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432 results for “Flea beetles”
FIGURES 27–32 in Ivalia Jacoby-a flea beetle genus new to Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
FIGURES 27–32. Ivalia lescheni, sp. nov. 27: female pygidium, dorsal; 28: vaginal palps; 29: aedeagus, ventral; 30: aedeagus, lateral; 31: spiculum ventrale; 32: spermatheca.
FIGURES 12–15 in Ivalia Jacoby-a flea beetle genus new to Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
FIGURES 12–15. Ivalia iridescens, sp. nov. 12: general appearance, dorsal; 13: general appearance, lateral; 14: head; 15: pronotum, dorsal.
FIGURES 5–11 in Ivalia Jacoby-a flea beetle genus new to Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
FIGURES 5–11. Ivalia reidi, sp. nov. 5: spermatheca; 6: abdomen, ventral; 7: female pygidium, dorsal; 8: aedeagus, ventral; 9: aedeagus, lateral; 10: vaginal palps; 11: spiculum ventrale.
FIGURES 1–4 in Ivalia Jacoby-a flea beetle genus new to Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
FIGURES 1–4. Ivalia reidi, sp. nov. 1: general appearance, dorsal; 2: general appearance, lateral; 3: head; 4: pronotum, dorsal.
FIGURES 23–26 in Ivalia Jacoby-a flea beetle genus new to Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
FIGURES 23–26. Ivalia lescheni, sp. nov. 23: general appearance, dorsal; 24: general appearance, lateral; 25: head; 26: pronotum, dorsal.
FIGURES 16–22 in Ivalia Jacoby-a flea beetle genus new to Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
FIGURES 16–22. Ivalia iridescens, sp. nov. 16: abdomen, ventral; 17: female pygidium, dorsal; 18: spermatheca; 19: aedeagus, ventral; 20: aedeagus, lateral; 21: spiculum ventrale; 22: vaginal palps.
FIGURE 33 in Ivalia Jacoby-a flea beetle genus new to Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
FIGURE 33. Map of the type localities of Australian Ivalia species. Legend: triangle—Ivalia reidi sp. nov.; square —Ivalia lescheni sp. nov.; circle—valia iridescens sp. nov.
Figs. 1–3. Flea beetle habitus. 1 in A New Species ofBurumoseriaCsiki, 1939 from Taiwan, with Redescription of the Genus and New Synonymy ofLicyllusJacoby, 1885 withThrasychromaJacoby, 1885 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)
Figs. 1–3. Flea beetle habitus. 1) Burumoseria partita, illustration by Eleonore Dixon-Roche; 2) Licyllus splendidus Jacoby, illustration by Mary Metz; 3) Thrasychroma sp., illustration by Maayan Harel.
Figs. 20–23. Distigmoptera borealis, larva. 20 in Discovery of the First Nearctic Moss-Eating Flea Beetle, Distigmoptera borealis Blake, 1943 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)
Figs. 20–23. Distigmoptera borealis, larva. 20) Dorsal habitus; 21) Lateral habitus; 22) Thoracic segments; 23) Abdominal segments.
Figs. 31–35. Distigmoptera borealis. 31 in Discovery of the First Nearctic Moss-Eating Flea Beetle, Distigmoptera borealis Blake, 1943 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)
Figs. 31–35. Distigmoptera borealis. 31) Pupa, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively; 32) Larval habitat; 33) Mostly Weissia with assorted vascular plants; 34) Mostly Reboulia (flat green), Weissia, other assorted bryophytes, and Nostoc sp. (Nostocaceae; dark, black, never observed in culture, so it could not be determined if there was any flea beetle feeding on it); 35) Larva feeding on Weissia controversa.
Figs. 24–30. Distigmoptera borealis, larva. 24 in Discovery of the First Nearctic Moss-Eating Flea Beetle, Distigmoptera borealis Blake, 1943 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)
Figs. 24–30. Distigmoptera borealis, larva. 24) Head, 3/4 view; 25) Head, frontal view; 26) Mandibles; 27) Labium; 28) Labrum; 29) Apical abdominal segments; 30) Leg.
Figs. 10–19. Distigmoptera borealis. 10 in Discovery of the First Nearctic Moss-Eating Flea Beetle, Distigmoptera borealis Blake, 1943 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)
Figs. 10–19. Distigmoptera borealis. 10) Mesotergite; 11) Metatergite, C1–C3 and D ridge numbers according to Konstantinov (1998); 12) Meso- and metasternites; 13) Metendosternite; 14) Middle leg; 15) Hind leg; 16) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal, ventral, lateral, and dorsal views, respectively; 17) Spermatheca; 18) Tignum; 19) Vaginal palpi.
Figs. 2–9. Distigmoptera borealis. 2 in Discovery of the First Nearctic Moss-Eating Flea Beetle, Distigmoptera borealis Blake, 1943 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)
Figs. 2–9. Distigmoptera borealis. 2) Dorsal habitus; 3) Lateral habitus; 4) Head, frontal view; 5) Head and pronotum; 6) Pronotum, right anterolateral corner; 7–8) Female abdomen, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; 9) Left elytron.
Figure 5 from: Ruan Y, Konstantinov AS, Shi G, Tao Y, Li Y, Johnson AJ, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu J, Li W, Ge S, Yang X (2020) The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg. ZooKeys 915: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348
Figure 5 The dynamics of the catapult mechanism of the flea beetle hind leg powered by the elastic plate (Asiophrida xanthospilota, micro-CT 3D reconstructions from four different phases of the jumping leg). (F1 indicates the force generated by tibial extensor muscles responsible for extension of the tibia; F2 indicates the force responsible for flexion of the tibia which is indirectly generated by tibial flexor muscles). A–D 3D reconstructions of four hind legs through each of the four phases of the jump, indicating variable d1 (moment arm of F1) and d2 (moment arm of F2). d1 is at its minimal length at the start of the hind leg extension and at its maximal length during the middle; by contrast, d2 is at its maximal length at the start of the hind leg extension and at its minimal at the end A phase I B phase II C phase III D phase IV E the positive feedback mechanism in the take-off process. F2 comprises F21, which is the constrained force generated by the elastic plate, and F22, which is generated by the tibial flexor muscle F the triangular plate – elastic plate complex (lateral view) G the triangular plate – elastic plate complex (dorsal view) H the elastic plate (dorsal view, under light microscope, dark-field microscopy) I the triangular plate (dorsal view, under light microscope, dark-field microscopy). Abbreviations: epl: elastic plate; tli-2: secondary tibial ligament; tpl: triangular plate; ten: tendon of tibial flexor.
Supplementary material 1 from: Ruan Y, Konstantinov AS, Shi G, Tao Y, Li Y, Johnson AJ, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu J, Li W, Ge S, Yang X (2020) The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg. ZooKeys 915: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348
: Data type: multimedia
Figure 4 from: Ruan Y, Konstantinov AS, Shi G, Tao Y, Li Y, Johnson AJ, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu J, Li W, Ge S, Yang X (2020) The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg. ZooKeys 915: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348
Figure 4 Take-off strategy of flea beetles (Asiophrida xanthospilota is shown in the photos at the top of the figure). Acceleration data were calculated based on three typical jumps recorded by a high-speed camera. The three different species were chosen to represent flea beetles with different sizes A Phase I (Crunching): tibial flexor muscles contract, causing flexion of the tibia B Phase II (Co-contraction): tibial extensor muscles and tibial flexor muscles contract simultaneously, catching the triangular plate and hindering the extension of the tibia C Phase III (Triggering and Acceleration), the triangular plate is dislodged, causing the explosive release of energy D Phase IV (Relaxation), the flea beetle is catapulted into the air and the muscles begin to relax.
Figure 1 from: Ruan Y, Konstantinov AS, Shi G, Tao Y, Li Y, Johnson AJ, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu J, Li W, Ge S, Yang X (2020) The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg. ZooKeys 915: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348
Figure 1 Jumping apparatus in the flea beetle hind leg. A a model of a generic flea beetle (lateral view), indicating the enlarged hind leg B hind leg of Trachytetra obscura under a light microscope (dark-field microscopy) C–H X-ray computer tomography-based 3D reconstructions of the hind leg of the flea beetle Asiophrida xanthospilotaC lateral view of the hind leg and internal structures D dorsal view of the hind leg E lateral view of the hind leg (view from an opposite direction of inset C) F lateral view of the metafemoral spring G ventral view of the metafemoral spring H femorotibial joint. Abbreviations: epl: elastic plate; piv: tibial pivot of femorotibial joint; tli-1: primary tibial ligament; tli-2: secondary tibial ligament; tpl: Lever's triangular plate.
Supplementary material 4 from: Ruan Y, Konstantinov AS, Shi G, Tao Y, Li Y, Johnson AJ, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu J, Li W, Ge S, Yang X (2020) The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg. ZooKeys 915: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348
: Data type: multimedia
Figure 3 from: Ruan Y, Konstantinov AS, Shi G, Tao Y, Li Y, Johnson AJ, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu J, Li W, Ge S, Yang X (2020) The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg. ZooKeys 915: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348
Figure 3 Variation in the metafemoral spring of different flea beetle species (3D reconstructions). A hind femur of Altica cirsicolaB hind femur of Podontia luteaC hind femur of Psylliodes sp. D hind femur of Nonarthra sp. E hind femur of Clavicornaltica sp. F hind femur of Hespera lomasa. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
Figure 2 from: Ruan Y, Konstantinov AS, Shi G, Tao Y, Li Y, Johnson AJ, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu J, Li W, Ge S, Yang X (2020) The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg. ZooKeys 915: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348
Figure 2 Internal structures of the hind leg of Altica cirsicola. A the flea beetle Altica sp. on foliage B–F X-ray computer tomography 3D reconstructions of the hind leg of A. cirsicolaB lateral view of the left hind leg C lateral view of the metafemoral spring D distal view of the metafemoral spring E distal view of the metafemoral spring and tibial extensors F features of the femorotibial joint. Abbreviations: cox: coxa; exa: extended arm of the metafemoral spring; epl: elastic plate; fem: femur; msp: metafemoral spring; ner: nerve; piv: tibial pivot of the femorotibial joint; rfl: recurve flange of the metafemoral spring; tar: tarsi; tex-1: primary tibial extensor; tex-2: secondary tibial extensor; tfl: tibial flexor; tib: tibia; tli-1: primary tibial ligament; tli-2: secondary tibial ligament; tpl: Lever's triangular plate; tra: trachea; tro: trochanter.
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