Figure 8 from: Sadaqa E, Utami RA, Mudhakir D (2024) In vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles in TM4 cells and their influence on spermatogenesis. Pharmacia 71: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e112138

Figure 8 Connexin 43 expression in the presence of ChNP and PNNP. TM4 cells were incubated with ChNP 50 µg/mL, PNNP 125 µg/mL and with ChNP 200 µg/mL for 24 h. a. Confocal images of connexin 43 expression after cells were incubated with a secondary antibody goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 488 (green) and the nucleus was stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). The bars indicate 50 µm. b. Histogram of downregulation of connexin 43 expression. The results are shown as mean ± SEM of two separate studies (n=50). ns (not significant) p > 0.05. Stars (***) indicate significance when compared with the control group (untreated cells) (p < 0.001). Pound signs (###) demonstrate significance compared with ChNP 50 µg/mL.