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257 results for “writing”

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zenodo48/100

Selected data(s) from : Femtosecond direct laser writing of silver clusters in phosphate glasses for x-ray spatially-resolved dosimetry

<p>The data selected is based on the figures below, published in the linked article (see the doi).</p> <p><strong>- Figure 1.</strong> Microscopy fluorescence image of ARGOi glass sample (excitation at 365 nm) of laser-inscribed structures for the different writing irradiances at two different depths: (<strong>a</strong>) structures at 150 &micro;m below the glass front surface, (<strong>b</strong>) structures at 550 &micro;m below the glass front surface, and at 150 &micro;m from the glass rear surface. <strong>(Only picture)</strong></p> <p>- <strong>Figure 2.</strong> (<strong>a</strong>) Transparent color before irradiation (ARGO glass sample), (<strong>b</strong>) yellow color after X-ray irradiation with 222 Gy (ARGO* glass sample). <strong>(Only picture)</strong></p> <p><strong>- </strong> <strong>Figure 3.</strong> (<strong>a</strong>) Absorption spectra of the ARGO and ARGO* glass sample after various X-ray doses and the difference absorption coefficient spectrum for 222 Gy vs. pristine. (<strong>b</strong>) Fit of the radiation-induced spectrum (difference between 222 Gy and pristine) considering Gaussian energy contributions for ARGO and ARGO*. (<strong>c</strong>) Absorption spectra for the GPN and GPN* glasses for X-ray doses from 5 mGy to 3 kGy [<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/3/110/htm#B39-chemosensors-10-00110">39</a>]. (<strong>d</strong>) The difference absorption coefficient spectra between different doses conditions for GPN and GPN* [<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/3/110/htm#B39-chemosensors-10-00110">39</a>]. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure3_2022-03-03_V01. <strong>Figure 3</strong></li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure3_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>wavelength, effective absorption coefficient (cm-1)</strong></li> </ol> <p>- <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Micro-luminescence of GPN* glass performed on the optically polished glass side: (<strong>a</strong>) integrated fluorescence intensity at different depths, (<strong>b</strong>) normalized spectrum evolution with depth for the 500 Gy dose [<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/3/110/htm#B39-chemosensors-10-00110">39</a>]. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure4_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 4</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure4_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas</li> </ol> <p>- <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Estimated depth-dependent profiles in absolute values of the linear absorption coefficient at 405 nm. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure5_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 5</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure5_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>sample depth (mm) ; scaled linear absorption coefficient profile at 405 nm (mm-1)</strong></li> </ol> <p>- <strong>Figure 6.</strong> (<strong>a</strong>) X-ray energy spectra simulated by SpekPy for each irradiation facility, normalized by integral. (<strong>b</strong>) Geant4-simulated dose inside each sample, normalized by the surface dose; filled areas show uncertainties at 95% confidence. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure6_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 6</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure6_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>ARGO 100KV_dose ; GPN-20KV_dose ; GPN-32KV_dose</strong></li> </ol> <p>- <strong>Figure 7.</strong> Radio-photoluminescence measurement of the GPNi* glass for the inscribed structure [<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/3/110/htm#B39-chemosensors-10-00110">39</a>]. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure7_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 7</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure7_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>wavelength ; relative intensity a.u.</strong></li> </ol> <p>- <strong>Figure 8.</strong> Normalized RPL spectra excited at 325 nm: (<strong>a</strong>) for the ARGO (pristine&mdash;right axis) and ARGO* (X-ray irradiation at 222 Gy&mdash;left axis) glasses collected around 150 &micro;m below the surface, (<strong>b</strong>,<strong>c</strong>) for the highest DLW irradiance structure for ARGOi and ARGOi* in the front- and the rear-inscribed surfaces, respectively. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure8_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 8</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure8_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>inscribed glass...</strong></li> </ol> <p>- <strong>Figure 9.</strong> (<strong>a</strong>) Differential linear absorption coefficient of the laser-inscribed structures (11 TW/cm<sup>2</sup>) for the two planes after irradiation at 222 Gy X-ray dose in the ARGOi* glass sample. (<strong>b</strong>) Average differential absorption of the inscribed structures for all DLW irradiance (as from <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/3/110/htm#fig_body_display_chemosensors-10-00110-f009">Figure 9</a>a). (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure9_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 9</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure9_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>integrated differential linear absoprtion percentage ; irradiance (TW/cm2)</strong></li> </ol> <p>- <strong>Figure 10.</strong> (<strong>a</strong>) Phase image under white light illumination of the laser inscribed structure (11 TW/cm<sup>2</sup>) before irradiation. (<strong>b</strong>) Optical path difference determined from the phase image. (<strong>c</strong>) The refractive index modification &Delta;<em>n</em> as a function of laser irradiance before/after 222 Gy-dose for the two planes in ARGOi, ARGOi* glass sample. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure10_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 10</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure10_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>refractive index modification ; irradiance (TW/cm2), Error bar</strong></li> </ol> <p><strong>- Figure 11.</strong> Comparison between calculated and measured &Delta;<em>n</em>&circ; after irradiation for a decrease in the initial value of <em>N</em><em>&alpha;</em>3 by 0.48%: (<strong>a</strong>,<strong>c</strong>) the real part &Delta;<em>n</em> for the front and rear surfaces, respectively; (<strong>b</strong>,<strong>d</strong>) their imaginary counterparts &Delta;<em>&kappa;</em>, respectively. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure11_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 11</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure11_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>rear surface...</strong></li> </ol> <p><strong>- Figure 12.</strong> Integrated measure of the amplitude of fluorescence intensity for the different laser irradiance before and after 222 Gy-dose for the two planes in ARGOi and ARGOi* glass sample. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure12_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 12</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure12_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>integrated measure of&nbsp; the amplitude of fluorescence intensity ; Irradiance (TW/cm2) ; Error bar </strong></li> </ol> <p><strong>- Figure 13.</strong> (<strong>a</strong>) Composite FLIM and fluorescence intensity microscopy images of the laser-induced structure (11 TW/cm<sup>2</sup>) before and after irradiation for an emission at 425 nm from the front surface; the color-code represents the mean lifetime obtained by FAST-FLIM algorithm (color scale from 0 to 31 ns); inset: luminescence intensity only (grey-scale from 0 to 45 counts). (<strong>b</strong>) Same composite FLIM and luminescence intensity images for an emission at 510 nm. (<strong>c</strong>) Luminescence decays in arbitrary units for the emission at 425 nm of the same structure before and after irradiation for the two surfaces, and fitting curves thereof using three exponential decay functions. (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure13_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 13</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure13_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units) ; time (ms)</strong></li> </ol> <p>- <strong>Figure 14.</strong> Dose-dependent evolution of the amplitude ratio of extracted spectral bands for (<strong>a</strong>) the GPNi* glass sample for DLW irradiance of 13.4 TW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 160 &micro;m below the glass surface, (<strong>b</strong>) the ARGOi and ARGOi* glass sample for DLW irradiance of 11 TW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 550 &micro;m below the glass surface (rear surface). (<strong>Picture, xls datas</strong>)</p> <ol> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure14_2022-03-03_V01. Figure 14</li> <li>ANR_ ARCHIFLUO_ICMCB_Article_Chemosensors _Figure14_Datas_2022-03-03_V01. Datas : <strong>ratio of amplitudes of spectral bands ; doses (gy)</strong>.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →
zenodo44/100

FIGURE 1 from conference paper AIP Proceedings 2145 "Solid state synthesis of CdS quantum dots through laser direct writing"

<p>FIGURE 1 of the conference paper &quot;Solid state synthesis of CdS quantum dots through laser direct writing&quot;</p>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →
zenodo44/100

FIGURE 4 from conference paper AIP Proceedings 2145 "Solid state synthesis of CdS quantum dots through laser direct writing"

<p>The dataset includes two files: the word file describe the type of sample and the procedures used to pick up the data; the excel file includes&nbsp;the raw&nbsp;data used to obtain the plots of figure 4.</p> <p>in the following is reported the description of figure 4 as wrote in the paper.</p> <p>PL emission of CdDBX QDs synthetized with single pulses at 355 nm, 10 ps and pulse energy varied between 4.67 to 7.6 &mu;J. (a), (b) and (c) are respectively the emission in blue, green and red range as defined in methodology. Graph (d) shows the change of the ratio between the red and green emission from the same points.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →
zenodo44/100

FIGURE 5 from conference paper AIP Proceedings 2145 "Solid state synthesis of CdS quantum dots through laser direct writing"

<p>The dataset contains two files: the word file describe the type of sample examined and the procedure used to obtain the DOIs used to obtain the plots. The second file is the excel file that includes the raw data used to obtain the plots reported in the figure 5 of the paper.</p> <p>In the following is reported the description of figure 5 as written in the paper:</p> <p>PL emission of CdDBX QDs synthetized with scanlines at 355 nm, 10 ps overlapping pulse of about 99.5% and</p> <p>pulse energy varied between 4.67 to 7.6 &mu;J. (a), (b) and (c) are respectively the emission in blue, green and red range as defined</p> <p>in methodology. Graph (d) shows the change of the ratio between the red and green emission from the same point. Point &ldquo;X&rdquo; is</p> <p>censored and not used to fit the model.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →
zenodo44/100

Nursing Assignment Help | Best Writing Service By Experts

<p>Students enrolled in nursing degree and diploma programs at Australian universities find writing nursing assignments challenging and seek <a href="https://www.globalassignmenthelp.com.au/nursing-assignment-help">Nursing assignment writing services</a> in Australia.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →
zenodo44/100

Supporting information of paper "Direct Laser Writing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers Oriented by a Horizontal Electric Field"

<p>This dataset contains&nbsp;the <em>underlying data </em>and the <em>extended data </em>for the paper&nbsp;&ldquo;Direct Laser Writing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers Oriented by a Horizontal Electric Field&rdquo;, submitted&nbsp;&nbsp;for consideration and open review in Open Research Europe.</p> <p>In the follow the description of the files is reported:</p> <p><strong>Underlying_data_Surce_Images.zip</strong>&nbsp;It contains the source original microscopy image&nbsp;files used for assembling final paper Figures (1-5), enclosed in the main text. List and pictures&#39; information are reported in the file &quot;Source Picture Description.txt&quot;&nbsp;included in the zip.</p> <p><strong>SIVideo_LCAlignment.avi&nbsp;</strong>- [Supporting VideoZ1] showing the response of the unpolymerized mesogens to an electric field of 1.7 V/&micro;m</p> <p><strong>SIVideo_NailActuation.wmv</strong>&nbsp;- [Supporting VideoZ2] showing the thermally activated actuation of a LCE nail microstructure upon several rt-75 &deg;C cycles.</p> <p><strong>SIVideo_SimulationCube.gif</strong>&nbsp;- [Supporting VideoZ3] Video showing a simulation of the actuation of a LCE microcube upon heating.</p> <p><strong>SIVideo_SimuulationNail.gif</strong>&nbsp;- [Supporting VideoZ4] - Video showing a simulation of the actuation of a LCE micronail upon heating.</p> <p><strong>ImageZ1.png -&nbsp;</strong>[Supporting Figure Z1] Simulation of the distribution of the electric field generated by flat electrode, view along the plane (cross section) with magnification of the central part of the working field.</p> <p><strong>ImageZ2.png</strong>&nbsp;- [Supporting Figure Z2] - Photographs and thermal images of a LCE film obtained using a resin formulation identical to that employed in DLW on identical substrates that show the thermal response.&nbsp;Top: photograph of LCE films obtained by UV polymerization of a 7:3 LC-MA:LC-DA mixture over interdigitated flat ITO electrodes with an applied DC voltage. Upon heating with an infrared lamp (right column) the film bends and shortens. Middle: images acquired with a thermocamera highlighting the actuation temperature. Bottom: control LCE film polymerized as casted (without electric field).</p> <p><strong>ImageZ3.png</strong>&nbsp;- [Supporting Figure Z3] - a) Optical microscopy images of a double-cantilever acquired through perpendicularly oriented polarizes placed at 45&deg; with respect to the applied electric field. b) Example of thermally responsive actuation via a comparison of images recorded at room temperature (upper) and at 70 &deg;C (bottom).</p> <p><strong>Simulations.zip -&nbsp;</strong>Comsol (Version 5.6) source simulation files for&nbsp;LCE microcube and&nbsp;LCE micronail upon heating, and for the electric field&nbsp;electric generated by flat electrode in experimental conditions. Complete Report file in PDF is also available, containing all the parameters and equations&nbsp;used for simulation. Finally, the simulation results are provided as text .csv files.</p> <p><strong>Files_Blender_LCE.zip</strong>&nbsp;- Blender (Version 2.93) source file (&ldquo;.blend&rdquo;) for microstructure fabrication and generated surface &ldquo;.stl&rdquo; files, including cube, nail, cantilever and pyramid geometries.</p> <p><strong>Cube Describe.zip </strong>- Example of DeScribe software output files containing all needed parameters used for printing cubes, generated starting from &ldquo;cube.stl&rdquo; file. Other geometries have been realised using the same writing parameters starting from appropriate &ldquo;.stl&rdquo; file.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →
zenodo44/100

5D-NP-MATER_MDO - Open Dataset for "Novel, High-Resolution, Subtractive Photoresist Formulations for 3D Direct Laser Writing Based on Cyclic Ketene Acetals"

<p>This is the open dataset for the paper: &quot;Marco Carlotti*, Omar Tricinci, Virgilio Mattoli*, Novel, High-Resolution, Subtractive Photoresist Formulations for 3D Direct Laser Writing based on Cyclic Ketene Acetals, Advanced Materials Technologies, On line (2022) [DOI: 10.1002/admt.202101590] &quot;</p> <p>This include the Supplementary Information file (&quot;SI.pdf&quot;) , all the source material used for the paper preparation and more.&nbsp;</p> <p>For each folder (sub-dataset) there is a corresponding readme file describing the content and including metadata.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →
zenodo44/100

TriGraphSlant - benchmark set for writer identification - writers were asked to write in unnatural slant

<p>&nbsp;<br> Disclaimer and terms of use:<br> ============================<br> &nbsp;<br> /*****************************************************************************\<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; This is the TrigraphSlant (Img version) Distribution, release 18/3/2011&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; This distribution contains 188 images of scanned handwritten text,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; scanned at resolution 300dpi Canon LiDE 25, grey scale,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; by 47 Dutch writers, four pages per writer, from four&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; writing conditions, one condition per page. The conditions are:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. [AN] Copy text A in your natural handwriting.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. [BN] Copy text B in your natural handwriting.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. [BL] Copy text B and slant your handwriting to the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; left as much as possible.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. [BR] Copy text B and slant your handwriting to the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; right as much as possible.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; The codes AN, BN, BL and BR refer to subsets into which the collected&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; pages of the writers were subdivided. AN represents a collection of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; authentic documents; BN, BL and BR can be seen as collections of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; questioned documents. To avoid structural effects of fatigue, the order&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; of item 3 and 4 was randomized at each collection: half of the subjects&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; wrote the BR page before the BL page. The data were collected at three&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; sites, in three cities: The Hague: NFI (N...), Donders Institute for&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen (D...)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; and the Artificial Intelligence Dept. of University of Groningen (R...)&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp; Copyright The International Unipen Foundation, 2010, All rights reserved&nbsp; *<br> *******************************************************************************<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp; DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE FOR ALL DATA CONTAINED ON THIS CARRIER:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp; 1) PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO USE THE DATA FOR RESEARCH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PURPOSES. IT IS NOT ALLOWED TO DISTRIBUTE THIS DATA FOR COMMERCIAL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PURPOSES.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp; 2) PROVIDER GIVES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND AND ANY&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR PURPOSE ARE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DISCLAIMED.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp; 3) PROVIDER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY USE OF THIS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DATA.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp; 4) THE USER SHOULD REFER TO THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE ON THIS DATA SET:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> * A.A. Brink, R.M.J. Niels, R.A. van Batenburg, C.E. van den Heuvel,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> * L.R.B. Schomaker, Towards robust writer verification by correcting&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> * unnatural slant, Pattern Recognition Letters, Volume 32, Issue 3,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> * 1 February 2011, Pages 449-457, ISSN 0167-8655,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> * DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2010.10.010.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp; 5) THE RECIPIENT SHOULD REFRAIN FROM PROLIFERATING THE DATA SET TO THIRD&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp; PARTIES EXTERNAL TO HIS/HER LOCAL RESEARCH GROUP. PLEASE REFER INTERESTED&nbsp; *<br> *&nbsp; RESEARCHERS TO HTTP://UNIPEN.ORG FOR OBTAINING THEIR OWN COPY.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<br> \*****************************************************************************/<br> &nbsp;<br> Abstract<br> &nbsp;<br> Towards robust writer verification by correcting unnatural slant<br> &nbsp;<br> A.A. Brink, , R.M.J. Niels, R.A. van Batenburg, C.E. van den Heuvel,&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> and L.R.B. Schomaker, &nbsp;<br> &nbsp;<br> a Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering (ALICE), &nbsp;<br> &nbsp; University of Groningen, P.O. Box 407, 9700 AK Groningen, The Netherlands<br> &nbsp; &nbsp;<br> b Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, &nbsp;<br> &nbsp; P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands<br> &nbsp; &nbsp;<br> c Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA Den Haag, The Netherlands<br> &nbsp;<br> Received 11 September 2009.&nbsp; Available online 30 October 2010.<br> &nbsp;<br> Slant is a salient feature of Western handwriting and it is considered to be an<br> important writer-specific feature. In disguised handwriting however, slant is<br> often modified. It was tested whether slant is indeed an important factor and it<br> was tested whether the distorting effect of deliberate slant change can be<br> countered by a simple shear transform. This was done in two off-line writer<br> verification experiments in image processing conditions of slant elimination and<br> slant correction. The experiments were performed using three features based on<br> statistical pattern recognition, including the state-of-the-art features<br> Fraglets and Hinge. A new public dataset was created and used, containing<br> natural and slanted handwriting by 47 writers. A striking result is that the<br> average natural slant value is much less important for biometric systems than is<br> usually assumed: eliminating slant yields just a 1-5% performance loss. A<br> second result is that the effects of deliberate slant change cannot be fully<br> countered by a simple shear transform: it raises performance on the distorted<br> handwriting from 53-68% to 64-90%, but this is still lower than normal<br> operation on natural handwriting: 97-100%.<br> &nbsp;<br> Research highlights<br> - The value of slant as a writer identification feature has been overrated. &nbsp;<br> - Deliberate slant change can be partly countered by the shear transform. &nbsp;<br> - Deliberate slant change introduces non-affine distortions to the handwriting. &nbsp;<br> - A new dataset of deliberately slanted handwriting was introduced.<br> &nbsp;<br> Keywords: Handwriting biometrics; Writer verification; Slant; Disguise; Statistical<br> pattern recognition</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2011View details →
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Edward FitzGerald Life and Letters – Analysis of writing and reading

<p>These files form part of an archive of research material relating to the Life and Letters of Edward FitzGerald.&nbsp; The data have been compiled by independent researchers W H (Bill) Martin and Sandra Mason;&nbsp; their contact details are below.&nbsp; The files comprise a number of searchable listings of information contained in FitzGerald&rsquo;s letters.&nbsp; The information formed input to a book on Edward FitzGerald which is referenced below.</p> <p>This section of the archive contains a database, <em>efgliterature</em>, which analyses the letters in terms of their comments on FitzGerald&rsquo;s writings and the books and other material that he read.&nbsp; It also shows the dating of the letters, the people to whom FitzGerald wrote, and his location at the time of writing. &nbsp;The letters are those contained in the collection published by A M Terhune and A B Terhune in 1980 &ndash; see reference below. The database contains all the letters published by the Terhunes, including some which have no literary references.&nbsp; An&nbsp;&nbsp;explanatory README text file contains a table showing the fields included in the database&nbsp;and giving definitions of them and of the codings used where relevant.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2019View details →
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Graph 4: Publication Types for Heiner Müller's Writings 1978-1988

<p>Graph 4 shows the publication types that Heiner M&uuml;ller used to publish his writing in the years from 1978-1988.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Graph 2: Publication Type and Venue of Heiner Müller's Writings

<p>This graph shows the different publication types and publication venues that Heiner M&uuml;ller used to publish his writings (essays, articles, speeches, etc.) from 1968 until 1998.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Graph 3: Publication Types for Heiner Müller's Writings 1967–1977

<p>Graph 3 shows the publication types that Heiner M&uuml;ller used to publish his writing in the years from 1967&ndash;1977.</p>

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Graph 5: Publication Types for Heiner Müller's Writings 1989-1998.

<p>Graph 5 shows the publication types that Heiner M&uuml;ller used to publish his writing in the years from 1989-1998.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Dataset Graph 2: Publication Type and Venue of Heiner Müller's Writings

<p>Dataset for Graph 2. Data collected based on the Heiner M&uuml;ller Werkausgabe.</p> <p>Graph 2 shows the different publication types and publication venues that Heiner M&uuml;ller used to publish his writings (essays, articles, speeches, etc.) from 1968 until 1998.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Test film for Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis

<p>This film is associated with the following article:<br> Title: <strong>Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis</strong><br> Authors:&nbsp;Mladen Popović, Maruf A. Dhali, Lambert Schomaker, Johannes van der Plicht, Kaare Lund Rasmussen, Jacopo La Nasa, Ilaria Degano, Maria Perla Colombini,&nbsp;and Eibert Tigchelaar<br> <em>(under review)</em></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>This film is made for the ERC project:<br> The Hands that Wrote the Bible: Digital Palaeography and Scribal Culture of the Dead Sea Scrolls<br> PI: Mladen Popović<br> Grant agreement ID: 640497<br> Project website:&nbsp;<a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/640497">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/640497</a><br> Videographer:&nbsp;<a href="https://videobrouwers.nl/">https://videobrouwers.nl/</a></p> <p><strong>Copyright (c)&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;University of Groningen, 2023. All rights reserved.<br> <strong>Disclaimer and copyright notice for&nbsp;this&nbsp;file:</strong></p> <p><strong>1)</strong>&nbsp;permission is hereby granted to use the video for research purposes. It is not allowed to distribute this video for commercial purposes.</p> <p><strong>2)&nbsp;</strong>provider gives no express or implied warranty of any kind, and any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for purpose are disclaimed.</p> <p><strong>3)&nbsp;</strong>provider shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of any use of this video.</p> <p><strong>4)&nbsp;</strong>the user should refer to the first public article mentioned above in this video.</p> <p><strong>5)&nbsp;</strong>the recipient should refrain from proliferating the video&nbsp;to third parties external to his/her local research group. Please refer interested researchers to this site to obtain their own copy.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Film description:</strong><br> A test was conducted on 6 July 2021. The test consisted of giving unseen <sup>14</sup>C results to the AI experts to see whether Enoch (date prediction model) would give date prediction estimates that match the <sup>14</sup>C results. However, at the start of the test, it was unknown to the AI experts that the samples were chosen because&nbsp;<sup>14</sup>C results were available for them.&nbsp;The <sup>14</sup>C results were taken from the 1990s <sup>14</sup>C dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls [1,2]. The assumption was that the manuscripts chosen were not contaminated with castor oil as these manuscripts were not handled by the original team of editors in the 1950s [3,4,5]. This applies to 1QIsa<sup>a</sup>, 1QpHab, 1QapGen, 1QS, 1QH<sup>a</sup>, 11Q19, Mas1l.&nbsp;Two more manuscripts were added for other reasons. 4Q53 was added because scholars assume that it was written by the same scribe as 1QS. 4Q319 was added because it is actually the same manuscript as 4Q259 [6], which was subjected to <sup>14</sup>C dating by our own project.&nbsp;The test was filmed. The film captures the whole process that was conducted in one go.</p> <p><strong>If you have any questions, please get in touch with us:</strong><br> Mladen Popović &lt;m.popovic(at)rug.nl&gt;<br> Maruf A. Dhali &lt;m.a.dhali(at)rug.nl&gt;<br> Lambert Schomaker &lt;l.r.b.schomaker(at)rug.nl&gt;</p> <p><strong>References:</strong><br> <em>1.Bonani, G., Ivy, S., W&ouml;lfli, W., Broshi, M., Carmi, I., &amp; Strugnell, J. (1992). Radiocarbon dating of fourteen Dead Sea scrolls.&nbsp;Radiocarbon,&nbsp;34(3), 843-849.<br> 2.&nbsp;Jull, A. T., Donahue, D. J., Broshi, M., &amp; Tov, E. (1995). Radiocarbon dating of scrolls and linen fragments from the Judean desert. Radiocarbon, 37(1), 11-19.<br> 3.&nbsp;Doudna, G., Flint, P. W., &amp; VanderKam, J. C. (1998). Dating the Scrolls on the basis of radiocarbon analysis.&nbsp;The Dead Sea scrolls after fifty years. A comprehensive assessment. Volume one,&nbsp;1, 430-471.<br> 4.&nbsp;Carmi, I. (2002). Are the 14C dates of the Dead Sea Scrolls affected by castor oil contamination? Radiocarbon, 44(1), 213-216.<br> 5.&nbsp;Rasmussen, K. L., van der Plicht, J., Doudna, G., Nielsen, F., H&oslash;jrup, P., Stenby, E. H., &amp; Pedersen, C. T. (2009). The effects of possible contamination on the radiocarbon dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls II: empirical methods to remove castor oil and suggestions for redating. Radiocarbon, 51(3), 1005-1022.<br> 6.&nbsp;Hempel, C. (2020). The Community Rules from Qumran: A Commentary (Vol. 183). Mohr Siebeck.</em></p>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →
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Data for: Improving Kieker's Scalability by Employing Linked Read-Optimized and Write-Optimized NoSQL Storage

<p>We show, how polyglot persistence increase Kieker&#39;s scalability by employing separate read-optimized and write-optimized noSQL storage. For this purpose we extended Kieker to store its monitoring output in Apache Cassandra , which is a write-optimized wide-column noSQL database. For the analysis of the generated monitoring output we are using ElasticSearch, a read-optimized document store noSQL storage. We are interlinking read-optimized and write-optimized noSQL storage within our Regression Benchmarking Execution Environment (RBEE). To ensure scalability we are employing a container infrastructure. The mentioned noSQL storages and the linker are operating within one single Docker container which scales horizontally.</p> <p>For generating reference values, we instrumented a Java SE application with Kieker&#39;s file system writer and measured throughput and method&#39;s execution times. Consecutively, we instrumented the same Java SE application with our Apache Cassandra writer and measured throughput and method&#39;s execution time. Finally, we compared measurement results of Kieker&#39;s file system writer with the measurement results of our Apache Cassandra writer.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2016View details →
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Pilot study: Ranking of textual snippets based on the writing style

<p>In this pilot study, we tried to capture humans' behavior when identifying authorship of text snippets. At first, we selected textual snippets from the introduction of scientific articles written by single authors. Later, we presented to the evaluators a source and four target snippets, and then, ask them to rank the target snippets from the most to the least similar from the writing style.</p> <p>The dataset is composed by 66 experiments manually checked for not having any clear hint during the ranking for the evaluators. For each experiment, we have evaluations from three different evaluators.</p> <p>We present each experiment in a single line (in the CSV file), where, at first we present the metadata of the Source-Article (Journal, Title, Authorship, Snippet), and the metadata for the 4 target snippets (Journal, Title, Authorship, Snippet, Written From the same Author, Published in the same Journal) and the ranking given by each evaluator. This task was performed in the open source platform, Crowd Flower. </p> <p>The headers of the CSV are self-explained. In the TXT file, you can find a human-readable version of the experiment. </p> <p>For more information about the extraction of the data, please consider reading our paper: "Extending Scientific Literature Search by Including the Author’s Writing Style" @BIR: http://www.gesis.org/en/services/events/events-archive/conferences/ecir-workshops/ecir-workshop-2017 </p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →
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Artifact description: CloverLeaf on Intel Multi-Core CPUs: A Case Study in Write-Allocate Evasion

<p>In this paper we analyze the MPI-only version of the CloverLeaf code from the SPEChpc 2021 benchmark suite on recent Intel Xeon "Ice Lake" and "Sapphire Rapids" server CPUs. We observe peculiar breakdowns in performance when the number of processes is prime. Investigating this effect, we create first-principles data traffic models for each of the stencil-like hotspot loops. With application measurements and microbenchmarks to study memory data traffic behavior, we can connect the breakdowns to SpecI2M, a new write-allocate evasion feature in current Intel CPUs. For serial and full-node cases we are able to predict the memory data volume analytically with an error of a few percent. We find that if the number of processes is prime, SpecI2M fails to work properly, which we can attribute to short inner loops emerging from the one-dimensional domain decomposition in this case. We can also rule out other possible causes of the prime number effect, such as breaking layer conditions, MPI communication overhead, and load imbalance.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →
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Dead Sea Scrolls data collection (images, labels, prediction plots) for dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis

<p>The dataset&nbsp;is associated with the following article:<br>Title: <strong>Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis</strong><br>Authors:&nbsp;Mladen Popović, Maruf A. Dhali, Lambert Schomaker, Johannes van der Plicht, Kaare Lund Rasmussen, Jacopo La Nasa, Ilaria Degano, Maria Perla Colombini,&nbsp;and Eibert Tigchelaar<br><em>(Under review)</em></p> <p>This data set is collected for the ERC project:<br>The Hands that Wrote the Bible: Digital Palaeography and Scribal Culture of the Dead Sea Scrolls<br>PI: Mladen Popović<br>Grant agreement ID: 640497<br>Project website: <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/640497">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/640497</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Copyright (c)&nbsp;</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp;University of Groningen, 2024. All rights reserved.<br><strong>Disclaimer and copyright notice for all data contained on the&nbsp;*.tar.gz files:</strong></p> <p><strong>1)</strong>&nbsp;permission is hereby granted to use the data for research purposes. It is not allowed to distribute this data for commercial purposes.</p> <p><strong>2)&nbsp;</strong>provider gives no express or implied warranty of any kind, and any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for purpose are disclaimed.</p> <p><strong>3)&nbsp;</strong>provider shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of any use of this data.</p> <p><strong>4)&nbsp;</strong>the user should refer to the first public article mentioned above on this data set.</p> <p><strong>5)&nbsp;</strong>the recipient should refrain from proliferating the data set to third parties external to his/her local research group. Please refer interested researchers to this site to obtain their own copy.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Organization of the data:<br></strong><em>(Update on 19 April 2024: OxCal data for accepted 2-sigma ranges are updated with the incusion and exclusion of minor peaks. New prediction plots are added after the model is trained with accepted 2-sigma ranges, including minor peaks. The old plots are also kept.&nbsp;<br><br>&lt;OLD Updates below; disregard&gt;<br>updated on 07-Feb-2024: OxCal data for selected ranges added in a new directory in addition to previously available original OxCal data. Enoch's prediction plots and test images are reorganized for easy access to the users.<br>&lt;OLD Updates above; disregard&gt;<br><br>Please use the files from this version and disregard the previous two versions: 10.5281/zenodo.10629480 and 10.5281/zenodo.8168210)</em></p> <p>There are four *.tar.gz files:</p> <p><em><strong>C14-Oxcal-data-updated.tar.gz</strong></em> contains one directory with radiocarbon data (OxCal [1] raw data) for all 30 manuscripts. Three additional directories contain name-corrected files for original OxCal data, files with accepted ranges, and files with accepted ranges including minor peaks. Please refer to the original article for details about OxCal data and the manuscripts. 25 out of 30 raw OxCal data are used (accepted ranges only) as the training labels during the training of Enoch, the date prediction model.</p> <p><em><strong>train-images-c14.tar.gz</strong></em> contains the clean and preprocessed (binarized, aligned, and arrangement corrected) training images for the 25&nbsp;radiocarbon-dated training manuscripts (including 4Q52; 64 images in total).&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>test-images-all.tar.gz</strong></em> contains the clean and preprocessed test images for 135 previously undated manuscripts. The images are organized in three different directories: the first one with all 359 images for the 135 manuscripts, the second one with the selected 135 images, and the final one with 25 images to illustrate the poor quality of images.&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>Enoch-prediction-new-with-minor-peaks.tar.gz</strong></em> contains the new date prediction plots for each of the 135 test images,&nbsp; where Enoch was trained with the inclusion of minor peaks for the 2-sigma accepted ranges and with a data balancing threshold of 0.05. These plots are used by expert palaeographers' evaluation of Enoch's style-based date predictions of 135 previously undated manuscripts.</p> <p><em><strong>Enoch-predictions.tar.gz</strong></em> contains the date prediction plots for each of the 135 test images. There are two directories inside the *.tar.gz file:<br><br>- <em>prediction-plots-for-selected-135:</em> Prediction plots with data balancing threshold of 0.05.&nbsp;<br>- <em>extra-plots:</em> contains four additional directories:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- <em>Enoch-predictions-c14wo4Q52-balanced05:</em> Prediction plots with data balancing threshold of 0.05.&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- <em>Enoch-predictions-c14wo4Q52-balanced10:</em> Prediction plots with data balancing threshold of 0.1.<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- <em>Enoch-predictions-c14wo4Q52-unbalanced:</em> Unbalanced raw predictions.<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- <em>Enoch-predictions-c14wo4Q52-combined:</em> Combined plots with all three prediction plots (unbalanced, 0.05, 0.1).<br>Please refer to the original article for more details.</p> <p>The updated code to run the plot is available here:&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998860">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998860</a></p> <p><strong>If you have any questions, please get in touch with us:</strong><br>Mladen Popović &lt;m.popovic(at)rug.nl&gt;<br>Maruf A. Dhali &lt;m.a.dhali(at)rug.nl&gt;<br>Lambert Schomaker &lt;l.r.b.schomaker(at)rug.nl&gt;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>References:</strong><br>1.&nbsp;Bronk Ramsey, C. (2001). Development of the radiocarbon calibration program.&nbsp;<em>Radiocarbon</em>,&nbsp;<em>43</em>(2A), 355-363.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →
zenodo40/100

Chinese Calligraphy Reproduction Dataset with Writes' Trait EI

<p>This is a dataset of Chinese calligraphy reproductions, with 605 reference characters and 48,826 reproduced characters. The excel file contains the correspondence between reference characters and reproducedcharacters. In addition, it contains information about the writer's emotional intelligence. The dataset can be used to predict the writer's trait emotional intelligence from calligraphy reproduction.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.

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Allen Brain Atlas

Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.

allen-brain-atlas
neuroscienceopenDocumentation, web resources, and API references are available online.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)

ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.

abode-home-cage
behavioral-neuroscienceopenThe DataShare record exposes download links for annotations, documentation, license text, and the zipped per-snippet data directory.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

DANDI Archive for NWB datasets

DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.

dandi-nwb
electrophysiologyopenPublished Dandiset metadata and archive endpoints are available through the production DANDI API.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

International Brain Laboratory public data

The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.

ibl
behavioral-neuroscienceopenPublic sessions can be searched and loaded from the IBL public data server through ONE.
Last verified 2026-04-29Open record

OpenNeuro

OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.

openneuro
neuroscienceopenPublished datasets are available on demand over the internet.
Last verified 2026-04-29Open record

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Your academic CV and NIH biosketch

Make your CV in your school's format and your NIH biosketch from it, then download both as Word files.