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24 results for “young forest”
Net Carbon Exchange of a Young Upper-Slope Deciduous Forest at Harvard Forest LPH Tower 2002-2010
This data set contains sensible heat exchange, water vapor exchange and carbon exchange as well as environmental data for a deciduous forest dominated by red oak (Quercus rubra). It is 1.1 km WNW of the EMS tower where continuous eddy covariance measurements began in 1992 (see HF004). The High Deciduous site is about 385 m a.s.l., or 35 m higher in elevation than the EMS, which is situated in a relatively low area near a stream. The forest near this eddy covariance tower is broadly similar in species composition to the EMS site, but it is younger and shorter in stature. The site was cleared for pasture, but not deeply plowed or planted, in the 18th and19th centuries. Agriculture on the site was abandoned near the end of the 19th century. The forest within 200 to 300 m of the eddy covariance tower to the NW, W, SW, and S burned in an intense fire in 1957, which left few or no surviving trees.
Young forests and fire: Using lidar-imagery fusion to explore fuels and burn severity in a subalpine forest reburn, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming.
Anticipating fire behavior as climate change and fire activity accelerate is an increasingly pressing management challenge in fire-prone landscapes. In subalpine forests adapted to infrequent, stand-replacing fire, self-limitation of burn severity in short-interval fire is incompletely understood. Spatially explicit fuels data can support assessments of landscape-scale fire risk and fuels feedbacks on burn severity. For a about 1,450 km2 largely forested landscape in the US Northern Rocky Mountains, we used airborne lidar and imagery to predict and map canopy and surface fuels. In a fire that burned mature ( greater than 125-year-old) and also reburned young (~30-year-old) subalpine forest, we then asked: (1) How do pre-fire fuels and burn severity compare between young and mature forests that burned under similar fire weather conditions? (2) How well do pre-fire fuels and forest structure predict burn severity under extreme versus moderate fire weather? Lidar-imagery fusion predicted fuel characteristics with high accuracy across forest and shrubland vegetation (R2 from 0.65-0.95). Young post-fire forests had abundant, densely packed canopy fuels, and both young and mature forests had similar canopy fuel loads and coarse wood biomass. Under similar weather conditions, young and mature forests burned at similar severity. Overall, fuels were weak predictors of burn severity and, surprisingly, better predicted severity under extreme (R2LMM(m) = 0.27) rather than moderate (R2LMM(m) = 0.15) fire weather. Our findings are relevant for subalpine landscapes increasingly dominated by young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests vulnerable to short-interval fire and provide a benchmark to assess how fuels influence burn severity in future fires. Fire managers should continually reassess fuels and update expectations about fire behavior as landscapes change. Although recovering post-fire forests can limit fire spread and severity for a period of time, our resu
Functional traits of young seedlings predict trade-offs in seedling performance in three neotropical forests
<ol> <li>Understanding the mechanisms that promote the coexistence of hundreds of species over small areas in tropical forest remains a challenge. Many tropical tree species are presumed to be functionally equivalent shade-tolerant species that differ in performance trade-offs between survival in shade and the ability to quickly grow in sunlight.</li> <li>Variation in plant functional traits related to resource acquisition is thought to predict variation in performance among species, perhaps explaining community assembly across habitats with gradients in resource availability. Many studies have found low predictive power, however, when linking trait measurements to species demographic rates.</li> <li>Seedlings face different challenges recruiting on the forest floor and may exhibit different traits and/or performance trade-offs than older individuals face in the eventual adult niche. Seed mass is the typical proxy for seedling success, but species also differ in cotyledon strategy (reserve vs photosynthetic) or other seedling traits. These can cause species with the same average seed mass to have divergent performance in the same habitat.</li> <li>We combined long-term studies of seedling dynamics with functional trait data collected at a standard developmental stage in three diverse neotropical forests to ask whether variation in coordinated suites of traits predicts variation among species in demographic performance.</li> <li>Across hundreds of species in Ecuador, Panama, and Puerto Rico, we found seedlings displayed correlated suites of leaf, stem, and root traits, which strongly correlated with seed mass and cotyledon strategy. Variation among species in seedling functional traits, seed mass, and cotyledon strategy were strong predictors of trade-offs in seedling growth and survival.</li> <li>Our findings highlight the importance of cotyledon strategy in addition to seed mass as a key component of seed and seedling biology. These results also underscore the importance of matching the ontogenetic stage of the trait measurement to the stage of demographic dynamics.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: With strikingly consistent patterns across three tropical forests, we find strong evidence for the promise of functional traits to provide mechanistic links between seedling form and demographic performance. </li> </ol>
Functional traits of young seedlings predict trade-offs in seedling performance in three neotropical forests
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Lichen abundance and biodiversity along a chronosequence from young managed stands to ancient forest, 1993 (Neitlich thesis)
The diversity of epiphytic lichens in old growth forests has stimulated considerable research (e.g., Howe 1978, Pike et al. 1975; Hoffman and Kazmierski 1969). We possess few data on the lichen communities of younger stands or the manner in which they develop as the forest ages. As our society grapples with the consequences of habitat loss and pressure on existing natural populations, such data are acutely needed (FEMAT 1993). This paper seeks to describe the relationship between forest age and the abundance and diversity of lichens in one region, and in doing so, to invite more rigorous assessment of the conservation needs of lichens with respect to forest management. Moveover, that documenting these patterns will facilitate research into age- related processes directly influencing lichen abundance and diversity.
Data on Trait diversity and spider community composition are associated with lower herbivory in young forest plantations
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Summary data for "Young mixed planted forests store more carbon than monocultures: a meta-analysis"
<p>This is the dataset used in "Young mixed planted forests store more carbon than monocultures: a meta-analysis" published in Frontiers in Forests & Global Change. </p><p>The dataset contains carbon or biomass data for mixed and monoculture planted forests from 21 sites with a global coverage. We provide summary data necessary to conduct a meta-analysis: mean, standard deviation, and sample size, for each unique mixed and monoculture treatment at each study site. We indicate whether the values provided are aboveground carbon or biomass.</p><p>For each treatment we also provide the species richness, age and species. We provide the longitude, latitude and country for each study site.</p><p>Our study also assessed the effect of study design (experiment vs existing plantation), species origin (native vs non-native/mixed), and presence of nitrogen fixer in the mixture (N fixer present vs absent), we record the value of each of these factors. Finally, we categorised a subset of monocultures as commercial species monocultures based on the species use in that location. </p>
Data from: Fall prescribed burns deplete surface soil C pools more than spring burns in a young mixed-conifer forest
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Non-continuous reproductive phenology of animal-dispersed species in young forest restoration plantings
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Tree species that produce resources for fauna are recommended for forest restoration plantings to attract pollinators and seed dispersers; however, information regarding the flowering and fruiting of these species during early growth stages is scarce. We evaluated the reproductive phenology of animal-dispersed tree species widely used in Atlantic Forest restoration. We marked 16 animal-dispersed tree species in 3- to 8-year-old forest restoration plantings in Itu-São Paulo, southeast Brazil. We noted the age of the first reproductive event, flowering and fruiting seasonality, percentage of trees that reached reproductive stages, and intensity of bud, flower, and fruit production for each species. Flowering and fruiting are seasonal for most species; only two, <i>Cecropia pachystachya</i> and <i>Ficus guaranitica,</i> exhibited continuous flowering and fruiting throughout the year; we also identified <i>Schinus terebinthifolia </i>and<i> Dendropanax cuneatus </i>fruiting in the dry season during resource scarcity. Therefore, we recommend all as framework species, that is, species that are animal-dispersed with early flowering and fruiting potential, for forest restoration. Further, we recommend identifying and planting similar animal-dispersed tree species that produce fruits constantly or in the dry season to maximize fauna resource availability throughout the year in tropical forest restoration plantings.</p>
FIGURE 3. Mahechadendron puntecascarillo. A. Floriferous young branches showing axillary inflorescences. B in Mahechadendron puntecascarillo (Vochysiaceae), a new genus and forest tree species from Colombia
FIGURE 3. Mahechadendron puntecascarillo. A. Floriferous young branches showing axillary inflorescences. B. Close up of inflorescences showing open flowers and flower buds. C. Branch showing bark exfoliating in thin flakes and cataphylls of former perulate buds. Photos by W. Ariza-Cortés.
Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015). in Muridae
Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015).
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
FIGURES – 8. Cylindrocystis brebissonii (2–4), apical view (3), zygospore (4); Cylindrocystis brebissonii var. turgida (5–6), variability (6); Cylindrocystis crassa (7–8), cell aggregate (8); Mesotaenium caldariorum (9); Mesotaenium chlamydosporum (10–mucilage–wrapped cells); Mesotaenium endlicherianum (11); Mesotaenium macrococcum var. minus (12); Netrium digitus (13–16), N.digitus var. latum? (14), N. digitus var. lamelosum? (15), zigospore (16); Netrium interruptum var. minor (17–18), morphological variability (18); Gonatozygon kinahani (19–20), apex detail (20); Closterium acerosum (21–22), apex detail (22); Closterium dianae var. brevius (23–25), apex detail (24), young superior semicell without thickening (25); Closterium malinvernianiforme (26–28), apex detail (27), isthmus with a girdle band (28). Scale bar 10µm (2–12, 24–25, 27–28), 50 µm (13–23); 100 µm (26). in The forgotten world of subaerial desmids (Zygnematophyceae) in the Atlantic Forest, southeast Brazil
FIGURES – 8. Cylindrocystis brebissonii (2–4), apical view (3), zygospore (4); Cylindrocystis brebissonii var. turgida (5–6), variability (6); Cylindrocystis crassa (7–8), cell aggregate (8); Mesotaenium caldariorum (9); Mesotaenium chlamydosporum (10–mucilage–wrapped cells); Mesotaenium endlicherianum (11); Mesotaenium macrococcum var. minus (12); Netrium digitus (13–16), N.digitus var. latum? (14), N. digitus var. lamelosum? (15), zigospore (16); Netrium interruptum var. minor (17–18), morphological variability (18); Gonatozygon kinahani (19–20), apex detail (20); Closterium acerosum (21–22), apex detail (22); Closterium dianae var. brevius (23–25), apex detail (24), young superior semicell without thickening (25); Closterium malinvernianiforme (26–28), apex detail (27), isthmus with a girdle band (28). Scale bar 10µm (2–12, 24–25, 27–28), 50 µm (13–23); 100 µm (26).
FIGURE 2. Anthurium atrovinosum. A–B. Leaves showing adaxially engraved veins and abaxially prominent veins. C. Young leaf. D–E. Habit. F–G. Pre-anthesis inflorescence. H in Two new species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Anthurium atrovinosum. A–B. Leaves showing adaxially engraved veins and abaxially prominent veins. C. Young leaf. D–E. Habit. F–G. Pre-anthesis inflorescence. H. Inflorescence at anthesis, with pollen grains. I. Berries. J. Inflorescence with immature fruits.
FIGURE 4. Anthurium brigadeiroense. A–B. Habit. C. Young leaf. D–F in Two new species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Anthurium brigadeiroense. A–B. Habit. C. Young leaf. D–F. Inflorescence at anthesis, with yellow pollen. G–H. Inflorescence with immature fruits. I. Ripe fruit.
Data from: Does wolf presence reduce moose browsing intensity in young forest plantations?
Large carnivores can be a key factor in shaping their ungulate prey's behavior, which may affect lower trophic levels. While most studies on trade-offs between food acquisition and risk avoidance by ungulate prey species have been conducted in areas with limited human impact, carnivores are now increasingly returning to highly anthropogenic landscapes. Many of these landscapes are dominated by forestry, and ungulate-forestry conflicts are an increasing issue. The aim of this study was to test if the indirect effects of a re-colonizing large predator, the wolf (Canis lupus), results in a change in browsing intensity by moose (Alces alces) in young forest plantations in a boreal forest in Sweden. We selected 24 different forest plantations, with 12 located in low-wolf and 12 in high-wolf utilization areas. In each plantation, we measured browsing intensity, tree height, tree density, distance to the closest forest edge and we counted the number of moose pellet groups. In contrast to our predictions, wolf utilization was not the main driver of moose browsing patterns. Instead, moose browsing intensity declined with tree density and height. Separate analyses on the main tree species showed that wolf utilization had an influence, but browsing intensity was in fact higher in the high-wolf utilization areas for three out of five tree species. This pattern seemed to be driven by a strong confounding relationship between wolf utilization, tree density and height, which were both lower in the high-wolf utilization areas. We argue that this confounding effect is due to wolves being pushed towards the less productive parts of the landscape away from human activity centers. Therefore, we concluded that in order to better understand carnivore driven risk- mediated effects on herbivore behavior in anthropogenic landscapes we need to better understand the complexity of human-carnivore-prey-ecosystem interactions.
FIGURE 5. Carapa wohllebenii. A. Shoots with leaves. B. Shoots with young leaves. C. Fruit. D in Carapa wohllebenii (Meliaceae), a new tree species from montane forests in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi
FIGURE 5. Carapa wohllebenii. A. Shoots with leaves. B. Shoots with young leaves. C. Fruit. D. Fruit opened showing seeds. Photographs: E. Fischer, Rwanda, Nyungwe National Park. A. Gisakura, 18 September 2016. B. Uwinka, 17 March 2017. C. Uwinka, 24 September 2015. D. Kamiranzovu, 11 September 2005. Scale bars: A–B. 10 cm; C–D. 5 cm.
Non-continuous reproductive phenology of animal-dispersed species in young forest restoration plantings
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Data from: Does wolf presence reduce moose browsing intensity in young forest plantations?
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Legacy forest structure increases bird diversity and abundance in aging young forests
Many studies have demonstrated the importance of early successional forest habitat for breeding bird abundance, composition, and diversity. However, very few studies directly link measures of bird diversity, composition and abundance to measures of forest composition and structure and their dynamic change over early succession. This study examines the relationships between breeding bird community composition and forest structure in regenerating broadleaf forests of southern New England, USA, separating the influences of ecological succession from retained stand structure. We conducted bird point counts and vegetation surveys across a chronosequence of forest stands, that originated between 2 and 24 years previously in shelterwood timber harvests, a silvicultural method of regenerating oak-mixed broadleaf forests. We distinguish between vegetation variables that relate to condition of forest regeneration and those that reflect legacy stand structure. Using principal components analyses we confirmed the distinction between regeneration and legacy vegetation variables. We ran regression analysis to test for relationships between bird community variables, including nesting and foraging functional guild abundances, and vegetation variables. We confirmed these relationships with hierarchical partitioning. Our results demonstrate that regenerating and legacy vegetation correlate with bird community variables across stand phases, and that the strength with which they drive bird community composition changes with forest succession. While measures of regeneration condition explain bird abundance and diversity variables during late initiation, legacy stand structure explains them during stem exclusion. Canopy cover, ground-story diversity, and canopy structure diversity are the most powerful and consistent explanatory variables. Our results suggest that leaving varied legacy stand structure to promote habitat heterogeneity in shelterwood harvests contributes to greater bird community diversity. Interestingly, this is particularly important during the structurally depauperate phase of stem exclusion of young regenerating forests.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.