Figures 179–182 in Reanalysis of Teruelius and Grosphus (Scorpiones Buthidae with descriptions of two new species

Figures 179–182. Morphometrics of telson lateral profiles. Figure 179. Elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) of lateral profiles. Upper panel: EFA curve fits to profiles of Grosphus hirtus, G. mandena, Teruelius ankarafantsika and T. annulatus by Fourier series with cumulative terms up to and including second (blue), fourth (green), eighth (red) and sixteenth (orange) order harmonics. Telson profiles oriented with dorsal surface horizontal, start point at anterior limit of vesicle, peduncle truncated, area normalized. Lower panel: Histogram plots of harmonic loadings of first two principal components, PC1 and PC2, obtained from PCA of 64 standardized Fourier coefficients from up to sixteenth order harmonic terms, accounting for 30.33% and 19.54% of variance, respectively (total variance 49.87%). Bars are heat map coded by loading values, harmonics with highest positive loadings labelled (red bars). Figure 180. Bivariate scatter plot of subspace of first two principal components rotated (PC1*, PC2*) to minimize variance of Teruelius spp. (yellow symbols) along vertical axis. Data from 117 telson profiles from Grosphus (n = 35, 14 spp.), Teruelius (n = 65, 21 spp.), Pseudolychas (n = 6, 3 spp.) and other outgroup taxa (n = 11, 4 spp.), both males and females. Upper inset: scree plot of eigenvalue vs. PC number. Lower inset: legend for symbol colors: Grosphus 'hirtus' group (= G. angulatus sp. n., G. hirtus, G. polskyi, G. tavaratra, G. voahangyae), blue; other Grosphus spp., cyan; Teruelius flavopiceus, orange; T. ankarana, magenta; T. grandidieri, red; other Teruelius spp., yellow; Pseudolychas spp., black; other outgroup taxa, gray. Figure 181. Bivariate scatter plot of mean values of PC2* vs. PC1* for male telson profiles of Grosphus (12 spp.), Teruelius (16 spp.), Pseudolychas (3 spp.) and other outgroup taxa (4 spp.). Figure 182. Bivariate scatter plot of mean values of PC2* vs. PC1* for female telson profiles of Grosphus (7 spp.), Teruelius (15 spp.), Pseudolychas (3 spp.) and other outgroup taxa (4 spp.). Profile silhouette examples shown for analyzed species in Figs. 181–182. Error bars in Fig. 182 are standard errors. Symbol colors in Figs. 181–182 as in legend of Fig. 180.