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7,849 results for “Conservancy”
Table 1 in Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Protective effect of r <i>Et</i> CHP protein on <i>E. tenella</i> infection.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Group</th><th>Average body</th><th>Mean lesion scores</th><th>Oocyst shedding</th><th>Percentage reduction</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>weight gains (g)</td><td></td><td>per bird (<i>×</i> 10 7)</td><td>of oocyst excretion (%)</td></tr><tr><th>Unchallenged control</th><td>258.62 ± 70.26c</td><td>0.00 ± 0.00a</td><td>0.00 ± 0.00a</td><td>100d</td></tr><tr><th>Challenged control</th><td>180.87 ± 45.38a</td><td>3.20 ± 0.83c</td><td>4.43 ± 0.99c</td><td>0.00a</td></tr><tr><th>r <i>Et</i> CHP-50 <b>μ</b> g</th><td>226.25 ± 24.47b</td><td>1.75 ± 0.95b</td><td>2.10 ± 0.88b</td><td>54.07 ± 11.76c</td></tr><tr><th>r <i>Et</i> CHP-100 <b>μ</b> g</th><td>235.25 ± 23.44bc</td><td>1.20 ± 0.44b</td><td>3.26 ± 2.47bc</td><td>31.99 ± 29.35b</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>a–d</sup> Values with different letters in the same column are significantly different (<i>P</i> <0.05) according to the ANOVA Duncan test.</p>
Targeting Plasmodium falciparum chondroitin sulfate a ligand: A highly conserved malaria antigen with potential for pregnancy-associated malaria vaccine development
<p>The dataset represents the details of sera samples collected from participants recruited for a longitudinal study. The sera was used for ELISA <em>in vitro</em> assays. The immunoreactivity of PfCSA-L antigen was assessed with the utilization of the gravidity status of the study participants. The antigen is used by the <em>plasmodium falciparum</em> parasite to adhere to the placenta during pregnancy and causes challenges both to the mother and her fetus.</p> <h5>Variables</h5> <ul> <li> <p>Sample_ID - This is the coded details of the study participant.</p> </li> <li> <p>Mean*od <em>_1st_visit, Mean</em>od <em>_2nd_visit, and Mean</em>od *_3rd_visit - These represent the mean reactivity values for antibody (IgG) to PfCSA-L antigen for antenatal visits 1,2 and 3 respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p>Gravida - Refers to the total number of confirmed pregnancies a female has had, regardless of the outcome of the pregnancy.</p> </li> <li> <p>PCR_Results - these are molecular diagnostic results for <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> to assess whether the study participants were positive or negative for this species. positive = 1 and negative = 0</p> </li> <li> <p>Gestation..weeks - Refers to how far along the pregnancy is, from the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle to the delivery</p> </li> <li> <p>Newborn outcome - Describes the health status of the childlren when they were born</p> </li> <li> <p>Gravida_class - Describes the different classes of gravida, such that primigravida means single pregnancy, secundigravida-second pregnancy, and tertigravida-third pregnancy</p> </li> <li> <p>Age - Describes the age of the participants recruited for the study</p> </li> <li> <p>HB_level - Describes the amount of hemoglobin in whole blood expressed in grams per deciliter (g/dl) during<br>enrolment</p> </li> <li> <p>Type of delivery - A spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) describes when a pregnant female goes into labor without the use of drugs or techniques to induce labor, and delivers her baby in the normal manner, without forceps, vacuum extraction, or a cesarean section (cs)</p> </li> <li> <p>N/A - Missing values for different variables</p> </li> </ul>
Conserved loci and tandem arrays of P450s facilitate evolution of insecticide resistance in noctuid moths
<p><span>Noctuid moths are major agricultural pests causing extensive crop damage worldwide. Their enhanced insecticide resistance is largely attributed to expansions and variations of cytochrome P450 genes, which play a pivotal role in adapting to environmental pressures. In this study, we analyzed genomic data from eight noctuid species and four representative Lepidopteran species to explore the evolutionary patterns and functional diversification of P450s. Our results reveal substantial expansions in the CYP3 and CYP4 subfamilies in noctuids, primarily driven by gene duplications forming extensive tandem arrays. Synteny analysis identified two conserved P450 loci across all examined Lepidopteran species; notably, noctuid species exhibit significant expansions at these loci—including a 20-gene cluster in <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>and an 18-gene cluster in <em>S. littoralis</em>. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these expansions are lineage-specific to noctuids. Furthermore, molecular docking of P450s from these loci with nine pesticides suggests that these gene expansions may confer resistance to pyrethroids. Our findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying noctuid adaptation and resistance, with important implications for developing more sustainable pest management strategies.</span></p>
TABLE 2. — Principal factor analysis giving factors higher than 1 in Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status
<p>TABLE 2. — Principal factor analysis giving factors higher than 1, their individual variance and the cumulative variance of these six components.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Factor</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Variable</b></th><td><b>1</b></td><td><b>2</b></td><td><b>3</b></td><td><b>4</b></td><td><b>5</b></td><td><b>6</b></td></tr><tr><th>RSVL</th><td>–0.299</td><td>0.765</td><td>0.335</td><td>–0.089</td><td>–0.059</td><td>–0.080</td></tr><tr><th>RHW</th><td>0.673</td><td>0.500</td><td>0.356</td><td>–0.136</td><td>0.175</td><td>–0.097</td></tr><tr><th>RHL</th><td>0.898</td><td>0.013</td><td>0.196</td><td>0.106</td><td>0.000</td><td>–0.016</td></tr><tr><th>RMN</th><td>0.854</td><td>0.018</td><td>0.097</td><td>0.219</td><td>–0.042</td><td>–0.032</td></tr><tr><th>RMFE</th><td>0.838</td><td>0.290</td><td>0.163</td><td>0.016</td><td>0.015</td><td>–0.149</td></tr><tr><th>RMBE</th><td>0.572</td><td>–0.062</td><td>0.210</td><td>–0.273</td><td>–0.118</td><td>–0.062</td></tr><tr><th>RIFE</th><td>0.766</td><td>–0.146</td><td>–0.068</td><td>0.289</td><td>0.209</td><td>–0.228</td></tr><tr><th>RIBE</th><td>0.786</td><td>0.119</td><td>0.212</td><td>–0.004</td><td>0.289</td><td>–0.039</td></tr><tr><th>RIN</th><td>0.613</td><td>0.138</td><td>0.041</td><td>0.187</td><td>0.245</td><td>–0.360</td></tr><tr><th>REN</th><td>0.265</td><td>–0.181</td><td>–0.160</td><td>0.776</td><td>0.026</td><td>0.156</td></tr><tr><th>REL</th><td>0.812</td><td>0.043</td><td>–0.136</td><td>0.059</td><td>0.275</td><td>0.074</td></tr><tr><th>RTYD</th><td>0.243</td><td>0.761</td><td>0.448</td><td>–0.160</td><td>0.057</td><td>0.037</td></tr><tr><th>RTYE</th><td>–0.071</td><td>–0.796</td><td>0.157</td><td>–0.337</td><td>–0.048</td><td>–0.168</td></tr><tr><th>RIUE</th><td>0.118</td><td>0.052</td><td>0.027</td><td>0.827</td><td>0.039</td><td>0.017</td></tr><tr><th>RUEW</th><td>0.672</td><td>0.416</td><td>0.198</td><td>–0.356</td><td>0.250</td><td>–0.111</td></tr><tr><th>RFLL</th><td>0.483</td><td>–0.203</td><td>0.107</td><td>0.432</td><td>0.007</td><td>–0.534</td></tr><tr><th>RHAL</th><td>0.396</td><td>0.279</td><td>0.680</td><td>–0.050</td><td>0.263</td><td>–0.043</td></tr><tr><th>RTFL</th><td>0.251</td><td>0.145</td><td>0.765</td><td>0.105</td><td>0.046</td><td>–0.133</td></tr><tr><th>RTL</th><td>–0.154</td><td>–0.588</td><td>0.156</td><td>0.604</td><td>–0.089</td><td>0.071</td></tr><tr><th>RFOL</th><td>0.272</td><td>0.465</td><td>0.713</td><td>–0.158</td><td>0.169</td><td>0.122</td></tr><tr><th>RFTL</th><td>0.014</td><td>0.031</td><td>0.635</td><td>–0.028</td><td>0.070</td><td>0.168</td></tr><tr><th>RTFOL</th><td>–0.144</td><td>–0.712</td><td>–0.210</td><td>0.535</td><td>–0.189</td><td>0.105</td></tr><tr><th>RIMT</th><td>0.263</td><td>0.672</td><td>0.468</td><td>–0.265</td><td>0.163</td><td>–0.212</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 1 in Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status
<p>TABLE 1. — List of sampling localities with the respective ecological zone (see text), locality number (No. as in Figure 1) and their geographic position.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Localities</b></th><th><b>Ecological zone</b></th><th><b>No.</b></th><th><b>Latitude</b></th><th><b>Longitude</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Nanergou</th><td>I</td><td>1</td><td>10°54’15.44”N</td><td>00°08’54.81”E</td></tr><tr><th>Mango</th><td>I</td><td>2</td><td>10°21’33.00”N</td><td>00°28’15.00”E</td></tr><tr><th>N’Gambi</th><td>I</td><td>3</td><td>10°12’29.30”N</td><td>00°47’19.20”E</td></tr><tr><th>Koumoungou</th><td>I</td><td>4</td><td>10°09’47.00”N</td><td>00°49’20.40”E</td></tr><tr><th>Kanté</th><td>II</td><td>5</td><td>09°56’44.76”N</td><td>01°03’05.84”E</td></tr><tr><th>Niamtougou</th><td>I</td><td>6</td><td>09°45’54.43”N</td><td>01°06’50.62”E</td></tr><tr><th>Kara</th><td>II</td><td>7</td><td>09°32’44.80”N</td><td>01°11’21.46”E</td></tr><tr><th>Guérin Kuka</th><td>II</td><td>8</td><td>09°41’03.80”N</td><td>00°36’47.48”E</td></tr><tr><th>Alédjo</th><td>II</td><td>9</td><td>09°15’00.17”N</td><td>01°12’03.88”E</td></tr><tr><th>Bassar</th><td>II</td><td>10</td><td>09°15’39.46”N</td><td>00°47’20.83”E</td></tr><tr><th>Binaparba</th><td>II</td><td>11</td><td>09°14’10.69”N</td><td>00°46’13.63”E</td></tr><tr><th>Bounako</th><td>II</td><td>12</td><td>09°11’01.13”N</td><td>00°54’01.61”E</td></tr><tr><th>Tchamba</th><td>III</td><td>13</td><td>09°00’58.05”N</td><td>01°25’01.14”E</td></tr><tr><th>Kalaré</th><td>II</td><td>14</td><td>08°53’56.59”N</td><td>00°57’49.41”E</td></tr><tr><th>Fazao</th><td>II</td><td>15</td><td>08°40’35.72”N</td><td>00°32’13.04”E</td></tr><tr><th>Aou Losso</th><td>III</td><td>16</td><td>08°44’57.96”N</td><td>01°02’58.70”E</td></tr><tr><th>Kpeisolongo</th><td>II</td><td>17</td><td>08°34’41.02”N</td><td>00°51’24.35”E</td></tr><tr><th>Koui</th><td>II</td><td>18</td><td>08°14’48.80”N</td><td>00°41’58.38”E</td></tr><tr><th>Yégué (Bismarkburg)</th><td>IV</td><td>19</td><td>08°10’58.80”N</td><td>00°38’60.00”E</td></tr><tr><th>Diguengué</th><td>IV</td><td>20</td><td>08°04’59.89”N</td><td>00°38’04.21”E</td></tr><tr><th>Assoukoko</th><td>IV</td><td>21</td><td>08°00’39.34”N</td><td>00°41’14.83”E</td></tr><tr><th>Badou</th><td>IV</td><td>22</td><td>07°35’48.95”N</td><td>00°37’33.71”E</td></tr><tr><th>Akloa</th><td>IV</td><td>23</td><td>07°30’23.00”N</td><td>00°35’58.40”E</td></tr><tr><th>Dobadié</th><td>IV</td><td>24</td><td>07°35’40.59”N</td><td>00°41’55.14”E</td></tr><tr><th>Oga</th><td>IV</td><td>25</td><td>07°36’15.14”N</td><td>00°49’20.96”E</td></tr><tr><th>Atakpamé</th><td>IV</td><td>26</td><td>07°31’28.17”N</td><td>01°07’27.47”E</td></tr><tr><th>Nangbéto</th><td>III</td><td>27</td><td>07°22’29.35”N</td><td>01°24’05.40”E</td></tr><tr><th>Sodo Zion</th><td>IV</td><td>28</td><td>07°19’57.20”N</td><td>00°50’29.40”E</td></tr><tr><th>Agoté</th><td>IV</td><td>29</td><td>07°15’22.48”N</td><td>00°47’39.89”E</td></tr><tr><th>Danyi Atigba</th><td>IV</td><td>30</td><td>07°12’08.29”N</td><td>00°41’03.87”E</td></tr><tr><th>Yikpa-Dzigbe</th><td>IV</td><td>31</td><td>07°07’28.62”N</td><td>00°37’33.23”E</td></tr><tr><th>Kpele Beme</th><td>IV</td><td>32</td><td>07°05’04.79”N</td><td>00°42’12.65”E</td></tr><tr><th>Kouma-Tokpli</th><td>IV</td><td>33</td><td>06°57’12.10”N</td><td>00°34’43.40”E</td></tr><tr><th>Missahohé</th><td>IV</td><td>34</td><td>06°56’60.00”N</td><td>00°34’58.80”E</td></tr><tr><th>Yo (Agomé Yo)</th><td>IV</td><td>35</td><td>06°56’38.00”N</td><td>00°35’50.10”E</td></tr><tr><th>Kpalimé</th><td>IV</td><td>36</td><td>06°54’08.16”N</td><td>00°37’57.23”E</td></tr><tr><th>Agou</th><td>IV</td><td>37</td><td>06°50’54.40”N</td><td>00°43’35.89”E</td></tr><tr><th>Gadjagan</th><td>IV</td><td>38</td><td>06°49’46.44”N</td><td>00°46’01.08”E</td></tr><tr><th>Klonou</th><td>IV</td><td>39</td><td>06°49’59.00”N</td><td>00°40’59.00”E</td></tr><tr><th>Tové</th><td>IV</td><td>40</td><td>06°48’36.70”N</td><td>00°38’24.24”E</td></tr><tr><th>Séva</th><td>IV</td><td>41</td><td>06°45’00.00”N</td><td>00°52’59.00”E</td></tr><tr><th>Adjarala</th><td>V</td><td>42</td><td>06°54’04.19”N</td><td>01°36’24.05”E</td></tr><tr><th>Afagnan</th><td>V</td><td>43</td><td>06°29’18.30”N</td><td>01°38’06.99”E</td></tr><tr><th>Kovié</th><td>V</td><td>44</td><td>06°20’51.06”N</td><td>01°09’20.23”E</td></tr><tr><th>Tsévié</th><td>V</td><td>45</td><td>06°25’11.18”N</td><td>01°12’39.49”E</td></tr><tr><th>Aného</th><td>V</td><td>46</td><td>06°14’42.58”N</td><td>01°37’05.99”E</td></tr><tr><th>Djagblé</th><td>V</td><td>47</td><td>06°14’39.38”N</td><td>01°18’25.60”E</td></tr><tr><th>Togblekopé</th><td>V</td><td>48</td><td>06°15’40.52”N</td><td>01°13’08.67”E</td></tr><tr><th>Agoé</th><td>V</td><td>49</td><td>06°12’53.76”N</td><td>01°12’38.19”E</td></tr><tr><th>Lomé</th><td>V</td><td>50</td><td>06°07’35.70”N</td><td>01°13’40.22”E</td></tr></tbody></table>
Conserved Forest on Sandy Coastal Plain, Saquarema,/RJ Brazil - Datasets (Point-Centered Quadrant Method)
<p>The Ipitangas Restinga is one of the last remnants of non-flooded restinga forest on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, from<br> Marambaia to Cabo Frio. Forest structure was studied using the point-centered quadrant method (200 points/800 individuals) and minimum diameter of 5cm at breast height and at soil level. A total of 108 species were recorded in 34 families. More informations: see Sá,C.F.C & Araujo,D.S.D. 2009.Estrutura e florística de uma floresta de restinga em Ipitangas, Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rodriguésia 60(1):147-170. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200960108 Here we available all raw of data collected beteween 1990/1993. The families and species are accordind "Flora e Funga do Brasil".</p>
A conserved fertilization complex bridges sperm and egg in vertebrates
<p>This depository contains the data associated to all Parallel Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry experiments presented in Deneke, Blaha et al, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.09.035</p>
Code and Data for Sturm and Silva (2024) A nudge to the truth: atom conservation as a hard constraint in models of atmospheric composition using an uncertainty-weighted correction
<p>This record contains the Julia photochemical model (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13385541) output in csv format used for training XGBoost in ProjectionConservationRF.py to emulate ozone photochemical formation. Nonphysical predictions that violate conservation of atoms are corrected using a closed-form, constrained least-squares approach that factors in uncertainty and scale using species-level weights. The file ozoneNOx_visualization.py contains an example and visualization for a smaller system, the primary photolytic cycle from which the Leighton relationship can be derived.</p> <p>The corresponding preprint is available here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.16109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.16109</a></p>
Household perceptions regarding bats and willingness to pay for their conservation within Mount Elgon Biosphere Reserve of Uganda
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Remarkably conserved plastid genomes of Quercus Group Cerris in China: comparative and phylogenetic analyses
Quercus is one of the most important genera for considering its economic and ecological values, with approximately 500 species worldwide. Quercus group Cerris is endemic to Eurasia (including 11 species), and three species (Quercus acutissima, Quercus chenii and Quercus variabilis) are widely distributed in China. Here, we sequenced the complete plastid genomes of Q. acutissima and Q. chenii by Illumina pair-end sequencing, and obtained an additional plastome of Q. variabilis from GenBank. Although geographically distant sampling, the three plastomes in group Cerris were remarkably conserved with regard to genome size, gene organization, GC content, and IR/SC boundary regions. The phylogenetic analysis showed that group Cerris nested in group Ilex, forming a Cerris-Ilex clade. The current study provided plastid genomic-scale data for the less intensively studied group Cerris, which would be useful for studying speciation processes, geographical structure and phylogeny within the group Cerris in the future.
Data from: Resolving a phylogenetic hypothesis for parrots: implications from systematics to conservation
Advances in sequencing technology and phylogenetics have revolutionised avian biology by providing an evolutionary framework for studying natural groupings. In the parrots (Psittaciformes), DNA-based studies have led to a reclassification of clades, yet substantial gaps remain in the data gleaned from genetic information. Here we provide an overview of published genetic data of parrots, characterise sampling depth across the phylogeny, and evaluate support for existing systematic treatments. We inferred a concatenated tree with 307 species from a 30-gene supermatrix. We recovered well-supported relationships among recently proposed clades. Taxonomic groups were more stable towards the base of the tree and increased sampling will be required to clarify relationships at the tips, particularly below the generic level. Only a third of species have been sampled intraspecifically in population genetic or phylogeographic surveys. Intraspecific sampling has not been geographically or phylogenetically even across Psittaciformes, especially poor in the cockatoos, Southeast Asia, and parts of Australo-Papua. Threatened species are poorly sampled in the Neotropics. We highlight where effort should be focused to improve sampling based on geography and conservation status. In sum, phylogenetic relationships among the major parrot clades are robust, but relationships within and between genera and species provide opportunities for future investigations.
Landscape-scale conservation mitigates the biodiversity loss of grassland birds
<p>The decline of biodiversity from anthropogenic landscape modification is among the most pressing conservation problems world-wide. In North America, long-term population declines have elevated the recovery of the grassland avifauna to among the highest conservation priorities. Because the vast majority of grasslands of the Great Plains are privately owned, the recovery of these ecosystems and bird populations within them depend on landscape-scale conservation strategies that integrate social, economic, and biodiversity objectives. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary program for private agricultural producers administered by the United States Department of Agriculture that provides financial incentives to take cropland out of production and restore perennial grassland. We investigated spatial patterns of grassland availability and restoration to inform landscape-scale conservation for a comprehensive community of grassland birds in the Great Plains. The research objectives were to 1) determine how apparent habitat loss has affected spatial patterns of grassland bird biodiversity, 2) evaluate the effectiveness of CRP for offsetting the biodiversity declines of grassland birds and 3) develop spatially explicit predictions to estimate the biodiversity benefit of adding CRP to landscapes impacted by habitat loss. We used the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of habitat loss and restoration on both the occupancy and species richness of grassland specialists within a continuum modelling framework. We found the odds of community occupancy declined by 37% for every 1 Standard Deviation (SD) decrease in grassland availability [log<i><sub>e</sub></i>(km<sup>2</sup>)] and increased by 20% for every 1 SD increase in CRP land cover [log<i><sub>e</sub></i>(km<sup>2</sup>)]. There was 17% turnover in species composition between intact grasslands and CRP landscapes, suggesting grasslands restored by CRP retained considerable, but incomplete representation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Spatially explicit predictions indicated absolute conservation outcomes were greatest at high latitudes in regions with high biodiversity, whereas the relative outcomes were greater at low latitudes in highly modified landscapes. By evaluating community-wide responses to landscape modification and CRP restoration at bioregional scales, our study fills key information gaps for developing collaborative strategies, and balancing conservation of avian biodiversity and social well-being in agricultural production landscapes of the Great Plains.</p>
Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">For successful conservation of biodiversity, it is vital to know whether protected areas in increasingly fragmented landscapes effectively conserve species. However, how large habitat fragments must be and what level of protection is required to sustain species, remains poorly known. We compiled a global dataset on almost 2000 bird species in 741 forest fragments varying in size and protection status, and show that protection is associated with higher bird occurrence, especially for threatened species. Protection becomes increasingly important with increasing size of forest fragments. For forest fragments >50 ha our results show that strict protection (IUCN cat. I-IV) is strongly associated with higher bird occurrences, whereas fragments should be at least 175 ha to observe a positive effect of moderate protection (cat. V-VI). This meta-analysis quantifies the importance of fragment size, protection status, and their interaction for the conservation of bird species communities, and stresses that protection should not be limited to large pristine areas.</p>
Data from: Annual and perennial Medicago show signatures of parallel adaptation to climate and soil in highly conserved genes
<p class="AbstractSummary">Human induced environmental change may require rapid adaptation of plant populations and crops, but the genomic basis of environmental adaptation remain poorly understood. We analyzed polymorphic loci from the perennial crop <i>Medicago sativa </i>(alfalfa or lucerne) and the annual legume model species <i>M. truncatula </i>to search for a common set of candidate genes that might contribute to adaptation to abiotic stress in both annual and perennial <i>Medicago</i> species.</p> <p class="AbstractSummary">We identified a set of candidate genes of environmental adaptation associated with environmental gradients along the distribution of the two <i>Medicago</i> species. Candidate genes for each species were detected in homologous genomic linkage blocks using genome-environment (GEA) and genome-phenotype association analyses.</p> <p>Hundreds of GEA candidate genes were species-specific, of these, 13.4% (<i>M. sativa</i>) and 24% (<i>M. truncatula</i>) were also significantly associated with phenotypic traits. A set of 168 GEA candidates were shared by both species, which was 25.4% more than expected by chance. When combined, they explained a high proportion of variance for certain phenotypic traits associated with adaptation. Genes with highly conserved functions dominated among the shared candidates and were enriched in Gene Ontology terms that have shown to play a central role in drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms by means of cellular shape modifications and other functions associated with cell homeostasis.</p> <p class="AbstractSummary">Our results point to the existence of a molecular basis of adaptation to abiotic stress in <i>Medicago</i> determined by highly conserved genes and gene functions. We discuss these results in light of the recently proposed omnigenic model of complex traits.</p>
Population structure of giant clams (sub-family: Tridacninae) across Palau: implications for conservation
<p>Giant clams (Sub-family: Tridacninae) are an important food and economic resource for the Republic of Palau. Previous surveys of giant clams conducted over 20 years ago found diverse, localized populations across Helen Reef and the Rock Islands Southern Lagoon. This study updates population structure data for Palauan giant clams and investigates the impacts of conservation on these important bivalves. We surveyed eleven sites within fringing, barrier, atoll, and oceanic reefs across the Palauan archipelago (total area = 1650m<sup>2</sup>). A total of 831 clams were measured across seven species (<i>Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, T. noae, T. squamosa, T. derasa, T. gigas, </i>and <i>Hippopus hippopus</i>). In addition, this is the first documented case of <i>T. noae</i> in Palau. Our measurements show that giant clams in Palau are among the most abundant and densely distributed compared to other Indo-Pacific reefs. <i>T. crocea </i>exhibited the highest abundance (521 individuals) and density (20.0 ± 2.9 per 50m<sup>2</sup>) of all species in this survey. However, high demand from local and international markets may have resulted in low average shell lengths and reduced abundances of adult clams within the most abundant species: <i>T. crocea, T. maxima, </i>and <i>T. squamosa</i>. Despite these harvesting pressures, Palau's incorporation of bottom-up traditional and modern conservation initiatives has positively impacted <i>T. crocea</i>, the most targeted species by local fishers. Within the Ngermedellim Marine Sanctuary, <i>T. crocea </i>exhibit high abundances of recruits and adults, suggesting that protection from fishing has increased replenishment rates and reduced mortality within this conservation area. As these bivalves continue to be exploited, we suggest that continued protection of and the implementation of size-limits will enable giant clams to remain abundant and diverse in Palau.</p>
Dataset (46 analyzed core studies) of the publication "Conservation perspectives of small-scale private forest owners in Europe: A systematic review"
<p>The dataset contains the data collected to conduct the review "Conservation perspectives of small-scale private forest owners in Europe: A systematic review".</p>
Using stable isotopes to link biogeochemical processes to biodiversity of conservation concern
<b>Description: </b><p>This data was collected at the SAFE experimental area, and two primary forest sites within the greater SAFE landscape: the Danum Valley conservation area (DVCA; N4.962°, E117.689°) and Maliau Basin conservation area (MBCA; N4.853°, E116.844°), located 36 Km north and 69 Km west of the SAFE project, respectively. DVCA is a 438 Km2 lowland dipterocarp forest reserve close to the Segama River at 210 m elevation. In comparison, MBCA is a 588 Km2 lowland and hill dipterocarp forest reserve, close to the Maliau River and reaching 1, 675 m at the highest point. Both are afforded the highest status as Class I Protected Forest Reserves by the Sabah state government, owing to the value of the areas for conservation and education. <br>In 2015 we sampled all six SAFE sites. In 2016 we did not resample one of the repeatedly logged-forest sites ('F') for logistical reasons, but extended sampling to include primary forest sites Maliau and Danum. In each year, we performed ten nights of trapping using six four-bank harp traps set along existing trails at each site (total: 60 harp trap nights per site). We checked traps late at night and early the next morning (20.30 and 08.30), and moved them each day by at least 20m. For logistical reasons, site F was only sampled using 30 harp trap nights in 2015, and site LFE was sampled three times in 2015 due to low capture rates.<br>Upon capture, we identified each bat to species and, for adult individuals, a wing membrane biopsy was taken using a 3mm punch (Schuco, Walford, UK) for stable isotope analyses and placed in separate tubes for same day processing. Heavily pregnant, highly stressed or recently recaptured bats were not sampled.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/11"><b>Using stable isotopes to link biogeochemical processes to biodiversity of conservation concern</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Research grant, NE/K016148/1)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 (374) )</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.4 (41))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM.1000-2/2 JLD.5 (153))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=5113429">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: 1_Kemp_bat_iso_data.xlsx</p><p><b>1_Kemp_bat_iso_data.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 4 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Carbon and nitrogen natural abundance stable isotope data of insects</b> (described in worksheet Insect_isotope)</p><p>Description: A single year dataset of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values on volant insects across a gradient of logging disturbance in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The data was collected between May – July 2017. </p><p>Number of fields: 15</p><p>Number of data rows: 173</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Order</b>: Taxonomic order (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Family</b>: Taxonomic family (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Highest taxonomic classification (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Location</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Site</b>: Sample site (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot</b>: Vegetation plot (2 sampled within each site) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Bottle</b>: Either "top" or "bottom" bottle of the Malaise trap (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Feeding_Guild</b>: Feeding Guild (PHY = phytophagous; DET = detritivorous, and PRED = predatory) (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: Sample weight (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.N</b>: Measure of the nitrogen peak (uA), i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>ugN</b>: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>X15N</b>: The delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.C</b>: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>ugC</b>: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>X13C</b>: The delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Georeferenced bat capture data from three field seasons, 2015-2017 in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo</b> (described in worksheet Bat_data)</p><p>Description: This dataset provides capture data from the SAFE experimental area as well as Danum Valley and Maliau Basin. The dataset covers three field campaigns spanning from 2015 – 2017. The dataset includes species annotation, capture date and time; capture location (latitude and longitude); sex, age; forearm and weight measurement, and reproductive condition. There is also an identifier to match captured individuals with isotope values.</p><p>Number of fields: 19</p><p>Number of data rows: 2490</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Bat_no</b>: Unique identifier for each individual bat captured (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Day</b>: The day that individual was captured (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Month</b>: The month that individual was captured (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Year</b>: The year that individual was captured (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date individual was captured (Field type: date)</li><li><b>TrapName</b>: Unique identifier for each trap which was erected (trap position within sites were not consistent between years, largely due to changes in the trails and vegetation structure) (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Lat</b>: Latitude of the trap in which the bat was captured (Field type: latitude)</li><li><b>Long</b>: Longitude of the trap in which the bat was captured (Field type: longitude)</li><li><b>Site</b>: The site at which the capture was made (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Family</b>: Family classification (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species classification (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Sex</b>: The sex of each capture (M= Male; F = Female) (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Age</b>: The age of each capture (A = Adult; J = Juvenile ()) (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Forearm</b>: Forearm measurement (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: Weight of bat (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Reproductive_condition</b>: Reproductive condition of the individual (M= Male; NR = Non reproductive, i.e. not yet born young; L = Lactating, i.e. milk visible below the teet; P = Pregnant; PL = Post-lactating, i.e. not currently pregnant or lactating, but evidence of having born young from distended nipples. (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Whether the individual was captured PM (traps checked for fly-ins between dusk and ~ 19:30) or AM (traps checked for fly-ins between time of evening check and ~ 08:30) (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Guild</b>: Echolocation guilds with calls classified as HDC = High-duty-cycle or LDC = Low-duty-cycle (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>Biopsy</b>: Unique identifier to associate the captured individual with the isotope data derived from the wing membrane biopsy. If no biopsy was taken there is a reason given: "RECAPTURE" – recapture as denoted by a fresh biopsy hole; "ESCAPED" – escaped the trap before handling; "BLEEDING" – with any sign of bleeding we avoided handling; "STRESSED" – due to ants in the trap, larger bats in the trap etc.; "NOT HEALED" – biopsy wound not healed from the previous visits ~4 weeks prior; "DEAD" – dead from stress; ants, or extreme weather; "PREGNANT" – heavily pregnant, therefore we avoided handling; "WITH YOUNG" – adult female with young attached; "NO BIOPSY PEN" – no sterile biopsy pens available in the field; "LOST" – biopsy lost after having been taken ; "RELEASED" – due to some kind of stress; "NOT TAKEN" - could be any of the above or another reason. (Field type: id)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Carbon and nitrogen natural abundance stable isotope data of bat wing tissue, sampled across three field seasons, 2015-2017 in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.</b> (described in worksheet Bat_isotope)</p><p>Description: This dataset provides carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of bat wing tissue (3mm punch) from individuals sampled across a gradient of logging disturbance in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The data was collected over three discrete field seasons, February – May 2015, March - July 2016 and May – July 2017</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 3145</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>N</b>: Number to show the order in which the samples were run (currently the sheet is ordered in distinct runs (32 in total across the 3 years) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Name</b>: Unique identifier to associate the isotope data with the captured individuals (matched to "Biopsy" column in "BatData.csv"). (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: Sample weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area</b>: Measure of the nitrogen peak i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>N_weight</b>: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>X15N</b>: The delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.1</b>: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>C_weight</b>: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>X13C</b>: The delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Year</b>: Year of sampling (Field type: id)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Carbon and nitrogen natural abundance stable isotope data of basal resources (living leaves, leaf litter, soil, algae and dead wood), sampled across three field seasons, 2015-2017 in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.</b> (described in worksheet Basal_resource_data)</p><p>Description: This dataset provides carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of key basal resources representing the primary and detrital resource bases. The data was collected over three discrete field seasons, February – May 2015, March - July 2016 and May – July 2017.</p><p>Number of fields: 14</p><p>Number of data rows: 647</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Source</b>: The type of biological material (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Name</b>: Identifier for each samples, of the format. PlotID_ReplicateNo (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Site</b>: Sample site (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Plot</b>: Vegetation plot (2 sampled within each site) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Location</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Round</b>: In some years some sites were visited twice (at least 1 month between visits) (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: Sample weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.N</b>: Measure of the nitrogen peak i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ugN</b>: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>X15N</b>: The delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.C</b>: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ugC</b>: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>X13C</b>: The delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Year</b>: Year in which the sample was collected (Field type: id)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2015-02-16 to 2017-07-21</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Mammalia <br> -  -  -  -  Chiroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hipposideridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hipposideros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hipposideros ater</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hipposideros bicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hipposideros cervinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hipposideros diadema</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hipposideros dyacorum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hipposideros ridleyi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nycteridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nycteris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nycteris tragata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Emballonuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Emballonura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Emballonura alecto</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Emballonura monticola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespertilionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kerivoula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kerivoula hardwickii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kerivoula intermedia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kerivoula lenis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kerivoula minuta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kerivoula papillosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kerivoula pellucida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kerivoula whiteheadi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Murina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Murina aenea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Murina cyclotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Murina peninsularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Murina rozendaali</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Murina suilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Myotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Myotis muricola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Myotis ridleyi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pipistrellus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pipistrellus javanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pipistrellus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pipistrellus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pipistrellus javanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pipistrellus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philetor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philetor brachypterus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Scotophilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Scotophilus kuhlii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpiocephalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpiocephalus harpia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phoniscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phoniscus atrox</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hesperoptenus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hesperoptenus blanfordi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pteropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Balionycteris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Balionycteris maculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megadermatidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megaderma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megaderma spasma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhinolophidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinolophus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinolophus acuminatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinolophus affinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinolophus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinolophus creaghi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinolophus sedulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinolophus trifoliatus</i> <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Endomychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bostrichidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chrysomelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erotylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Carabidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coccinellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nitidulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lucanidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptilodactylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anthribidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cantharidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mordellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhipiceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cleridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerambycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Throscidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Curculionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Histeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerylonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gyrelon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Apogonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Blattodea <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  -  Hemiptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cicadellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cydnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fulgoroidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Reduviidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Miridae <br> -  -  -  -  Lepidoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  -  Psocodea <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Endomychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bostrichidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chrysomelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erotylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Carabidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coccinellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nitidulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lucanidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptilodactylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anthribidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cantharidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mordellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhipiceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cleridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerambycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Throscidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Curculionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Histeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerylonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gyrelon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Apogonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Hemiptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cicadellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cydnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fulgoroidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Reduviidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Miridae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mycetophilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Empididae <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Endomychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bostrichidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chrysomelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erotylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Carabidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coccinellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nitidulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lucanidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptilodactylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anthribidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cantharidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mordellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhipiceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cleridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerambycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Throscidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Curculionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Histeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerylonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gyrelon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Apogonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Blattodea <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  -  Hemiptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cicadellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cydnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fulgoroidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Reduviidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Miridae <br> -  -  -  -  Lepidoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  -  Psocodea <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Endomychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bostrichidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chrysomelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erotylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Carabidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coccinellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nitidulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lucanidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptilodactylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anthribidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cantharidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mordellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhipiceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cleridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerambycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Throscidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Curculionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Histeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerylonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gyrelon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Apogonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Hemiptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cicadellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cydnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fulgoroidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Reduviidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Miridae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mycetophilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Empididae <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Endomychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bostrichidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chrysomelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erotylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Carabidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coccinellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nitidulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lucanidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptilodactylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anthribidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cantharidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mordellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhipiceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cleridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerambycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Throscidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Curculionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Histeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerylonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gyrelon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Apogonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Blattodea <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  -  Hemiptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cicadellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cydnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fulgoroidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Reduviidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Miridae <br> -  -  -  -  Lepidoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  -  Psocodea <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Endomychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bostrichidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chrysomelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erotylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Carabidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coccinellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nitidulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lucanidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptilodactylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anthribidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Staphylinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  Ruteliinae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cantharidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mordellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhipiceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cleridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ptinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerambycidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Throscidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Curculionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Histeridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cerylonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gyrelon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Melolonthidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Apogonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Hemiptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cicadellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cydnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coreidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fulgoroidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Reduviidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Miridae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mycetophilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Empididae <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ichneumoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vespidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bethylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apoidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Braconidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pompilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scoliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chalcidoidea <br> -  -  -  Arachnida <br> -  -  -  -  Araneae <br></div><p></p>
Multiple-model stock assessment frameworks for precautionary management and conservation on fishery-targeted coastal dolphin populations off Japan
<p>1. Stock assessment approaches are often oversimplified due to lack of biological knowledge and insufficient data. In spite of worldwide attention, fishery-targeted coastal dolphin species in Japan have lacked in-depth quantitative stock assessments because of limited time-series of population size and an absence of associated biological information. We consequently developed integrated population models that analyzed multiple sources of data simultaneously with published biological information within a Bayesian framework.<br> 2. We estimate population status and trends for three main species targeted by fisheries, bottlenose dolphins <em>Tursiops truncatus</em>, Risso's dolphins <em>Grampus griseus</em>, and short-finned pilot whales <em>Globicephala macrorhynchus</em>, using single-species age-aggregated and age-structured population dynamics models. Models were fit to absolute abundance estimates from systematic line-transect surveys, four series of abundance indices calculated from fisher's logbooks, and historical catch records. Published biological information was used to develop prior distributions for the biological parameters. We assessed the possible effects of ecological disturbance and competition using state-space and multispecies models.<br> 3. The multispecies model was selected by the model selection both for the age-aggregated and the age-structured approaches.<br> 4. Single-species assessments found that population size declined 4.2% (Risso's dolphin) to 8.0% (bottlenose dolphin) for three species since the late 1800s based on median posterior values, while the state-space and multispecies models found that environmental disturbance and an interaction among species could have reduced population size more substantially.<br> 5. '<em>Policy implications</em>' Simple single-species models are often used to provide conservation and management advice for wild animals but, in this case, results from such models are overly optimistic because they overlook important ecological process. In contrast, current population status could be less favorable if environmental disturbance and interspecific competition actually control population dynamics. Even if that is not the case, considering ecological process in the model will provide more precautionary ways. Our approach of combining multiple modelling frameworks is applicable to many other management systems, and offers increased confidence in estimated status and trends over assessments that consider only a single model.</p>
FIG. 1 in Lectotypification de Raphia sudanica A. Chev. (Arecaceae, Calamoideae), et commentaires sur la biologie et la conservation de l'espèce
FIG. 1. — Lectotype de Raphia sudanica A. Chev., Chevalier 12867 (P01793096).
Within-year and among-year variation in impacts of targeted conservation management on juvenile survival in a threatened population
<p>1. Overall impacts of targeted conservation interventions on population growth rate (λ) will depend on within-year and among-year variation in exposure of target individuals to interventions, and in intervention efficacy in increasing vital rates of exposed individuals. Juvenile survival is one key vital rate that commonly varies substantially within and among years, and consequently drives variation in λ. However, within-year, among-year and overall impacts of targeted interventions on population-wide survival probabilities of potentially mobile juveniles are rarely quantified, precluding full evaluation and evidence-based refinement of interventions.</p> <p>2. We applied multi-state mark-recapture models to eight years of ring-resighting data from a threatened red-billed chough (<i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i>) population to quantify within-year and among-year variation in juvenile exposure to a targeted intervention of supplementary feeding and parasite treatment, and to estimate efficacy in increasing juvenile survival probability. We then combined and up-scaled these estimated effects to evaluate the impact of the eight-year intervention on overall population-wide survival probability and resulting population size.</p> <p>3. High proportions of surviving juveniles (>70%) were exposed to the intervention across the annual biological cycle in all years. Exposure was associated with higher short-term survival probabilities through the full annual cycle. Consequently, management increased estimated population-wide annual juvenile survival by approximately 0.14. However, such effects were only evident in cohorts with low overall annual survival.</p> <p>4. Population models projected that these impacts on annual juvenile survival substantially reduced population decline, such that population size at the end of the eight-year intervention was approximately double that without management.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. Our results show how complex patterns of within-year and among-year variation in exposure and efficacy of targeted conservation interventions can arise and scale up to affect population-level outcomes. We demonstrate positive effects of a major intervention, but also highlight potential routes to improve efficacy, for example through more precise targeting of agricultural management actions in the context of among-year variation in environmental conditions.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.