Data From: A New Distinctive Species of Schizanthus (Solanaceae) and the Reinstatement of Schizanthus fallax

<p>A new <i>Schizanthus</i> species from northern Chile is described and illustrated. <b><i>Schizanthus nutantiflorus</i></b> was discovered based on recent collections made during unusual rain events in the Atacama Desert in 2015. The new species is distinguished morphologically from other <i>Schizanthus </i>species from northern Chile by its short corolla tube, with a distinct upper lip arrangement and colour, having the longest lower lip, and downward-facing flowers. Additionally, the reinstatement of <i>Schizanthus fallax</i> is proposed. By using both nDNA and cpDNA, phylogenetic relationships among all species of <i>Schizanthus</i> were investigated. Molecular and field observations, as well as an exhaustive morphological revision of fresh material and herbarium specimens, supports the segregation of <i>Schizanthus</i> with short corolla tubes from northern Chile into three species. We propose that, in order to fully understand both the taxonomy and evolution of <i>Schizanthus</i>, an integrative framework encompassing molecular, ecological and morphological data should be carried out. Information on distribution, habitat, conservation status, besides taxonomic notes and illustrations are provided. In addition, an updated key for the species of <i>Schizanthus</i> from northern Chile is given.</p>