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FIGURE 1. H.M.S in Additional notes on the publication of the Narrative, Zoology and Notes from a Journal of Research into the Natural History of the Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang and its consequences for the nomenclature of decapod crustaceans and other taxa

FIGURE 1. H.M.S. Samarang immersed in the Sarawak River for repairs. Image from the first volume of the Narrative (Belcher 1847a: pl. facing p. 37).

FIGURE 3 in Zoological nomenclature: Suggestions to increase stability and facilitate the naming of Clades

FIGURE 3. Clade name stability and incomplete taxon sampling. (A) Clade Aus defined by two specifiers (in red); (B) Addition of previously unsampled taxa (species X, in blue). If the clade Aus has a node-based definition, the PhyloCode would require a new name for the clade that contains the newly added species "X." (C) Proposed solution in which specifiers can be modified (except the type species) to expand the species content of the clade, avoiding the inflation of clade names.

FIGURE 2 in Zoological nomenclature: Suggestions to increase stability and facilitate the naming of Clades

FIGURE 2. Unranked names as a mean to increase name stability. (A) Accepted relationships and nomenclature among some anuran families. Note that the ranks of family and superfamily are already occupied and that there is no formal name for the Centrolenidae + Allophrynidae clade (Clade X). (B) Proposal by Frost et al. (2006) to formalize Clade X as Centrolenidae; note that even though topologies have not changed, there is considerable name instability, highlighted in red, because of shift in ranks. (C) Proposal where the addition of an unranked name formalizes the relationships without the need of changing names (see Guayasamin et al., 2009).

FIGURE 1 in Zoological nomenclature: Suggestions to increase stability and facilitate the naming of Clades

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic definitions and clade content. (A) Hypothetical relationships of three genera, showing two specifiers of the genus Aus in red. (B) New hypothesis of relationships that produces changes in clade composition when phylogenetic definitions are not flexible (i.e., PhyloCode); note also that given this scenario, Ausidae and Aus have exactly the same species content. Because phylogenetic definitions in the PhyloCode have two (or more) specifiers, the probability of changes in clade content is higher than in traditional nomenclature, in which names are linked only to the type species.

opennotspecifiedDec 2006View details →

FIGURE 1 in The neotype of the type species of the neotropical iguanian genus Phymaturus: a critical commentary on a recent opinion of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

FIGURE 1. Draft of the historical Andean field trip conducted by Charles Darwin (1835) and his collection of the specimen BMNH 1946.8.29.84. labelled "Chile", now neotype of the type species of the iguanian genus Phymaturus. The probable collection area is indicated by an asterisk. Localities of the Darwin's itinerary are indicated in the map as: S = Santiago de Chile; M = Mendoza; V = Villavicencio Valley; U = Uspallata plateau; 1 = Piuquenes pass; 2 = Portillo Argentino pass; 3 = Las Cuevas pass. Along the ChileArgentina frontier the major ice covered high embossments and glaciers are schematically reported. Localities where populations of Phymaturus have been found are tentatively indicated in the dotted spaces of the map. Records of unnamed species identified by morphological and karyological evidence are detailed for Uspallata highlands and for the Chilean mountain districts of Talca (ML), some hundreds of kilometres south of Santiago (shown by the cut in the map).

FIGURE 9 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany

FIGURE 9. Three documents concerning Gingerich et al. (2009) downloaded from the PLoS website on 18 December 2012: (a) first web page devoted to this work on the website; (b) first page of PDF of work, dated 4 February 2009; (c) comment 2, dated 22 May 2009, accessed through the link "Comments: 2" on top of (a).

FIGURE 10 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany

FIGURE 10. Three documents concerning Franzen et al. (2009) downloaded from the PLoS website on 18 December 2012: (a) first web page devoted to this work on the website; (b) comment 7, dated 21 May 2009, accessed through the link "Comments: 13" on top of (a); (c) "formal correction", dated 21 July 2009, accessed through the link "Formal correction: 1" on top of (a).

opennotspecifiedSep 2013View details →

FIGURES 1–5. 1a in Elucidating Article 45.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: A dichotomous key for the determination of subspecific or infrasubspecific rank

FIGURES 1–5. 1a, Alphus senilis ab. uniformis, excerpt from original description (yellow highlight added for emphasis); 1b, A. senilis ab. uniformis, specimen dorsal habitus; 1c, A. senilis ab. uniformis, specimen labels; 2, Chariesthes subunicolor var. pictulus, original description (yellow highlight added for emphasis); 3, Oberea nigriceps n. obscuripennis nov., original description (yellow highlight added for emphasis); 4a, Trachyderes variegatus var. flavocinctus, excerpt from original description (yellow highlight added for emphasis); 4b, T. variegatus var. flavocinctus, specimen labels; 5a, Psenocerus supernotatus var. funebris, excerpt from original description (yellow highlight added for emphasis); 5b, Chalcophora virginiensis ssp. antennalis, excerpt from original description (yellow highlight added for emphasis).

opennotspecifiedNov 2021View details →

FIGURE 2. A in ZooNom: an online thesaurus for alleviating ambiguity in the terminology of zoological nomenclature

FIGURE 2. A screenshot of ZooNom taken on 10/11/2021. The concept shown is "doxisonym" (URL: https://www.loterre.fr/ skosmos/FM8/en/page/-PD692RFQ-4). The "note" field contains the etymology, and the "scope note" field presents the Code's equivalent (objective synonym) and definition.

opennotspecifiedDec 2008View details →

FIGURE 2 in The Linnean foundations of zoological and botanical nomenclature*

FIGURE 2. Linnaeus' professorial chair and student's backless benches at Hammarby near Uppsala, Sweden. Collections removed to London.

opennotspecifiedDec 2008View details →

FIGURE 3 in The Linnean foundations of zoological and botanical nomenclature*

FIGURE 3. Linnaeus' description of man under Mammalia Primates, including geographical variation (footnotes omitted).

opennotspecifiedDec 2008View details →

FIGURE 6. R in The Linnean foundations of zoological and botanical nomenclature*

FIGURE 6. R. Blanchard (a) and J. V. Carus (b); both played an important role in developing the first international Code of zoological nomenclature. (Photo taken at the occasion of the 3rd meeting of the German Zoological Society in Göttingen, 1893). [Archiv Zool. Mus. Berlin].

FIGURE 5 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany

FIGURE 5. Accompanying letters of four documents received by the Paris Museum library: facsimiles of PDFs of (a–c) three works published by Parasites & Vectors (Andrade Filho et al. 2009, Freeman & Sommerville 2010, Poinar 2009) and (d) a work published by BMC evolutionary Biology (Tan et al. 2012), letter received on 14 January 2013.

FIGURE 2 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany

FIGURE 2. First page of Yamaguchi et al. (2012) under two different versions: (a) PDF dated 8 March 2012, downloaded from the BMC website on 6 November 2012; (b) paper facsimile dated 8 March 2012, received by the Paris Museum library before 5 November 2012 (two pages on one, successive pages printed upside down).

FIGURE 4 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany

FIGURE 4. Four pages of Bargues et al. (2011) under two different versions: (a) page 11 of PDF dated 12 July 2011, downloaded from the BMC website on 11 November 2012, showing its fig. 8 with its correct legend; (b–d) pages 6, 9 and 15 of paper facsimile dated 12 July 2011, received by the Paris Museum library before 5 November 2012, showing its fig. 2 (legend of fig. 2 in PDF, tree of fig. 8 in PDF), its fig. 4 (legend of fig. 4 in PDF, photograph of fig. 10 in PDF) and its fig. 10 (legend and photograph of fig. 10 in PDF).

FIGURE 3. Page 9 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany

FIGURE 3. Page 9 of Malm & Johanson (2011) under two different versions: (a) PDF dated 12 January 2011, downloaded from the BMC website on 11 November 2012; (b) paper facsimile dated 12 January 2011, received by the Paris Museum library before 5 November 2012 (compared to the PDF, throughout the printed document blue was replaced by violet and red by orange).

FIGURE 6 in Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany

FIGURE 6. First page of PDFs of Tan et al. (2012) under two different versions, both dated 9 July 2012, as downloaded from the BMC website on: (a) 6 November 2012 (prepublication); (b) 16 December 2012 (final publication). In (b), the small boxes surrounded with green are taken from pages 18 (dates) and 19 (DOI and reference).