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802 results for “urban data”
A STP-HSI index method for urban built-up area extraction based on multi-source remote sensing data
<p>The changes of urban built-up areas can reflect the process of urbanization, and it can reflect the population, economy, and cultural development of the city. Therefore, accurate and timely extraction of urban built-up areas plays an important role in the dynamic management of the city. In the existing research, single-source remote sensing data is used to extract urban built-up areas, and there is a problem that the spectrum of urban areas and non-urban areas is easily confused. Multi-source remote sensing data, including luojia-1 remote sensing data, Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing data, etc., can make up for the spectrum confusing issues.</p> <p>We fuse the time series information of night light remote sensing data, neighborhood information and point of interest (POI) data in spatial dimension, and propose a built-up area extraction method that integrates night light time and space information and POI information.</p>
Data for: DRD4 allele frequencies in greylag geese vary between urban and rural sites
<p>With the increasing urbanisation of the last decades, more and more bird species occur in urban habitats. Birds which thrive in urban habitats often have a higher tolerance towards human disturbance and show behaviours which differ from their rural counterparts. There is increasing evidence that many behaviours have a genetic basis. One candidate gene is the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4), which has been associated with fear and thus, flight initiation distance (FID). In this study, we analysed a segment of DRD4 in greylag geese <em>Anser anser</em>, describing the variability of this gene across several geographically distant populations, and comparing its variability between an urban and a rural site in south-west Germany. We additionally measured FIDs of urban and rural geese to test for a possible correlation with DRD4 genotypes. We found a high variation of DRD4, with 10 variable sites leading to 11 alleles and 35 genotypes. Two genotypes occurred in 60% of all geese and were thus defined as common genotypes versus 33 rare genotypes. Population differentiation was very low between the urban and rural sites in Germany but common genotypes occurred more often in the urban area and rare genotypes more often in the rural area. FID was significantly higher at the rural site, but no significant correlation between FID and DRD4 genotypes could be detected. Nevertheless, our results suggest that local site selection may be related to DRD4 genotypes.</p>
Dataset supporting publication: "Data collected by coupling fix and wearable sensors for addressing urban microclimate variability in an historical Italian city"
<p>Dataset supporting publication: “Data collected by coupling fix and wearable sensors for addressing urban microclimate variability in an historical Italian city” (publication available for download: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3901556">GEOFIT Zenodo</a>)</p> <p>Datasets resulting from monitoring activities of Sant'Apollinare systems and climatic parameters inside and outside the building (post-intervention monitoring).</p> <p>The article presents the data collected through an extensive research work conducted in a historic hilly town in central Italy during the period 2016-2017. Data concern two different datasets: long-term hygrothermal histories collected in two specific positions of the town object of the research, and three environmental transects collected following on foot the same designed path at three different time of the same day, i.e. during a heat wave event in summer. The short-term monitoring campaign is carried out by means of an innovative wearable weather station specifically developed by the authors and settled upon a bike helmet. Data provided within the short-term monitoring campaign are analysed by computing the apparent temperature, a direct indicator of human thermal comfort in the outdoors. All provided environmental data are geo-referenced. These data are used in order to examine the intra-urban microclimate variability. Outcomes from both long- and short-term monitoring campaigns allow to confirm the existing correlation between the urban forms and functionalities and the corresponding local microclimate conditions, also generated by anthropogenic actions. In detail, higher fractions of built surfaces are associated to generally higher temperatures as emerges by comparing the two long-term air temperature data series, i.e. temperature collected at point 1 is higher than temperature collated at point 2 for the 75% of the monitored period with an average of þ2.8 [1]C. Furthermore, gathered environmental transects demonstrate the high variability of the main environmental parameters below the Urban Canopy. Diversification of the urban thermal behaviour leads to a computed apparent temperature range in between 33.2 [1]C and 46.7 [1]C at 2 p.m. along the monitoring path. Reuse of these data may be helpful for further investigating interesting correlations among urban configuration, anthropogenic actions and microclimate variables affecting outdoor comfort. Additionally, the proposed dataset may be compared to other similar datasets collected in other urban contexts around the world. Finally, it can be compared to other monitoring methodologies such as weather stations and satellite measurements available in the location at the same time.</p>
urban impervious surface area (UISA) data in Shanghai in 2015 and 2018
<p>This data cite from Kuang, W., Zhang, S., Li, X., and Lu, D. (2000–2018). A 30 M Resolution Dataset of China’s Urban Impervious Surface Area and green Space, 2000-2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 13, 63–82. doi:10.5194/essd-13-63-2021</p>
Data from: Plant–moth community relationships at the degraded urban peat-bog in Central Europe
<p>Peatlands have their own, specific insect fauna. They are a habitat not only for ubiquistic but also stenotopic moths that feed on plants limited to wet, acid and oligotrophic habitats. In the past, raised bogs and fens were widely distributed in Europe. This has changed since 20th c. Due to irrigation, modern forestry and increasing human settlement, peatlands have become isolated islands in agricultural and urban landscape. Here we analyse the flora in a degraded bog situated in a large Lodz city agglomeration in Poland in relation to the diversity and composition of moth fauna. Over the last 40 years since the bog has been protected as a nature reserve, birch, willow and alder shrubs replaced the typical raised bog plant communities due to the decreased water level. The analysis of moth communities sampled in 2012 and 2013 indicates dominance of ubiquistic taxa associated with deciduous wetland forests and rushes. Tyrphobiotic and tyrphophile moth taxa were not recorded. We conclude that the absence of moths typical of bog habitats and the dominance of common, woodland species are associated with hydrological changes, the expansion of trees and brushes over typical bog plant communities and light pollution.</p>
Surface hourly measurement data of O3, NO2 and PM2.5 for "Large modeling uncertainty in projecting decadal surface ozone changes over urban and industrial regions of China"
<p>Surface hourly measurement data of O3, NO2 and PM2.5 during summer of 2017.</p> <p>In the .csv files, the first column contains the ID for each measurement site. "lon", "lat" are longitude and latitude, respectively.</p> <p>Date format is "YYYYMMDD_hour".</p>
Data used in "Morphosedimentary Response of an Urban Beach System to Interannual Variability in Shorefast Ice Dynamics"
<p>This dataset includes digital surface models (DSM) and orthomosaics of Tibbits Cove beach located along the St. Lawrence Fluvial Estuary (Québec, Canada). Surveys were conducted using a UAV before, during and after the 2021 and 2022 winter season. It also includes videos acquired with fixed cameras for these periods. For questions, please contact jean-francois.bernier@ggr.ulaval.ca.</p>
Data from: Dim light pollution prevents diapause induction in urban and rural moths
<p><span>1. </span><span>Light pollution is increasingly affecting biodiversity and may also disrupt seasonal adaptations. Even dim artificial light, such as skyglow</span><span>—</span><span>which can spread far beyond urban areas</span><span>—</span><span>can interfere with using photoperiod as a seasonal cue.</span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Here, we test how light pollution impacts diapause induction</span> <span>and whether urban evolution counteracts it, by using common-garden experiments with a common, widespread geometrid moth (<em>Chiasmia</em> <em>clathrata</em>). We raised offspring from urban and rural populations from North- and Mid-European countries in treatments with and without dim light at night.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>The dim light treatment strongly increased direct development overall</span><span>—</span><span>with no evidence for urban adaptation to it</span><span>—</span><span>but distinctly more so in Mid- than in North-European populations.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Because diapause induction is critical for surviving winter, these results indicate that dim but widespread light pollution may have detrimental effects on insect populations, especially so at mid-latitudes, and may hence explain part of the ongoing, large-scale insect declines globally.</span></p> <p><span>5. </span><em><span>Synthesis and applications</span></em><span>: Latitudinal variation in sensitivity to light pollution means that its contribution to insect declines</span><span>—</span><span>and its conservation importance</span><span>—</span><span>should likewise vary among regions. In mid-latitude regions, where populations seem more sensitive to light pollution, mitigating light pollution should be a high priority for insect conservation Reducing skyglow from cities should benefit both urban populations—which were just as susceptible as rural populations in our study—and rural populations—because skyglow extends far beyond the geographic boundaries of cities.</span></p>
Data on youth understandings of and attitudes towards carbon-smart urban green infrastructure in Kumpula, Helsinki
<p>A workshop survey -dataset detailing youth understandings of and attitudes towards carbon-smart urban green infrastructure in Kumpula, Helsinki, Finland.</p>
cultural heritage elements in Andalusia and demographic data sorted by urban category
<p>Dataset concerning cultural heritage elements and demographic data in Andalusia at the municipality level, as they appear on SIMA (Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía), March 2023. They have been sorted by urban category, depending on the number of inhabitants of each municipality: less than 1.000 inhabitants, 1.000 to 10.000 inhabitants, 10.000 to 100.000 inhabitants, and more than 100.000 inhabitants.</p>
Survey data of an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the sustainability of different types of urban agriculture
<p>In this dataset we present core data of an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of urban agriculture. The multi-criteria analysis is conducted by an Analytic Hierarchy Process and a participatory approach. The data integrate the selection and weighting of sub-criteria based on two online surveys:</p> <p>1) Survey 1: The selection of suitable sub-criteria for assessing the sustainability of urban agriculture was done by European scientific experts.</p> <p>2) Survey 2: The weighting of the selected sub-criteria was done on the example of vertical farming and community supported agriculture. Therefore, we involved stakeholders representing key actors for the implementation of urban agriculture: city administrations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) of ten German case study cities, practitioners and technical-scientific experts.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>List of data and content</strong></p> <p>1) Survey_1 (*.zip):</p> <ul> <li>Survey_1_Criteria_Selection_English: Online survey in English (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_1_Information_Sub-criteria_English: Information about the sub-criteria provided in the survey (in English) (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_1_Groups: Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests and Kruscal-Wallis) to detect group-specific differences (e.g. gender, different length or degree of experience with urban agriculture, scientific focus, target group, expertise); the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 (*.xlsx)</li> </ul> <p>2) Survey_2 (*.zip):</p> <ul> <li>Survey_2_AHP_City_Administrations_German: Online survey for city administrations in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_AHP_Practitioners_German: Online survey for practitioners and technical-scientific experts in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_AHP_NGOs_German: Online survey for NGOs in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_Information_Sub-Criteria_German: Information about the sub-criteria provided in the survey (in German) (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_Groups: Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests and Kruscal-Wallis) to detect group-specific differences (e.g. gender, different length or degree of experience with urban agriculture, scientific focus, target group, expertise); the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 (*.xlsx)</li> <li>rdata_CA_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-28: Results of the survey for city administrations (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_NGO_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-40: Results of the survey for NGOs (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_PE_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-41: Results of the survey for practitioners and technical-scientific experts (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_all_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_09-53: Total results of the survey</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data acquisition and processing</strong></p> <p>The methods are described in this linked publication:</p> <p><span>John, H., & Artmann, M. (2024). Introducing an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the sustainability of different types of urban agriculture. </span><span>I<em>nternational Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, </em></span>16 (1), 35-52<em><span>. </span></em><span>doi:<em> </em>10.1080/19463138.2024.2317795</span></p> <p>The methodology of the performed analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is published in a separate repository on GitHub including a paper that systematically explains the AHP by means of code examples, starting with the raw data, through their adaptation to the software functions of the ahpsurvey R-package, and finally, execution of the AHP up to the visualization of the results.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>The authors thank Mabel Killinger and Marie Herzig for their help in stakeholder identification as well as all experts and stakeholders for their participation in the two online surveys and their helpful comments. Data processing and analysis by means of an Analytic Hierarchy Process in R would not have been possible without the help of Björn Kasper.</p>
Data from: Supplementation of seasonal natural resources with year-round anthropogenic resources by coyotes in natural fragments within a high-density urban area
<p>Coyotes (<em>Canis latrans</em>) in urban landscapes provide important food web functions and ecological services but can also trigger human-wildlife conflict when their diet includes anthropogenic resources or domestic pets. As adaptable omnivores, coyotes adjust their diet to their environment, routinely switching among food items to accommodate spatial and seasonal differences in availability. To evaluate coyotes' potential impacts within the food web of urban Long Beach, California where human-wildlife conflict involving coyotes may occur, we analyzed 115 scat samples collected once every two weeks from two open space fragments inside the urban matrix. We hypothesized that differences in scat composition would correlate with seasonal and site differences, with greater use of anthropogenic resources during the dry season supplementing lower prey availability, and greater consumption of wild mammal prey during the wet season when rabbits and small mammals reproduce. We found coyote diet was predominately composed of natural prey and vegetation year-round. Mammals made up more of the coyote diet in the wet season than the dry, while arthropods and vegetation occurred more in dry season scats. Coyotes relied on rabbits as their main prey year-round across all sites. Domestic cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) were the third most common individual prey species found in coyote scats; we did not find evidence of domestic dog (<em>Canis lupus familiaris</em>) consumption. The overall frequency of mammalian remains did not differ across sites but did differ across sites for other prey types. While there is a potential for human-wildlife conflict in coyote's consumption of feral or domestic cats, coyotes may also be providing an ecological service by reducing cats in natural habitat fragments.</p>
Sample data for "Urban Dynamics Through the Lens of Human Mobility"
<p>Sample data in Boston for paper "Urban Dynamics Through the Lens of Human Mobility".</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Visualization of the hidden food sources of bass (Micropterus salmoides), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and minnow (Zacco platypus) using 18S rRNA V9 primers on urban Singal Reservoir in Korea
<p>Fish are the most important consumers in aquatic ecosystems, and the analysis of fish prey is very important for understanding their short-term feeding characteristics and the connectivity of food webs. In this study, DNA metabarcoding was used to identify the prey of the native fish species, <em>Zacco platypus</em> (the pale chub) and <em>Carassius carassius</em>, and an introduced species, <em>Micropterus salmoides</em>, in domestic lentic ecosystems. Prey community composition, selectivity index, prey diversity, and trophic level analyses were performed. The prey composition ratio analysis showed that in August 2020, 85.8% of <em>M. salmoides</em>' prey was fish from the orders Cypriniformes and Perciformes, and in July 2021, 100% of <em>M. salmoides</em>' prey was zooplankton from the orders Anomopoda and Calanoida. Zooplankton was the main prey of <em>Z. platypus</em> collected in August 2020 (69.5%) and <em>C. carassius</em> collected in July 2021 (88.9%). The selectivity index analysis showed that the preferred prey of M. salmoides was fish from the order Cypriniformes, the preferred prey of <em>Z. platypus</em> was phytoplankton from the division Bacillariophyta, and the preferred prey of <em>C. carassius</em> was zooplankton from the order Cladocera. For the prey width analysis, <em>C. carassius</em> had the highest BI index value (0.8), followed by <em>Z. platypus</em> (0.29), while <em>M. salmoides</em> had BI index values of 0.09, 0.19, and 0.001, indicating low prey width. These results provide fundamental data on the utility of DNA metabarcoding for dietary studies of major fish species in lentic ecosystems and for analyzing food web connectivity based on major prey items.</p>
Data from: Novel microsatellite markers for epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia recurvata L., in an urban landscape in South-eastern Brazil
<p><span>The authors present seven novel microsatellite markers for </span><em>Tillandsia recurvata</em> L. The genome assemble sequences of <em>T. recurvata</em> were obtained from NCBI (7.2Gb) (Sayers <em>et al</em>. 2022). The BioProject Accession and accession numbers are PRJNA701548 and SRX10089449, respectively. The microsatellite identification software Krait (0.5.2) (Du <em>et al</em>. 2018) was used to detect suitable microsatellites, both genome-wide and in the noncoding regions of <em>T. recurvata</em>. The single sequence repeats (SSRs) were refined to a minimum number of seven repeats of di-, tri-, or tetra-nucleotide repeat motifs. These sequences were further limited to SSRs of more than 100bp in length and low GC content (<50%). Krait (0.5.2) (Du <em>et al</em>. 2018) was also used to design the primers for the selected SSR sequences, in conjunction with the integrated Primer3 software. The criteria for primer selection included: a primer length of 18-26bp, an optimal melting temperature (Tm) of 54-59°C and GC content of <50%. These designed primers were single-plexed and amplified using the following PCR cycle: initial denaturation (95°C for 3 min), 34 cycles of 95°C for 30s, annealing for 30s (JP01-JP12: 54°C, 4873TD + 35251TD: 56°C, 19286TD: 53°C, 5044TD + 186664TD + 214633TD: 58°C), 72°C for 1 min and a final extension of 72°C for 5 mins. The authors make this information available to other researchers, to continue the investigation of epiphyte genetics.</p>
Data for: Effects of landcover on mesocarnivore density along an urban to rural gradient
<p>Human development has major implications for wildlife populations. Urban-exploiter species can benefit from human subsidized resources, whereas urban-avoider species can vanish from wildlife communities in highly developed areas. Therefore, understanding how the density of different species varies in response to landcover changes associated with human development can provide important insight into how wildlife communities are likely to change and provide a starting point for predicting the consequences of those changes. Here, we estimated the population density of five common mesocarnivore species (coyote (<em>Canis</em> <em>latrans</em>), bobcat (<em>Lynx</em> <em>rufus</em>), red fox (<em>Vulpes</em> <em>vulpes</em>), raccoon (<em>Procyon</em> <em>lotor</em>), and Virginia opossum (<em>Didelphis</em> <em>virginiana</em>)) along an urban to rural gradient in the greater Fayetteville Area, Northwest Arkansas, USA between November 2021, and March 2022. At each study site, we applied the Random Encounter Model (REM) to data from motion-triggered cameras to calculate the density of our five focal species. Coyote density ranged from 0–3.47 with a mean of 0.4 individuals/km2. Raccoon density ranged from 0–93.26 with a mean of 4.2 individuals/ km<sup>2</sup>. Bobcat density ranged from 0–8.87 with a mean of 0.33 individuals/km<sup>2</sup>. Opossum density ranged from 0–27.35 with a mean of 0.76 individuals/km<sup>2</sup>. Red fox density ranged from 0–0.73, with a mean of 0.02 individuals/km<sup>2</sup>. We used generalized linear models to evaluate the density of each species against environmental and anthropogenic variables. Coyotes and raccoons occurred in the greatest densities in areas with high anthropogenic noise levels, suggesting that both species are synanthropic and able to co-exist in areas of high human activity. Alternatively, Virginia opossum and red fox densities were greatest in open, developed areas (lawns, golf courses, cemeteries, and parks) and were absent (red fox) or rare (opossum) in natural areas. We found no evidence that bobcat density varied along the urban to rural gradient studied, but this lack of evidence may have been driven by the small spatial scale of many of our sites in relation to space needs of this wide-ranging species. The density estimates we report based on game camera data of unmarked animals were consistent with reports from the literature for these same species derived from traditional methods, providing additional support to the REM as a viable, non-invasive method to calculate density of unmarked species.</p>
BQE WIM Data Year 4 Project (Implementation and Effectiveness of Autonomous Enforcement of Overweight Trucks in an Urban Infrastructure Environment)
<p>BQE (Brooklyn-Queens Expressway) WIM Data for QB (Queens Bound) and SIB (Staten Island Bound)</p>
Volume of Interest: Exploring New Data Types in Urban Functional Zones
<p>随着全球城镇化的发展,实现城市功能区的精细化识别已成为一项挑战。基于POI数据的传统方法不足以识别不同区域的功能特征。以往研究中基本单位设置不精确、POI重分类标准模糊、功能区定义模糊等局限性,成为获得准确识别结果的重大障碍。为了解决这些问题,本研究提出了一种将POI数据扩展到三维空间并生成VOI(感兴趣体积)数据的方法。以香港一个小区域为例,采用一系列指标量化功能特征,然后将识别结果与基于POI的方法进行比较。最终鉴定总体准确率和kappa系数分别达到85.67%和0.7619,表明基于VOI的方法与实际情况基本吻合。分析表明,VOI数据包含更丰富、更全面的城市空间信息,能够更好地反映城市内不同区域之间的联系和影响。本研究可为城市功能区深入研究提供参考案例。</p>
Validating NISAR's cropland mapping approach and the USDA/NASS Cropland Data Layer against ground truth data in a fragmented urban agricultural region
<p>Field data used in manuscript:</p> <p>1 shapefile containing the ROI outline for which Sentinel-1 data was cropped</p> <p>1 shapefile containing the 93 fields investigated with their names, types and sizes as attributes </p> <p>8 annual csv data for active fields, consisting of 3 harvest dates and 5 planting dates. This list is after translating data from Farmlogic Report (not conducive to analysis in the format) and filtering for fields greater 1 acre. The study lateron further screened to use only fields greater than 2 acreas (0.81 hectares). </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Concrete survivors: The herpetofauna of an urban green area over 100 years of increasing urbanization
<p><span>The goal of our study was to evaluate changes in the assemblage of reptiles in an urban habitat over 100 years of increasing urbanization, aiming to identify which ecological attributes allowed the persistence of species that can be found in the area today. To accomplish that, we accessed historical records in two important scientific collections for the study area and carried out fieldwork to access the current reptile assemblage in an urban green area, in São Paulo, Brazil. The dataset presented here is the result of all individuals collected in the study area between 1908 and 2019, including also the animals collected by the authors during the fieldwork carried out in 2016 and preserved in the collection. </span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.