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1,855 results for “Fungus”

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zenodo36/100

Fig. 1 in Chemical control of leaf-cutting ants: how do workers disperse toxic bait fragments onto fungus garden?

Fig. 1. Variograms columns: control, sulfluramid and indoxacarb.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

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Figure 1 in New silken fungus beetle species (Coleoptera, Cucujiformia, Cryptophagidae) from Rovno amber

Figure 1. Cryptophagus vorontsovi sp. nov.: A – dorsal view (image), B – ventral view (image).

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

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Illuminating ecology and distribution of the rare fungus Phellinidium pouzarii in the Bavarian Forest National Park

Due to their cryptic lifestyle, hidden diversity and a lack of ecological knowledge, conservation of wood-inhabiting fungi used to be a niche interest. Molecular methods are able to provide deeper insights into the ecology of rare fungal species. We investigated the occurrence of the rare wood-inhabiting fungus Phellinidium pouzarii across the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany using a fruit body survey, metabarcoding and qPCR. Additionally, we sequenced the genome of P. pouzarii and characterized the chemical substances responsible for its distinctive scent. Our approach gave matching results between amplicon sequencing and qPCRs, however, we found no evidence that P. pouzarii is more abundant in the National Park than we can assume based on fruit body inventories, underlining the species’ critically endangered status. Genomics revealed P. pouzariis repertoire of ligninolytic enzymes, pointing towards a white rot lifestyle. Two main components of P. pouzariis distinct odour we identified (2-phenylethanol, methyl p-anisate) are known to act as insect attractants and/or to possess antimicrobial properties. While P. pouzarii seems to be less competitive than other white-rotters based on its enzymatic repertoire, copy number variation and genome size, the production of 2-phenylethanol might be a way of reducing competition and facilitate dispersal via insects.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

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Data set for the article "Recently photoassimilated Carbon and fungus-delivered Nitrogen are spatially correlated at the cellular scale in the ectomycorrhizal tissue of Fagus sylvatica"

This dataset contains data that support the manuscript Mayerhofer et al (2021) "Recently photoassimilated Carbon and fungus-delivered Nitrogen are spatially correlated at the cellular scale in the ectomycorrhizal tissue of Fagus sylvatica", The New Phytologist, DOI:10.1111/nph.17591 It contains the following data: (1) NanoSIMS imaging data, which was used for Fig. 4-7, is provided in NanoSIMS_control_root_tip.zip and NanoSIMS_labelled_root_tip.zip. Each zip-files contains: <ul> <li>the original NanoSIMS images (.im)</li> <li>their related checkfiles (.chk_im)</li> <li>ROIs description (.rois.zip)</li> </ul> of the unlabelled control and the labelled root tip section, respectively. ".im" and ".chk_im" are the original image data aquisition files from the NanoSIMS instrument. "rois.zip" files describe selected regions of interests and were created utilizing the OpenMIMS plugin (Center for Nano Imaging, https://nano.bwh.harvard.edu/MIMSsoftware) for the image analysis software ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). (2) Means and standard deviations of all measured elements and isotopes of each region of interest, as obtained via the .rois.zip files from the NanoSIMS images, are reported in NanoSIMS_ROI_data.csv (used for Fig.7). (3) Linescan_data.csv contains data used for Fig. 8. (4) IRMS_roots_data.csv contains data of root segments and mycorrhizal root tips analysed with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) (used for Fig. 2) Description of column meanings from csv data files can be found in the according "_description" files.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

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The multidimensional nutritional niche of fungus-cultivar provisioning in free-ranging colonies of a neotropical leafcutter ant

Foraging trails of leafcutter colonies are iconic scenes in the Neotropics, with ants collecting freshly-cut plant fragments to provision a fungal food crop. We hypothesized that the fungus-cultivar's requirements for macronutrients and minerals govern the foraging niche breadth of Atta colombica leafcutter ants. Analyses of plant fragments carried by foragers showed how nutrients from fruits, flowers, and leaves combine to maximize cultivar performance. While the most commonly foraged leaves delivered excess protein relative to the cultivar's needs, in vitro experiments showed that the minerals P, Al, and Fe may expand the leafcutter foraging niche by enhancing the cultivar's tolerance to protein-biased substrates. A suite of other minerals reduces cultivar performance in ways that may render plant fragments with optimal macronutrient blends unsuitable for provisioning. Our approach highlights how the nutritional challenges of provisioning a mutualist can govern the multidimensional realized niche available to a generalist insect herbivore.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

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Figure 79-80. Epytus cyaneus. 79 in Pleasing fungus beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Erotylinae)

Figure 79-80. Epytus cyaneus. 79) Head and pronotum, lateral-anterior view. 80) Venter.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2009View details →

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Figure 46-47 in Pleasing fungus beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Erotylinae)

Figure 46-47. Iphiclus (Neoogaster) spp., dorsal habitus. 46) I. suturalis. 47) I. guadeloupensis.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2009View details →

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Effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Mucor hiemalis BO-1 on the physical functions and transcriptional signatures of Bradysia odoriphaga larvae

Mucor hiemalis BO-1 is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects Bradysia odoriphaga, a destructive root maggot. M. hiemalis BO-1 possesses stronger pathogenicity to the larvae than to other stages of B. odoriphaga and provides satisfactory field control. However, the physiological response of B. odoriphaga larvae to infection and the infection mechanism of M. hiemalis are unknown. We detected some physiological indicators of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae infected by M. hiemalis BO-1. These included changes in consumption, nutrient contents and digestive and antioxidant enzymes. We performed transcriptome analysis of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae and found that M. hiemalis BO-1 showed acute toxicity to B. odoriphaga larvae and was as toxic as some chemical pesticides. The food consumption of diseased B. odoriphaga after inoculation with M. hiemalis spores decreased significantly, and there was a significant decrease in total protein, lipid and carbohydrates in diseased larvae. Key digestive enzymes (protease, α-amylase, lipase and cellulase) were significantly inhibited during infection. Peroxidase maintained high activity, and the activity of other antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferases) first increased and then decreased. Combined with the transcriptional signatures of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae, M. hiemalis BO-1 infection resulted in decreased food consumption, reduced digestive enzyme activity and altered energy metabolism and material accumulation. Infection was also accompanied by fluctuations in immune function, such as cytochrome P450 and the Toll pathway. Therefore, our results laid a basis for the further study of the interactions between M. hiemalis BO-1 and B. odoriphaga and promoted the genetic improvement of entomopathogenic fungi.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

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Sequence diversity in MAX effectors and other genes in 120 isolates of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

- list_of_accessions_and_assembly_statistics.xlsx: list of 120 isolate and genome assembly statistics - assemblies.zip: genome assemblies with repeats were not masked - orthogroups.txt: list of orthogroups in orthogroups.zip -orthogroups.zip: sequences of orthogroups, as identified using Orthofinder. Sequences were aligned using translatorX (https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq291) - single_copy_orthologs.zip: folder which contains aligned sequences of single-copy orthologs (alignment with translatorX https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq291); three types of genes were distinguished: MAX effectors, other secreted proteins, and other genes; note that to produce this dataset, the 11 orthogroups that included paralogous copies of MAX effectors were split into sets of orthologous sequences using genealogies inferred using RAXML v8, yielding a total of 94 single-copy MAX orthologs; for each split orthogroup, sets of orthologous sequences were assigned a number that was added to the orthogroup’s identifier as a suffix (for instance paralogous sequences of orthogroup OG0000244 were split into orthogroups OG0000244_1 and OG0000244_2)

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

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Data from: Effects of light quality on colonization of tomato roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and implications for growth and defense

Beneficial soil microbes can enhance plant growth and defense, but the extent to which this occurs depends on the availability of resources, such as water and nutrients. However, relatively little is known about the role of light quality, which is altered during shading, resulting in a low red: far-red ratio (R:FR) of light. We examined how low R:FR light influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)-mediated changes in plant growth and defense using Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and the insect herbivore Chrysodeixis chalcites. We also examined effects on third trophic level interactions with the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. Under low R:FR light, non-mycorrhizal plants activated the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), resulting in enhanced biomass production. However, mycorrhizal inoculation decreased stem elongation in shaded plants, thus counteracting the plant's SAS response to shading. Unexpectedly, activation of SAS under low R:FR light did not increase plant susceptibility to the herbivore in either non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal plants. AMF did not significantly affect survival or growth of caterpillars and parasitoids but suppressed herbivore-induced expression of jasmonic acid-signaled defenses genes under low R:FR light. These results highlight the context-dependency of AMF effects on plant growth and defense and the potentially adverse effects of AMF under shading.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

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Social network and fitness data from age-structured populations of forked fungus beetles

We investigated the relationships between age, social behavior, and fitness at three levels of organization: the individual, the local social environment, and the population. Replicate groups of forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus) were engineered to have either young- or old- biased age structures, and both social and reproductive behaviors were recorded.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

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Data for: Environments and hosts structure the bacterial microbiomes of fungus-gardening ants and their symbiotic fungus gardens

The fungus gardening-ant system is considered a complex, multi-tiered symbiosis between the ants, their fungus, and microorganisms associated with either ants or fungus. We examine the bacterial microbiome of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis and Mycetomoellerius turrifex ants and their symbiotic fungus garden, using 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing, over a large geographical region. Typically microorganisms can be acquired from a parent colony (vertical transmission) or from the environment (horizontal transmission). Because the symbiosis is characterized by co-dispersal of the ants and fungus, elements of both ant and fungus garden microbiome could be characterized by vertical transmission, for example. The goals of this study were to explore how both the ant and fungus garden bacterial microbiome were acquired. The main findings were that different mechanisms appear to explain the structure the microbiomes of ants and their symbiotic fungus gardens. Ant associated microbiomes had a strong host ant signature, which suggests vertical inheritance of the ant associated bacterial microbiome. On the other hand, the bacterial microbiome of the fungus garden was more complex in that some components appear to be structured by the ant host species whereas other by fungal lineage or region. Thus bacteria in fungus gardens appear to be acquired both horizontally and vertically.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

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Deep Learning for Detecting Verticilium Fungus in Olive Trees Using YOLO in UAV Imagery Dataset

Dataset used in the paper entitled "Deep Learning for Detecting Verticillium Fungus in Olive Trees: Using YOLO in UAV Imagery". Contains UAV RGB images of three olive fields located in Greece.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Early detection and environmental drivers of sewage fungus outbreaks in rivers

Sewage effluent is a major ongoing threat to water quality and biodiversity in freshwater environments. It can cause outbreaks of sewage fungus (filamentous bacteria which form macroscopic masses) but, until now, these were only qualitatively recorded from visual inspection, ignoring microscopic forms. Here, we used an innovative method which combines machine learning, microscopy and flow cytometry, to rapidly and efficiently quantify the presence and abundance of sewage fungus in rivers. Our study involved 11 rivers with (n=6) and without (n=5) sewage input in the south-west of England over four sampling occasions. We were able to detect and enumerate the filaments before masses became visible to the naked eye and, as expected, we found a higher number of filaments downstream of sites where treated sewage was offloaded into the river. Therefore, our detection method could be used as a 'canary in the coal mine' for future outbreaks allowing early intervention. Combining our quantitative data on filaments with data on the physical and chemical parameters of the rivers, we found that high conductivity, sulphate, nitrates and TDS were associated with the presence and proliferation of sewage fungus. This information can be extremely useful for regulatory bodies and water companies to develop mitigating strategies and action to prevent future outbreaks.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

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