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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Zebra finches increase social behavior in traffic noise: implications for urban songbirds

Statistical code & datasets for "Zebra finches increase social behavior in traffic noise: implications for urban songbirds" manuscript submitted to Acta ethologica. Also includes audio file for traffic noise playback in described experiment.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Monitor predation on zebra finch nest

Here, we report a detailed predation sequence, captured on film, of a sand goanna (Varanus gouldii) predating six zebra finch nestlings from a single nestbox in arid western New South Wales, Australia. The sand goanna made nine attempts to reach the nestbox by first climbing an adjacent bush and jumping onto the nestbox and eventually also by climbing up the steel post on which the box was attached.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Determinants of microbiome composition: Insights from free-ranging hybrid zebras (Equus quagga × grevyi)

The composition of mammalian gut microbiomes is highly conserved within species, yet the mechanisms by which microbiome composition is transmitted and maintained within lineages of wild animals remain unclear. Mutually compatible hypotheses exist, including that microbiome fidelity results from inherited dietary habits, shared environmental exposure, morphophysiological filtering, and/or maternal effects. Interspecific hybrids are a promising system in which to interrogate the determinants of microbiome composition because hybrids can decouple traits and processes that are otherwise co-inherited in their parent species. We used a population of free-living hybrid zebras (Equus quagga × grevyi) in Kenya to evaluate the roles of these four mechanisms in regulating microbiome composition. We analyzed fecal DNA for both the trnL-P6 and the 16S rRNA V4 region to characterize the diets and microbiomes of the hybrid zebra and of their parent species, plains zebra (E. quagga) and Grevy's zebra (E. grevyi). We found that both diet and microbiome composition clustered by species, and that hybrid diets and microbiomes were largely nested within those of the maternal species, plains zebra. Hybrid microbiomes were less variable than those of either parent species where they co-occurred. Diet and microbiome composition were strongly correlated, although the strength of this correlation varied between species. These patterns are most consistent with the maternal-effects hypothesis, somewhat consistent with the diet hypothesis, and largely inconsistent with the environmental-sourcing and morphophysiological-filtering hypotheses. Maternal transmittance likely operates in conjunction with inherited feeding habits to conserve microbiome composition within species.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Zebra finch dataset for the paper: Benchmarking nearest neighbor retrieval of zebra finch vocalizations across development

This is the dataset created in the paper "Benchmarking nearest neighbor retrieval of zebra finch vocalizations across development".

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Brightness cues affect gap negotiation behaviour in zebra finches

Flying animals have had to evolve robust and effective guidance strategies for dealing with habitat clutter. Birds and insects use optic flow cues to sense and avoid obstacles, but orchid bees have also been shown to use brightness cues during gap negotiation. Brightness cues might therefore be of general importance in structuring visually guided flight. To test the hypothesis that brightness cues affect gap negotiation behaviours in birds, we presented captive zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata with a symmetric or asymmetric background brightness distribution on the other side of a tunnel. The background brightness conditions influenced both the birds' decision to enter the tunnel aperture, and their flight direction upon exit. Zebra finches were more likely to initiate flight through the tunnel if they could see a bright background through it; they were also more likely to fly to the bright side upon exiting. We found no evidence of the centring response that would be expected if optic flow cues were balanced bilaterally during gap negotiation. Instead, the birds entered the tunnel by targeting a clearance of approximately one wing length from its near edge. Brightness cues therefore affect how zebra finches structure their flight when negotiating gaps in enclosed environments.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in The First Record of Intestinal Ciliates from the Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra) in South Africa

Fig. 1. (A–O) Endosymbiotic ciliates from mountain zebra of South Africa: A – Alloiozona trizona, B – Holophryoides macrotricha, C – Blepharosphaera ceratotherii, D – Holophryoides ovalis, E – Blepharocorys angusta m. triangulata, F – Blepharocorys angusta m. ovata, G – Blepharoprosthium pireum, H – Blepharoconus sp., I – Bundleia postciliata, J – Bundleia piriformis, K – Bundleia inflata, L – Bundleia benbrooki. M – Spirodinium nanum, N – Triplumaria sp. "A", O – Triplumaria sp. "B". Differential interference contrast, N, O – reconstruction from 3 images. Scale bars: 10 µm.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Plains zebra time budgets, social behavior, and communication during the 2021-2022 Laikipia-Samburu ecosystem drought

Anthropogenically induced climate change has significantly increased the frequency of acute weather events, such as drought. As human activities amplify environmental stresses, animals may be forced to prioritize survival over behaviors less crucial to immediate fitness, such as socializing. Yet, social bonds may also buffer organisms from the deleterious effects of environmental conditions. We investigated how the highly social plains zebra (Equus quagga) modify their activity budgets, social networks, and multimodal communication during a drought. This dataset contains a) activity budget, b) steps per minute as a proxy for foraging effort, c) nearest neighbor association data, d) interaction rate, e) juvenile social interaction partner data, and f) multimodal communication data.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Data from: Vocalizations in the plains zebra (Equus quagga)

Acoustic signals are vital in animal communication, and quantifying these signals them is fundamental for understanding animal behaviour and ecology. Vocaliszations can be classified into acoustically and functionally or contextually distinct categories, but establishing these categories can be challenging. Newly developed methods, such as machine learning, can provide solutions for classification tasks. The plains zebra is known for its loud and specific vocaliszations, yet limited knowledge exists on the structure and information content of its vocaliszations. In this study, we employed both feature-based and spectrogram-based algorithms, incorporating supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods to enhance robustness in categoriszing zebra vocaliszation types. Additionally, we implemented a permuted discriminant function analysis (pDFA) to examine the individual identity information contained in the identified vocaliszation types. The findings revealed at least four distinct vocaliszation types he '"snort'," the '"soft snort'," the '"squeal'," and the '"quagga quagga'" with individual differences observed mostly in snorts, and to a lesser extent in squeals. Analyses based on acoustic features outperformed those based on spectrograms, but each excelled in characteriszing different vocaliszation types. We thus recommend the combined use of these two approaches. OuThisr study offers valuable insights into plains zebra vocaliszation, with implications for future comprehensive explorations in animal communication.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Dataset: Zebra Technologies Corporation (ZBRA) Stock Performance

This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.

Figure 5 in A simplistic water body-specific risk assessment model for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) establishment based on physicochemical characteristics

Figure 5. Overall zebra mussel establishment risk categorization of 133 Texas water bodies based on calcium, pH, salinity, and temperature. Major water bodies not included in this study due to lack of TCEQ water quality data are shown for context of the study extent. The Whittier et. al. low calcium/low risk zone delineation is shown to demonstrate level of agreement with that study, which is relatively high with some noteworthy exceptions. The Cypress, Sabine, and Neches River basins referenced in the text are the three East Texas basins with predominantly minimal risk water body categorizations.

Figure 2 in A simplistic water body-specific risk assessment model for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) establishment based on physicochemical characteristics

Figure 2. pH-based zebra mussel establishment risk categorization of 133 Texas water bodies. Major water bodies not included in this study due to lack of TCEQ water quality data are shown for context of the study extent.

Figure 4 in A simplistic water body-specific risk assessment model for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) establishment based on physicochemical characteristics

Figure 4. Temperature-based zebra mussel establishment risk categorization of 126 Texas water bodies. Major water bodies not included in this study due to lack of TCEQ water quality data are shown for context of the study extent.

Figure 3 in A simplistic water body-specific risk assessment model for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) establishment based on physicochemical characteristics

Figure 3. Salinity-based zebra mussel establishment risk categorization of 133 Texas water bodies. Major water bodies not included in this study due to lack of TCEQ water quality data are shown for context of the study extent.

Figure 1 in A simplistic water body-specific risk assessment model for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) establishment based on physicochemical characteristics

Figure 1. Calcium-based zebra mussel establishment risk categorization of 85 Texas water bodies. Areas to the east of the Whittier et al. (2008) calcium risk delineation were predicted by that study to have ≤ 12 mg/l calcium (i.e., minimal establishment risk); this delineation is shown to demonstrate level of agreement with that study. Major water bodies not included in this study due to lack of TCEQ water quality data are shown for context of the study extent. The Cypress, Sabine, and Neches River basins referenced in the text are the three East Texas basins with predominantly minimal risk water body categorizations.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Environmental DNA as a tool to help inform zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, management in inland lakes

Figure 2. The mean number of cycles needed to detect DNA of zebra mussels from water samples collected at the surface, mid-column and bottom of Lake Minnetonka directly above a known zebra mussel population. A lower number of cycles indicates a greater amount of DNA. Bars represent the 95% confidence intervals.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Figure 3 in Environmental DNA as a tool to help inform zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, management in inland lakes

Figure 3. Structural Equation Model for zebra mussels in two lakes near Alexandria, Minnesota: Lake Le Homme Dieu (A) and Maple Lake (B). Nodes are environmental DNA copy numbers of zebra mussel DNA (eDNA), habitat, depth, lake and ash-free dry weight (AFDW). AFDW is log(AFDW + 0.1). eDNA is log(copy number eDNA + 0.1). Numbers next to a line between two nodes represents the correlation between the two nodes. The r2 values in boxes correspond % variance of dependent variable explained by the independent variable. Values with an asterisk (*) indicate significant correlation between nodes. Our significance level was established at α ≤ 0.05.