FIGURE 3 in Extraordinary cranial specialization in a new genus of extinct duck (Aves: Anseriformes) from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 3. Morphometrics of the tarsometatarsus (A) and palatines (B) of Talpanas lippa illustrated with box and whisker plots. In both plots, the 'T' indicates Talpanas, the box indicates the interquartile range of all waterfowl with the central line running through it representing the mean and the vertical lines indicate the maximum and minimum values for all waterfowl apart from Talpanas. (A) is a vertical box and whisker plot of the ratio of tarsometatarsal length ('l') to tarsometatarsal circumference ('c'). Note that Talpanas has a significantly lower ratio than all other waterfowl, indicating a short and thick tarsometatarsus. (B) a vertical box and whisker plot of palatine divergence ('Palatine angle') measured in degrees (degs) (for measurement details see Materials and Methods). Again, note that Talpanas ('T') has a significantly higher value than all other waterfowl, indicating highly divergent palatines.