Reflex Bleeding in Tonically Immobilized Larvae Causes Debris-Based Camouflage in the Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Asbolus verrucosus LeConte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) - Supplementary videos 1 to 4

<p>Supplementary videos demonstrating methods for inducing death feigning in <em>Asbolus verrucosus</em>, LeConte (1851), as well as wriggling behavior, death-feigning behavior and reflex bleeding in immature stages.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary video 1</strong>. The hand transfer method is demonstrated. A moment after the investigator releases the larva, a fine mist of blood is quickly squirted and then then the larva oozes blood (indicated with arrow). A portion of the video is then shown enlarged and slowed to 10% original speed to better show the reflex bleeding.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary video 2</strong>. The rotisserie method is demonstrated with the three species investigated (labeled as they pass by for the first time). The <em>Asbolus verrucosus</em> larva displays death feigning behavior and maintains a rigid but slightly curved posture (tonic immobility), while the other two species continue twisting and wandering about their enclosures.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Video 3</strong>. Wriggling behavior is induced in larvae, then in a pupa of <em>Asbolus verrucosus</em>.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Video 4</strong>. This video shows typical death feigning behavior in a blue death feigning beetle larva. Imperceptibly slow movements are more readily observed if the video is viewed at high speed.</p>