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FIGURE 11 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 11. Phylogeny of the subtribe Chionaspidina (Diaspidinae: Diaspidini), whose relationship to the other Diaspidini is shown in Fig. 2. One clade is represented by triangular placeholder labelled "Chionaspis and allies". Its phylogeny can be seen in Fig. 12. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 9 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 9. Phylogeny of the grass-feeding clade of Fioriniina, including species heretofore placed in Kuwanaspidina (Diaspidinae: Diaspidini: Fioriniina). This figure shows the phylogeny of the clade labeled "grass-feeding Fioriniina" in Fig. 8. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 7 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 7. Phylogeny of the subtribe Diaspidina (Diaspidinae: Diaspidini), whose relationship to other Diaspidini is shown in Fig. 2. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 5 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 5. Phylogeny of Pseudoparlatoria Cockerell and allies (Diaspidinae: Lepidosaphidini). This figure shows the phylogeny of the clade labeled "Pseudoparlatoria sensu lato" in Fig. 4. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 19 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 19. Brimblecombia rotundicauda (Brimblecombe), adult female, ventral surface. Adapted from Brimblecombe (1959b).

FIGURE 3 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of Aspidiotinae, whose relationship to the other subfamilies of Diaspididae is shown in Fig. 1. Triangular placeholders are used to represent 4 tribes, whose phylogeny is shown in one or more subsequent figures: Leucaspidini (Fig. 13), Aonidiini (Fig. 14), Parlatoriini (Fig. 15), and Aspidiotini (Figs. S1–S5). For Gymnaspidini and Odonaspidini, all sampled individuals are shown. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 20 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 20. Brimblecombia rotundicauda (Brimblecombe), adult female pygidium. Adapted from Brimblecombe (1959b). The dorsal surface is shown on the left and the ventral surface on the right.

FIGURE 4 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 4. Phylogeny of the tribe Lepidosaphidini (Diaspidinae), excluding Hulaspis. This is the clade labelled "other Lepidosaphidini" in Fig. 2, and its relationship to the other lineages of Diaspidinae is shown in that figure. Two clades are represented here by triangular placeholders, and an expanded view of the phylogeny of each can be seen in a subsequent figure: Pseudoparlatoria sensu lato (Fig. 5) and Lepidosaphes + Australian Lepidosaphidini (Fig. 6). For the rest of the tribe, all sampled individuals are shown. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 1 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships of Diaspididae: outgroups, Ancepaspidinae and Furcaspidinae. This tree, resulting from a Bayesian analysis of 4 loci, includes 5 outgroup families and shows the relationships of the 4 diaspidid subfamilies under the proposed new classification, as well as relationships of sampled taxa within Ancepaspidinae and Furcaspidinae. The 2 larger subfamilies of Diaspididae, Diaspidinae and Aspidiotinae, are depicted here with triangular placeholders and shown in more detail in Figs. 2–15 and S1–S5. Note that Comstockiella, traditionally placed in within Diaspididae in the monotypic subfamily Comstockiellinae, is here depicted as a member of Halimococcidae. Figures 1–15 and S1–S5 represent the results of the Bayesian analysis of all 4 loci. Taxon names consist of the species name, the type of identification, the name or initials of the identifier, the country of origin, and the prep number. Identifiers are listed in Table 1. ID = identification based on morphological examination of that specimen itself on a microscope slide; lotID = identification based on morphological examination of 1 or more other specimens of the same series on a microscope slide; fieldID = identification in the field. Values given for internodes are posterior probabilities. Posterior probabilities under 0.5 and most of those within species have been omitted to reduce clutter. Species names are given as the combinations used prior to this study; for species transferred to new genera (Table 9), the new generic assignment is given at the end of the species name. Undescribed species are designated as "ud" followed by a number.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of Diaspidinae, whose relationship to the other subfamilies of Diaspididae is shown in Fig. 1. Triangular placeholders are used to represent 4 large clades, whose phylogeny is shown in one or more subsequent figures: other Lepidosaphidini (Figs. 4–6), Diaspidina (Fig. 7), Fioriniina (Figs. 8–10), and Chionaspidina (Fig. 11). For the present we regard Furchadaspis, Prodiaspis, and Ischnaspis as Diaspidini incertae sedis, and we regard Unaspis as a member of Chionaspidina. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 6 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 6. Phylogeny of Lepidosaphes Shimer and allies (Diaspidinae: Lepidosaphidini). This figure shows the phylogeny of the clade labeled "Lepidosaphes + Australian Lepidosaphidini" in Fig. 4. We have condensed the figure somewhat by representing 3 well-sampled species with triangular placeholders rather than listing all the individuals sampled. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 18 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 18. Hendersonaspis anomala (Green), second-instar male, illustrated from type material. The dorsal surface is shown on the left and the ventral surface on the right. The small figures on the margins show enlarged images of an antenna, a small thoracic ventral duct, and a larger abdominal dorsal duct.

FIGURE 15 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 15. Phylogeny of the tribe Parlatoriini (Aspidiotinae), whose relationship to other Aspidiotinae is shown in Fig. 3. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 10 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 10. Phylogeny of Australasian Fioriniina species (Diaspidinae: Diaspidini: Fioriniina). This figure shows the phylogeny of the clade labeled "Australasian Fioriniina" in Fig. 8. It includes the great majority of Australasian Fioriniina species, but note that it does not include Pellucidaspis, which apparently colonized Australasia independently (Fig. 8). For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 12 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 12. Phylogeny of Chionaspis Signoret and allies (Diaspidinae: Diaspidini: Chionaspidina). This figure shows the phylogeny of the clade labeled "Chionaspis and allies" in Fig. 11. To save space, a triangular placeholder labelled "North American pine-feeding Chionaspis" represents 70 individuals of North American pine-feeding species, including C. pinifoliae (Fitch), C. heterophyllae (Cooley), C. brachycephalon Vea, C. sonorae Vea, and C. torreyanae Vea. A more complete analysis and discussion of this clade can be found in Gwiazdowski et al. (2011) and Vea et al. (2013). For further explanation of the analysis and notation used here, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 13 in Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)

FIGURE 13. Phylogeny of the tribe Leucaspidini (Aspidiotinae), whose relationship to other Aspidiotinae is shown in Fig. 3. UG4409 is an undescribed genus. For further explanation of the analysis and notation, see the caption to Fig. 1.

FIGURE 14 in A review of the genus Chrysomphalus Ashmead (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) with descriptions of a new species and a new, related genus

FIGURE 14. Hhabitus and pygidium of adult female Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell); after McKenzie (1939).

FIGURE 22 in A review of the genus Chrysomphalus Ashmead (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) with descriptions of a new species and a new, related genus

FIGURE 22. Adult female of Pentalaminaspis minuta (Kotinsky, 1908): a. photograph of female habitus, b. photograph of female abdomen, c. illustration of pygidium, d. photograph of pygidium.

FIGURE 18 in A review of the genus Chrysomphalus Ashmead (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) with descriptions of a new species and a new, related genus

FIGURE 18. Habitus and pygidium of adult female Chrysomphalus trifasciculatus Brimblecombe; after Brimblecombe (1958).

FIGURE 10 in A review of the genus Chrysomphalus Ashmead (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) with descriptions of a new species and a new, related genus

FIGURE 10. Habitus and pygidium of adult female Chrysomphalus diversicolor (Green); after Green (1923).