Figure 4 from: Heneberg P, Bogusch P, Astapenková A (2024) Rearing Thyridanthrax fenestratus (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on Pemphredon fabricii (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) prepupae. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.97.110282

Figure 4 Representative figures illustrating critical events in the development of Th. fenestratus on overwintering prepupae of P. fabricii. In bombyliid flies, the first stage, triungulin, is active and immediately molts after attaching to its host to the second stage (likely D6), which has already attached itself and is not distinctly curved. This stage can overwinter (as does the pupa). Early third instar (likely D8) and late third instar (likely D14) can be diagnosed by their characteristic curvature. D24 and D34 represent pupae.