Figure 21. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach

Figure 21. A, origin scars of m. longissimus capitis superficialis (C7–D1 parapophyses) and m. longissimus capitis profundus (C6–C3 parapophyses) of Tyrannosaurus rex (AMNH 5027). B, short moment arm of m. longissimus capitis superficialis for neck plus head dorsiflexion. C, paroccipital process insertions and moment arms of m. longissimus capitis superficialis on Daspletosaurus torosus (CMN 8506). D, basioccipital insertions and moment arms of m. longissimus capitis profundus on Daspletosaurus torosus (CMN 8506; the specimen is incomplete and the images are partly mirrored).