Birch pollen rupture

<p>The video shows birch (<em>Betula pendula</em>) pollen grains immersed in water. It can be seen that the pollen grains rupture and expel cytoplasmic material including starch granules. These materials are also referred to as subpollen particles.</p> <p>The video is a supplement to the article &quot;Isolation of sub-pollen particles (SPPs) of birch: SPPs are potential carriers of ice nucleating macromolecules&quot; in Biogeosciences.</p> <p>Full reference: Burkart, J., Gratzl, J., Seifried, T. M., Bieber, P., and Grothe, H.: Isolation of subpollen particles (SPPs) of birch: SPPs are potential carriers of ice nucleating macromolecules, Biogeosciences, 18, 1&ndash;15, 2021.</p>