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279 results for “historical biogeography”
Data from: Phylogenetics, delimitation and historical biogeography of the pantropical tree genus Thespesia (Malvaceae, Gossypieae)
Thespesia consists of 16 species of trees and shrubs from Southeast Asia–Oceania, Africa and America, the most well known being T. populnea, a small tree of tropical coastal areas around the world. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus and among its allies in tribe Gossypieae were inferred using three plastid and two nuclear regions to ascertain its generic delimitation and explore its biogeographical history. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses confirmed that Thespesia is not monophyletic and, based on these results, Azanza is reinstated to accommodate the two species previously placed in Thespesia section Lampas. Dating analyses and ancestral range estimation indicated that Thespesia s.s. most likely originated in Southeast Asia–Oceania c. 30 Mya, but extant species did not begin to differentiate until the late Miocene. Two dispersal events, one into Africa c. 11 Mya and another into America (Antilles) c. 9 Mya, gave rise to the African and the Greater Antillean endemics, respectively. The two most widespread hydrochorous species, T. populnea and T. populneoides, originated in Southeast Asia–Oceania from where they spread to other parts of the world. Our analysis also indicated a much earlier origin than previously reported for Eumalvoideae and its tribes, suggesting that vicariance might have had an important role early in the history of these groups.
FIGURE 6 in Biogeography of Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) revisited: phylogenetic patterns, historical geology and genetic connectivity
FIGURE 6. Spermann correlation between average genetic distances (GTR) and geographic distances showing no statistical support among variables.
FIGURE 5 in Biogeography of Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) revisited: phylogenetic patterns, historical geology and genetic connectivity
FIGURE 5. Bayesian cladogram showing the phylogentic relationships among populations of Mimagoniates microlepis from SE and S Brazil. Orange branches represent samples from rio Iguaçu basin. Blue branches represent streams from the coastal area. Numbers in branches indicates the posterior probabilities of the clusterings for GTR distances, obtained by Monte Carlo Markov Chains. Sampled localities are the follow: PIR= rio Piraquara, Piraquara, state of Paraná; CAE= rio Caerana, Piraquara, state of Paraná; PEQ= rio Pequeno, São José dos Pinhais, state of Paraná; VAR= rio da Várzea, Lapa, state of Paraná; AGU= rio Água Verde, Canoinhas, state of Santa Catarina; MER= rio Mergulhão, Antonina, state of Paraná; RIB= rio Ribeirão, Paranaguá, state of Paraná; MON= rio Mongaguá, Mongaguá, state of São Paulo; ITA= rio Caixa d'Água, Itariri, state of São Paulo; ACA= tributary of rio Acaraí, São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. For each locality, 10 specimens were sampled and are indicated by numbers 0-9.
FIGURE 3. A in Biogeography of Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) revisited: phylogenetic patterns, historical geology and genetic connectivity
FIGURE 3. A) Distribution of the Glandulocaudinae and the topographic and tectonic features of SE South America. Double lines corresponds to the main axes of Quaternary tectonics in the area (according to Saadi, 1993; Saadi et al., 2002 and Riccomini et al. 2001) B) The same area showed within the contest of major tectonic provinces of South American Platform. I – South American Platform; II – Patagonian massif; III – Andean orogenic belt; IV – foreland basins; AM = Amazon craton; SL = São Luis craton; SF = São Francisco craton; LA = Luiz Alves craton; RP = Rio de la Plata craton; B = Borborema province; T = Tocantins province; M = Mantiqueira province; DF = Dom Feliciano belt. (Modified from Cordani et al., 2000).
FIGURE 1 in Biogeography of Glandulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) revisited: phylogenetic patterns, historical geology and genetic connectivity
FIGURE 1. Representatives of the Glandulocaudinae and their caudal organs. A) Lophiobrycon weitzmani; paratype, LIRP 4338, photo by R.M.C. Castro; B) Glandulocauda melanogenys, uncatalogued specimens, collected at Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Rio Guaratuba basin, photo by J.C. Nolasco C) Mimagoniates microlepis, photo by R.L. Corte. Arrows indicate the caudal-fin rays 11 and 12. (modified from Menezes & Weitzman, 1990 and Castro et al. 2003).
Figure 5 in Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves: Carpodacus)
Figure 5. Localities of individually checked museum specimens () and genotyped samples (.) of the Carpodacus eos/pulcherrimus complex, encircled by breeding distributions of C. eos (green) and C. pulcherrimus (red), according to BirdLife International and NatureServe (2011).
Figure 1 in Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves: Carpodacus)
Figure 1. Breeding distribution of extant rosefinch (Carpodacus) species according to BirdLife International and NatureServe (2011), subdivided into nine areas (A–I), with number of rosefinch species per area and connectivity among areas (Table 4).
Figure 4 in Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves: Carpodacus)
Figure 4. Minimum spanning network for the Carpodacus eos/pulcherrimus complex based on cytochrome b alone.
Figure 3 in Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves: Carpodacus)
Figure 3. Molecular phylogeny of true rosefinches (Carpodacus) based on cytochrome b sequences reconstructed in BEAST (codon positions partitioned, 10 000 000 generations; for details, see Table 3). At the nodes are posterior probabilities. The sample IDs refer to Table 2.
Figure 2 in Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves: Carpodacus)
Figure 2. Molecular phylogeny of true rosefinches (Carpodacus) based on a 3212-bp alignment of up to four genes (for details see Table 3) reconstructed in BEAST (genes and codon positions partitioned, GTR/HKY models, 100 000 000 generations). At the nodes are posterior probabilities (left) and bootstrap values from a RAxML analysis with 1000 bootstrap replicates (right).
Figure 4 in Phylogeny, evolution, and historical biogeography of the grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)
Figure 4. Phylogenetic relationships of Chiasmini (31-taxa analyses) based on ∼3200 bp of 28S rDNA and histone H3 gene regions. The tree is the majority-rule consensus of post burn-in trees from the Bayesian analysis. Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values are given below branches.
Figure 2 in Phylogeny, evolution, and historical biogeography of the grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships and distributions of species and species groups of Exitianus intuitively inferred by Ross (1968).
Figure 1 in Phylogeny, evolution, and historical biogeography of the grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)
Figure 1. Distributions of the genera of Chiasmini. Each genus is listed with the number of included species given in parentheses. In cases where the distribution of the genus is different from the indicated area, more specific areas are indicated after the genus name.
Figure 5. A in Phylogeny, evolution, and historical biogeography of the grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)
Figure 5. A summary of the relationships among genera of Chiasmini and head shape morphological diversity. The tree was drawn manually, and incorporates information from several different analyses; relative branch lengths reflect those recovered in molecular analyses. The relationships of Omaranus, Picchusteles, and Paraphrodes with the rest of Chiasmini have yet to be satisfactorily assessed because of the limited available data for these groups. Dorsal, frontal, and lateral views of the head of 13 Chiasmini are provided: A, Omaranus typicus Distant, 1918; B, Picchusteles inca Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976; C, Paraphrodes flavigerus (Evans, 1955); D, Exitianus obscurinervis (Stål, 1859); E, Protochiasmus mysticus Zahniser, 2010; F, Doraturopsis heros (Melichar, 1902); G, Zahniserius cylindricus Duan & Zhang, 2012; H, Chiasmus varicolor (Kirkaldy, 1906); I, Listrophora styx Linnavuori, 1979; J, Gurawa minorcephala Singh-Pruthi, 1930; K, Athysanella (Brachydella) abdominalis Ball & Beamer, 1940; L, Athysanella (Diphipyga) mexicana Johnson, 1979; M, Athysanella (Athysanella) parca Ball & Beamer, 1940.
Figure 5 in The historical biogeography of the southern group of the sucker genus Moxostoma (Teleostei: Catostomidae) and the colonization of central Mexico
Figure 5. Ancient scenarios that determined the evolution and the current biegeographic pattern of the southern group. A, northern scenario:, Mapimi Bolson;, Mayran–Viesca periodic lakes;, Rıo Bravo fault zone;, Conchos Valley;, Cuatrocienegas Basin;, San Juan sub-basin;, ancient connections;, Sierra Madre Occidental;, Sierra Madre Oriental; and, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. B, central–western scenario:, Oblatos Canyon;, ancient Chapala Lake (previous Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene);, modern Chapala Lake;, Zacoalco-Ameca palaeolake;, faulting triple-rift system. ChR, Chapala rift; CR, Colima rift; TZR, Tepic-Zacoalco rift.
Figure 4 in The historical biogeography of the southern group of the sucker genus Moxostoma (Teleostei: Catostomidae) and the colonization of central Mexico
Figure 4. Dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis (DEC) analysis of the southern group based on H2 under M2. Blue lines indicate vicariance events; white arrows indicate dispersal events.
Figure 3 in The historical biogeography of the southern group of the sucker genus Moxostoma (Teleostei: Catostomidae) and the colonization of central Mexico
Figure 3. Chronograms for the southern group based on relaxed-clock Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods performed in BEAST. Error bars on nodes indicate 95% highest posterior densities around the mean dates. A, phylogenetic hypothesis of the southern group based on H1. B, phylogenetic hypothesis of the southern group based on H2.
Figure 2 in The historical biogeography of the southern group of the sucker genus Moxostoma (Teleostei: Catostomidae) and the colonization of central Mexico
Figure 2. Pruned phylogenetic hypothesis of the southern group based on cytochrome b, inferred with maximum likelihood (ML). Node values above branches correspond to bootstrap ML support; node values below branches correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities. GSD, Gulf of Mexico slope drainages; PSD, Pacific slope drainages.
Figure 2 in Comparative morphology, phylogenetic relationships, and historical biogeography of plesiolebiasine seasonal killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Figure 2. Jaws, jaw suspensorium, and opercular series: left jaw suspensorium and anterior part of opercular series, lateral view, of Plesiolebias filamentosus (A), and Pituna compacta (B); left autopalatine, medial view, of Kryptolebias brasiliensis (C), Pi. compacta (D), and Maratecoara splendida (E); left maxilla, proximal portion, dorsal view, of Rachovia maculipinnis (F), and Pi. compacta (G); left maxilla, proximal portion, posterior view, of M. splendida (H), and Pl. filamentosus (I). Numbers in brackets are characters and character states numbered according to Appendix S2. Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figure 4 in Comparative morphology, phylogenetic relationships, and historical biogeography of plesiolebiasine seasonal killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Figure 4. Neurocranium, vertebrae, and fins: anterior portion of neurocranium, central and left portion, ventral view, of Papiliolebias bitteri (A); median portion of ventral part of neurocranium, left lateral view, of Plesiolebias filamentosus (B), and Maratecoara splendida (C); parasphenoid, ventral view, of Pa. bitteri (D); neurocranium, posterior part, and first two vertebrae, lateral view (ribs excluded), of Pl. filamentosus (E), and Ma. splendida (F); caudal skeleton (fin rays excluded), left lateral view, of Stenolebias damascenoi (G); anal-fin base, anterior portion, left lateral view, of Plesiolebias glaucopterus (H); left post-temporal and supracleithrum, lateral view, of Maratecoara formosa (I), Pa. bitteri (J), and Pterolebias longipinnis (K); left proximal radials of pectoral fin, lateral view, of Pituna poranga (L), and Maratecoara lacortei (M); pelvic bones, dorsal view, of Pituna obliquoseriata (N). Numbers in brackets are characters and character states numbered according to Appendix S2. Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.