamon app viewer (https://apps.socib.es/beamon). </p> <h2>Data quality</h2> <p>All images included in BWILD have been supervised by the authors of the dataset. However, variable presence of beach segrass wracks across different beach segments and seasons impose a variable distribution of images across different SIRENA stations and cameras. Users of BWILD dataset must be aware of this variance. Further details are available in the README file. </p> <h2>Image resolution</h2> <p>The resolution of the images in BWILD is of 640x480 pixels.</p> <h2>Spatial coverage</h2> <p>The BWILD version 1.1.0 contains data from two SIRENA beach video-monitoring stations, encompassing two microtidal sandy beaches in the Balearic Islands, Spain. These are: Cala Millor (<em>clm</em>) and Son Bou (<em>snb</em>). </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>SIRENA station</strong></td> <td><strong> Longitude</strong></td> <td><strong> Latitude</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>clm</em></td> <td>3.383</td> <td>39.596</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>snb</em></td> <td>4.077</td> <td>39.898</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>Contact information</h2> <p>For further technical inquiries or additional information about the annotated dataset, please contact jsoriano@socib.es.</p>
Experimental plots studies comparing the impact of fertilization and wrack addition on invertebrate abundance and plant cover in Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico salt marshes from April 2009 to September 2010
Understanding the relative strengths of top-down and bottom-up forces is an important key to predicting the structure of biological communities. The strength of these effects can be regulated in part by predator abundance and nutrient availability. In 2009, we hypothesized that the importance of these factors varies geographically between the southeastern Atlantic Coast and the Gulf Coast due to differences in tidal regime, and began to study this variation using a biogeographic, manipulative field experiment. Although our original purpose was to understand the structure of salt marsh arthropod food webs, BP's Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf Coast presented an opportunity to understand how stress from an oil spill might affect the variables that we were measuring. The fact that we had plots and transect sampling in place at multiple sites along the Gulf and East Coasts put us in a position to evaluate any impacts that might occur if oil hit some of the sites. The study was conducted at 11 sites across the Gulf Coast, from Texas to Florida, and 11 sites along the Atlantic Coast, from Florida to Maine. At each site, experimental plots were sampled and a 100m transect was sampled near the plots within 5m of the high marsh boundary. Sampling was conducted in May 2009, August 2009, and August 2010. In 2010, four extra sites were added to the existing experimental sites because of known oil contamination, and another site was added as an extra control. Only the transect sampling was conducted at these sites. This dataset contains all the data from experimental plots; experimental treatments of fertilizer addition, wrack addition, fertilizer & wrack addition, and no addition (control) were randomly applied to the plots. The plot treatments were maintained in August 2009 and May 2010.
Experimental wrack disturbance at four times during the growing season
Using a field experiment on the Georgia coast, we simulated the effects of wrack disturbance on the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora. We simulated wrack disturbance on four different dates by covering selected plot with 10 cm of wrack collected nearby on March 18, May 27, July 15 or September 7. Wrack was fixed to the marsh surface with string so that it could not wash away. We also simulated the mechanical disturbance created by wrack but without the input of organic matter by clipping selected plots at the soil surface on the same dates. We measured plant heights in a 50 cm×50 cm quadrat centered in each plot before the first treatments were conducted in March, again on May 9, and every two weeks thereafter until plots were harvested. We also recorded the status of flowering in the late of the growing season.The center 50 × 50 cm of each plot was harvested by clipping stems at the soil surface on October 5-6, 2015. We measured the height and flowering status of each stem, and counted the number of stem-boring insects present in each stem by splitting the stem open. Data include plant height, flowering status and stem bored status.
SBC LTER: Beach: Local and regional kelp wrack inputs to sandy beaches
These data describe the inputs of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) to sandy beach ecosystems in the Santa Barbara Channel. The local dataset details the average number of kelp plants deposited in 100 m wide segments of coastline over the course of 66 months, from August 2015 through July 2021. Data are presented as the overall average as well as the seasonal averages for each segment. The coordinates of each segment are provided as well as the overall average dry beach width and the beach orientation for each segment. The regional dataset details the average wrack cover from cross-shore transects and the average number of kelp plants deposited on the 1 km stretch of beach for 24 sandy beach sites in a 100 km long region of coastline along the Santa Barbara Channel. The coordinates of each site are provided as well as the dry beach width and the beach orientation. Data are contained in two tables: 1) the local 25 km dataset with 250 total segments, and 2) the 100 km regional dataset with 24 total study beaches.
SBC LTER: Beach: CO₂ flux, wrack subsidies, invertebrate community, and consumer respiration rates for Channel Islands sandy beaches
These data result from surveys of 14 sandy beach sites on four of California’s Channel Islands from 2016 to 2018. We quantified marine macrophyte wrack subsidies, macroinvertebrates, beach physical parameters, and sediment CO2 flux at each site in order to elucidate the role of marine wrack subsidies and wrack consumers on sandy beach sediment CO2 flux. We also measured the respiration rates of the six most common wrack consumer species in the laboratory. Data are contained in two tables: 1) Mean wrack cover, invertebrate community composition (species richness, abundance, and biomass), beach physical parameters, and sediment CO2 flux, and 2) respiration rates and biomass of each replicate individual for each of the six species.
SBC LTER: Beach: Wrack and porewater in southern Santa Barbara County, 2003
These data describe 1) the composition, cover, and wet biomass of macrophyte wrack accumulated in the intertidal zone measured along replicated shore-normal transects and 2) the concentrations of major dissolved nutrients and salinity of samples of beach porewater collected from excavations to the water table at different intertidal heights and in the surf zone along the same replicated transects where wrack was measured. These wrack and biogeochemical data were collected on ten sandy beaches of the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel in late summer 2003. Distance between shore-normal transects was randomly selected at each site, and data can be used as replicates
SBC LTER: Beach: Data to support "Contribution of macroalgal wrack consumers to dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in intertidal pore waters of sandy beaches"
These data describe measures of excretion from talitrid amphipods (Megalorchestia corniculata) fed giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) blades and incubated in a series of mesocosms during May 2018. Data are contained in one table: time series of mesocosm porewater nutrient concentrations measured twice daily for approximately one week (two full trials included in this dataset). This dataset is to support the article: Lowman, H. E., Emery, K. A., Kubler-Dudgeon, L., Dugan, J. E., & Melack, J. M. (2019). Contribution of macroalgal wrack consumers to dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in intertidal pore waters of sandy beaches. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.004
Data for: Species composition of shoreline wolf spider communities vary with salinity but their diets vary with wrack inflow
<p>Wolf spiders are typically the most common group of arthropod predators on both lake and marine shorelines, because of the high prey availability in these habitats. However, shores are also harsh environments due to flooding and, in proximity to marine waters, to toxic salinity levels. Here, we describe the spider community, prey availabilities, and spider diets between shoreline sites with different salinities, albeit with comparatively small differences (5 vs. 7‰). Despite the small environmental differences, spider communities between low and higher-saline sites showed an almost complete species turnover. At the same time, differences in prey availability or spider gut contents did not match changes in spider species composition but rather changed with habitat characteristics within the region, where spiders collected at sites with thick wrack beds had a different diet than sites with little wrack. These data suggest that shifts in spider communities are due to habitat characteristics rather than prey availabilities, and the most likely candidate restricting species in high salinity would be saline sensitivity. At the same time, species' absences from low-saline habitats remain unresolved.</p>
Data for: Species composition of shoreline wolf spider communities vary with salinity but their diets vary with wrack inflow
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Data for: Fine‐scale environmental heterogeneity and conservation management: Beach‐cast wrack creates microhabitats for thermoregulation in shorebirds
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SBC LTER: Beach: Dynamics of intertidal wrack consumer distributions on an SBC Beach
Distribution of Intertidal Wrack Consumer Beds Over Time Zonation of intertidal biota on sandy beaches is extremely dynamic and challenging to model due to the unstable nature of the sandy substrate and the high mobility of the biota. Distributions of these biota can shift strongly with tides, wave runup, storms, and beach conditions on a variety of temporal scales. High frequency measurements of the positions of intertidal beds of a mid and an upper shore invertebrate species, including wrack consuming talitrid amphipods (Megalorchestia spp) and a deposit feeding polychaete (Euzonus mucronata), were conducted on an SBC study beach, West Isla Vista, for one year.
Figure 6 in A new species of Halolaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Rhodacaroidea) from beach wrack in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, with comments on opisthonotal plasticity and cribral development in the family
Figure 6. Halolaelaps ishikawae Blaszak and Ehrnsberger Female caudal aspect with areas marked showing the posterodorsal (a) and ventral (b) cribra (derived from photo provided by C. Blaszak).
Figure 4 in A new species of Halolaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Rhodacaroidea) from beach wrack in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, with comments on opisthonotal plasticity and cribral development in the family
Figure 4. (A) Halolaelaps hatfieldi sp. nov. Venter of protonymph. (B–D) H. (Saprogamasellus) sp. (Oregon). Female. (B) Opisthonotal shield. (C) Detail of posterodorsal cribrum. (D) Anal shield showing marginal postanal cribrum. (E) Saprosecans sp. (Oregon). Female Posteroventral aspect showing postanal and posteromarginal cribra.
Figure 3 in A new species of Halolaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Rhodacaroidea) from beach wrack in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, with comments on opisthonotal plasticity and cribral development in the family
Figure 3. Halolaelaps hatfieldi sp. nov. (A) Male venter. (B, C) Deutonymph. (B) Dorsum. (C) Venter. (D) Dorsum of protonymph. (E, F) H. (Halolaelaps) sp. (Oregon) Female. (E) Anal shield, showing postanal cribrum. (F) Posterior aspect of opisthonotal shield, showing marginal posterodorsal cribrum.
Figure 1 in A new species of Halolaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Rhodacaroidea) from beach wrack in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, with comments on opisthonotal plasticity and cribral development in the family
Figure 1. Halolaelaps hatfieldi sp. nov. Female. (A) Dorsum. (B) Venter.. (C) Femur, genu and tibia II. (D) Typical filiform dorsal seta. (E) Chelicera. (F) Gnathotectum.
Figure 2 in A new species of Halolaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Rhodacaroidea) from beach wrack in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, with comments on opisthonotal plasticity and cribral development in the family
Figure 2. Halolaelaps hatfieldi sp. nov. (A, B) Female. (A) Posterior aspect of opisthonotal shield, with detail of cribral spicules. (B) Venter of gnathosoma. (C–H) Male. (C) Dorsum. (D) Leg I, lateroventral aspect. (E) Femur and genu II, lateral aspect. (F) Ornamentation of seta Z4 (top) and Z5 (bottom) [Z4 (top) and Z5 (bottom)] (G) Hypostomatic seta h1. (H) Chelicera.
Beach wrack ecology at Crystal Cove State Park
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