Computer-rendered HDR and LDR 4k images database

<p>Realistic image computation mimics the natural process of acquiring pictures by simulating the physical interactions of light between all the objects, lights and cameras lying within a modelled 3D scene. This process is known as global illumination and was formalised by Kajiya with the following rendering Equation:<br> <span class="math-tex">\(\begin{equation} \label{eq:rendering_equation} L_o(x, \omega_o) = {L_e(x, \omega_o)} + \int_{\Omega}^{} {L_i(x, \omega_i)} \cdot f_r(x, \omega_i \rightarrow \omega_o) \cdot \cos \theta_i d\omega_i \end{equation}\)</span></p> <p>where:</p> <ul> <li>&nbsp;<span class="math-tex">\(L_o(x, \omega_o)\)</span> is the luminance traveling from point&nbsp;<span class="math-tex">\(x\)</span> in direction <span class="math-tex">\(\omega_o\)</span>;</li> <li><span class="math-tex">\(L_e(x, \omega_o)\)</span> is point&nbsp;<span class="math-tex">\(x\)</span> emitted luminance (it is null if point x does not lie on a ligth source surface);</li> <li>the integral represents the set of luminances <span class="math-tex">\(L_i\)</span>incident in <span class="math-tex">\(x \)</span> from the hemisphere of the directions <span class="math-tex">\(\Omega\)</span> and reflected in the direction <span class="math-tex">\(\omega_o\)</span>. The reflected luminances are weighted by the materials reflecting properties (bidirectionnal reflectance function <span class="math-tex">\(f_r(x, \omega_i \rightarrow \omega_o)\)</span>) and the cosinus of the incident angle.</li> </ul> <p>This equation cannot be analytically solved and Monte Carlo approaches are generally used to estimate the value of the pixels of the final image.</p> <p>This proposed dataset is composed of 32 points of view of photo realistics images with different level of samples (following the Monte Carlo approach) for each. Each image is 3840&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;2160 pixels in size. The most noisy image is of 2⁰ samples and the reference one (the most converged image obtained) is of 2&sup2;⁰ samples. The <a href="https://www.pbrt.org/index.html">pbrt</a> rendering engine (version 4) was used to generate these images.</p>