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531 results for “leaf beetle”
Fig. 1. A in Leaf-Litter Brood Chambers inDichotomius(Luederwaldtinia)Carbonarius(Mannerheim, 1829) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): A Novel Behavior for Dung Beetles
Fig. 1. A) General aspect of the kennel where brood chambers of Dichotomius carbonarius were collected; the soil is covered by leaf litter and short grasses and the tree trunks are fumo bravo, B) Leaf of fumo bravo on the soil and fragmented in subrectangular pieces, scale bar = 2 cm, C) Brood chamber of D. carbonarius showing contact with soil, scale bar = 2 cm, D) Adult D. carbonarius buried in the soil about 7 cm from the surface, scale bar = 1 cm.
Fig. 3. A in Leaf-Litter Brood Chambers inDichotomius(Luederwaldtinia)Carbonarius(Mannerheim, 1829) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): A Novel Behavior for Dung Beetles
Fig. 3. A) Longitudinal section of a brood chamber of Dichotomius carbonarius, showing the egg chamber and some meniscate packets concavely downwards, scale bar = 1 cm, B) Egg with pharate larva inside and provisions with abundant trichomes (arrows), scale bar = 0.5 cm, C–D) Magnified trichomes, scale bar = 0.25 mm, E) Trichomes on a leaf of fumo bravo, scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURES 24–26 in Discovery of the first leaf litter inhabiting flea beetles in Brazil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) with description of two new genera and three new species
FIGURES 24–26. Tupiniquim pronotalis Linzmeier, Oliveira & Konstantinov, new species, holotype, male. 24, habitus, dorsal view. 25, habitus, lateral view. 26, head and pronotum, frontal view.
FIGURES 5–8 in Discovery of the first leaf litter inhabiting flea beetles in Brazil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) with description of two new genera and three new species
FIGURES 5–8. Brasilplatus bahianus Oliveira, Linzmeier & Konstantinov, new species, holotype, female. 5, habitus, dorsal view. 6, habitus, lateral view. 7, habitus, frontal view. 8, antenna.
FIGURE 23 in Discovery of the first leaf litter inhabiting flea beetles in Brazil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) with description of two new genera and three new species
FIGURE 23. Habitus of Tupiniquim pronotalis Linzmeier, Oliveira & Konstantinov, new species. (Illustration by Stephanie J. Kuzmiski).
FIGURES 1–4 in Discovery of the first leaf litter inhabiting flea beetles in Brazil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) with description of two new genera and three new species
FIGURES 1–4. Brasilplatus bahianus Oliveira, Linzmeier & Konstantinov, new species, paratype, male, habitus. 1, dorsal view. 2, lateral view. 3, frontolateral view. 4, frontal view.
FIGURES 14–16 in Discovery of the first leaf litter inhabiting flea beetles in Brazil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) with description of two new genera and three new species
FIGURES 14–16. Tupiniquim confusa Linzmeier, Oliveira & Konstantinov, new species, holotype, male, habitus. 14, dorsal view. 15, lateral view. 16, frontal view.
FIGURES 27–28 in Discovery of the first leaf litter inhabiting flea beetles in Brazil (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) with description of two new genera and three new species
FIGURES 27–28. Tupiniquim pronotalis Linzmeier, Oliveira & Konstantinov, new species, holotype, male. 27, pronotum, dorsal view. 28, median lobe of aedeagus (ventral, lateral and dorsal views).
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of Aspidonema (Sachs, 1949) Andrássy, 1958 (Nematoda: Bunonematidae) associated with mint leaf beetle Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) from India
FIGURE 5. Light micrograph of A. kashmirensis sp. nov. male A: Pharyngeal region. B, C: Posterior body region showing arrangement of bursal papillae. D: Bifid tail end. E, F: Cloacal region showing spicules and gubernaculum (Scale bars= 5 μm).
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new species of Aspidonema (Sachs, 1949) Andrássy, 1958 (Nematoda: Bunonematidae) associated with mint leaf beetle Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) from India
FIGURE 4. Light micrograph of A. kashmirensis sp. nov. female A–C: Anterior body region showing shields and warts. C, D: Body region showing warts and network. E, F: Body region showing striated ridge. G–I: Body region showing ridges; J, K: Anterior end. L: Pharyngeal region. M: Female reproductive system. N: Mid body region showing warts and vulval opening. O, P: Posterior body region (Scale bars= 5 μm).
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Aspidonema (Sachs, 1949) Andrássy, 1958 (Nematoda: Bunonematidae) associated with mint leaf beetle Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) from India
FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of A. kashmirensis sp. nov. A, B: Body region showing warts, shields and network. C: Body region with few shields sloughed off. D–G: Body region with warts; shields removed leaving fish bone-like or peg-like remnants of attachment with underlying cuticle. H: Body region showing warts and ridges. I: Vulval region showing obliterated outermost ridge. J–K: Left side of body with longitudinal ridges (Scale bars = 5 μm).
Fluctuating starvation conditions modify host-symbiont relationship between a leaf beetle and its newly identified gregarine species
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Gregarines are ubiquitous endosymbionts in invertebrates, including terrestrial insects. However, the biodiversity of gregarines is probably vastly underestimated and the knowledge about their role in shaping fitness-related traits of their host in dependence of fluctuating environmental conditions is limited. Using morphological and molecular analyses, we identified a new gregarine species, <em>Gregarina cochlearium</em> sp. n., in the mustard leaf beetle, <em>Phaedon cochleariae</em>. Applying a full-factorial design, we investigated the effects of a gregarine infection in combination with fluctuating starvation conditions during the larval stage on the development time and fitness-related traits of adult beetles. Under benign environmental conditions, the relationship between gregarines and the host seemed neutral, as host development, body mass, reproduction and survival were not altered by a gregarine infection. However, when additionally exposed to starvation, the combination of gregarine infection and this stress resulted in the lowest reproduction and survival of the host, which points to a parasitic relationship. Furthermore, when the host experienced starvation, the development time was prolonged and the adult females were lighter compared to non-starved individuals, independent of the presence of gregarines. Counting of gregarines in the guts of larvae revealed a lower gregarine load with increasing host body mass under stable food conditions, which indicates a regulation of the gregarine burden in dependence of the host condition. Contrary, in starved individuals the number of gregarines was the highest, hence the already weakened host suffered additionally from a higher gregarine burden. This interactive effect between gregarine infection and fluctuating starvation conditions led to an overall reduced fitness of <em>P. cochleariae</em>. Our study emphasises the need to study endosymbionts as important components of the natural environment and to investigate the role of host-symbiont relationships under fluctuating environmental conditions in an evolutionary and ecological context.</span></p>
Top-down cascading effects of seed-feeding beetles and their parasitoids on plants and leaf herbivores
<p><span>When feeding on a plant, herbivorous insects alter the quality of the plant as a food source. This affects other organisms interacting with the same plant. These so-called 'plant-mediated interactions' can be altered by parasitoids that attack the herbivores. So far, this research area has mainly focused on interactions at the leaf level, and very little is known about plant-mediated interactions via seeds. </span><span>It is still poorly understood if seeds that survive insect damage have fewer resources to allocate to plant growth and defence against leaf herbivores, and whether parasitoids that kill seed-feeding insects mitigate such negative effects.</span></p> <p><span>Using seeds of wild lima bean plants (<em>Phaseolus lunatus</em>) we studied the effect of the intensity of infestation by seed beetles (<em>Zabrotes subfasciatus</em>) and their parasitoids (<em>Stenocorse bruchivora</em>) on the following parameters under lab conditions: seed mass and germination, plant growth and defensive compounds (cyanogenic glycosides and flavonoids) and performance of a leaf herbivore species (<em>Spodoptera latifascia</em>). In addition, we performed a field experiment using seeds with or without insect damage to investigate the consequences on plant performance and fitness in the wild.</span></p> <p><span>Seed beetle infestation had an overall negative impact on seed germination. Lab experiments revealed that damaged seeds produced plants with slower growth and reduced concentration of defensive compounds, which increased the performance of the leaf herbivores. Effects of seed-feeding on seed germination and plant growth were attenuated by parasitism, resulting in a net increase of the number of viable offspring. In the field, we observed that seed damage impaired germination, delayed flowering time and increased leaf herbivory.</span></p> <p><span>Our results show that plant-mediated interactions between insect herbivores are not limited to leaf herbivores but extend to seed herbivores. In our study system, parasitoids had no apparent effect on these interactions, despite their strong beneficial effects on germination and plant performance. These findings confirm the long-lasting consequences of indirect plant-mediated interactions in a community-wide ecological context. Furthermore, they contribute to a better understanding of the important but understudied effects of parasitoids on plant fitness.</span></p>
FIGURES 70–73 in Morphology and natural history of two species of bromeliad leaf beetles in the genus Calliaspis Dejean, 1836 from Southern Brazil, with a summary of the current knowledge of Imatidiini immatures (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
FIGURES 70–73. Apex of male and female abdomen in ventral view. (70, 71) Adults of Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956 and (72, 73) adults of Calliaspis cinnabarina Boheman, 1950).
FIGURES 64–69. Calliaspis cinnabarina Boheman, 1950 in Morphology and natural history of two species of bromeliad leaf beetles in the genus Calliaspis Dejean, 1836 from Southern Brazil, with a summary of the current knowledge of Imatidiini immatures (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
FIGURES 64–69. Calliaspis cinnabarina Boheman, 1950, pictures of its natural habitat, egg, larva and adult. (64) Natural habitat with bromeliads; (65, 66) adult colour variation, dorsal view; (67) adult feeding on the abaxial surface of a bromeliad leaf, Photography: M.A. Ulysséa; (68) egg with larva embryo; (69) first instar larva.
FIGURES 59–63. Calliaspis cinnabarina Boheman, 1950 in Morphology and natural history of two species of bromeliad leaf beetles in the genus Calliaspis Dejean, 1836 from Southern Brazil, with a summary of the current knowledge of Imatidiini immatures (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
FIGURES 59–63. Calliaspis cinnabarina Boheman, 1950 first instar larva. (59) hypopharynx with scale-like projections; (60) detail of puntation and setae on the chitinized integument of lateral membrane fringe of prothorax (61, 62) integument of abdominal segments with wart-like projections; (62) detail of projections, which are mainly distributed along the intersegmental line; (63) punctation of dorsal integument.
FIGURES 47–50. Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956 in Morphology and natural history of two species of bromeliad leaf beetles in the genus Calliaspis Dejean, 1836 from Southern Brazil, with a summary of the current knowledge of Imatidiini immatures (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
FIGURES 47–50. Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956 pupa and adult. (47) pupa inside the last larval exuvia, attached to a bromeliad leaf; (48) pupa partially detached from the leaf, partially covered by ventral part of larval exuvia; (49) leaf damage caused by adult feeding (50) adult resting on the red apex of a Wittrockia superba leaf (Bromeliaceae).
FIGURES 35–46. Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956 in Morphology and natural history of two species of bromeliad leaf beetles in the genus Calliaspis Dejean, 1836 from Southern Brazil, with a summary of the current knowledge of Imatidiini immatures (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
FIGURES 35–46. Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956 eggs and mature larva. (35) egg on a bromeliad leaf; (36) surface integument of egg case; (37) larva, lateral view; (38) chitinized lateral membrane fringe of integument; (39, 40) larva on bromeliad leaf, note the whitish spots on the larval body suggesting camouflage on the leaf surface, frontal and backlighting respectively; (41) larva crawling on a glass with a water blade, note the reddish anterior region of the body and air plastron on the region of ventral spiracle; (42) larva feeding on tough leaf tissue; (43) dead parasitized larva; (44, 45, 46) larval turning over behaviour and mobility.
FIGURES 29–32. Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956 in Morphology and natural history of two species of bromeliad leaf beetles in the genus Calliaspis Dejean, 1836 from Southern Brazil, with a summary of the current knowledge of Imatidiini immatures (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
FIGURES 29–32. Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956 mature larva. (29) detail of wart-like structures in the integument of abdominal segments; (30) wart-like structures distributed along the intersegmental line; (31) dorsal integument with chitinized lateral membrane fringe; (32) chitinized border of integument with few setae.
FIGURES 33–34. Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956 in Morphology and natural history of two species of bromeliad leaf beetles in the genus Calliaspis Dejean, 1836 from Southern Brazil, with a summary of the current knowledge of Imatidiini immatures (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
FIGURES 33–34. Calliaspis umbonata Hincks, 1956, pupa. (33, 34) Dorsal and ventral habitus, respectively.
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