Figure 9 from: Sadaqa E, Utami RA, Mudhakir D (2024) In vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles in TM4 cells and their influence on spermatogenesis. Pharmacia 71: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e112138

Figure 9 Claudin 11 expression in the presence of ChNP and PNNP. TM4 cells were incubated with ChNP 50 µg/mL, PNNP 125 µg/mL and ChNP 200 µg/mL for 24 h. a. Confocal images of claudin 11 expression after cells were incubated with a secondary antibody goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 488 (green) and the nucleus was stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). The bars indicate 50 µm; b. Histogram of downregulation claudin 11 expression. The results are shown as mean ± SE of two separate studies (n = 50). ns (not significant) p > 0.05. Stars (***) indicate significance when compared with the control group (untreated cells) (p < 0.001). Pound signs (###) demonstrate significance compared with ChNP 50 µg/mL.