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Data from: Experimental and numerical investigations on spray characteristics of fatty acid methyl esters
The comparative experimental and numerical study is conducted to establish the significance of the use of single component over the multi-component representative of the biodiesel, diesel and their blend for predicting the spray tip penetration. The single component representatives of biodiesel, methyl oleate and methyl laurate and for the diesel are n-heptane, n-dodecane and n-tetradecane are studied. The methyl laurate is found to represent biodiesel of coconut, whereas methyl oleate is found to represent biodiesel having high percentage of long-chain fatty acid esters. The spray tip penetration of methyl oleate is found to be in good agreement with the measured spray tip penetration of karanja biodiesel. The spray tip penetration prediction of n-heptane fuel is closely following diesel spray tip penetration along with that of n-tetradecane and n-dodecane. The study suggests that the knowledge of the single component representative of biodiesel, diesel and their blend is sufficient to predict the spray tip penetration of the corresponding biodiesel, diesel and their blend under non-evaporating environment.
Data from: Aquatic insects rich in omega-3 fatty acids drive breeding success in a widespread bird
Ecologists studying bird foraging ecology have generally focused on food quantity over quality. Emerging work suggests that food quality, in terms of highly unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (HUFA), can have equally important effects on performance. HUFA, which are present in aquatic primary producers, are all but absent in vascular plants, and HUFA content is also correspondingly higher in aquatic insects. Here, we show that Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) chicks rapidly accumulate HUFA from food during the nestling period. Using data sampled over 24 years, we also show that Tree Swallow breeding success is positively associated with the availability of HUFA-rich aquatic insects. Variation in aquatic insect biomass during chick development was a strong predictor of fledging success, while variation in terrestrial insects had little effect on fledging success. Our results highlight the potential for nutritional mismatches between insectivores and high-quality prey to affect avian reproductive performance.
Data from: Increased dietary intake of saturated fatty acid heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) associated with decreasing ferritin and alleviated metabolic syndrome in dolphins
Similar to humans, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) can develop metabolic syndrome and associated high ferritin. While fish and fish-based fatty acids may protect against metabolic syndrome in humans, findings have been inconsistent. To assess potential protective factors against metabolic syndrome related to fish diets, fatty acids were compared between two dolphin populations with higher (n = 30, Group A) and lower (n = 19, Group B) mean insulin (11 ± 12 and 2 ± 5 μIU/ml, respectively; P < 0.0001) and their dietary fish. In addition to higher insulin, triglycerides, and ferritin, Group A had lower percent serum heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) compared to Group B (0.3 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.4%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Using multivariate stepwise regression, higher percent serum C17:0, a saturated fat found in dairy fat, rye, and some fish, was an independent predictor of lower insulin in dolphins. Capelin, a common dietary fish for Group A, had no detectable C17:0, while pinfish and mullet, common in Group B's diet, had C17:0 (41 and 67 mg/100g, respectively). When a modified diet adding 25% pinfish and/or mullet was fed to six Group A dolphins over 24 weeks (increasing the average daily dietary C17:0 intake from 400 to 1700 mg), C17:0 serum levels increased, high ferritin decreased, and blood-based metabolic syndrome indices normalized toward reference levels. These effects were not found in four reference dolphins. Further, higher total serum C17:0 was an independent and linear predictor of lower ferritin in dolphins in Group B dolphins. Among off the shelf dairy products tested, butter had the highest C17:0 (423mg/100g); nonfat dairy products had no detectable C17:0. We hypothesize that humans' movement away from diets with potentially beneficial saturated fatty acid C17:0, including whole fat dairy products, could be a contributor to widespread low C17:0 levels, higher ferritin, and metabolic syndrome.
Data from: A pollen fatty acid enhances learning and survival in bumblebees
Learning associations between food-related stimuli and nutrients allows foragers to collect resources efficiently. In turn, the nutrients foragers consume can themselves affect learning performance, through innate preferences for pre-ingestive stimuli, as well as post-ingestive reinforcement. Bees are insect models of learning and memory, yet the vast majority of this research concerns nectar (carbohydrate) rather than pollen (protein/lipid) rewards, despite the fact that many bees collect both simultaneously. We asked how one component of pollen surface chemistry, a free fatty acid (oleic acid), affected bees' performance in a nectar-learning task. We found that ingestion of oleic acid enhanced visual learning, likely through positive post-ingestive reinforcement. This was supported by our finding that although bees did not prefer to consume the oleic acid solution, its ingestion both decreased motor activity and increased survival. These results are a step towards understanding how nutritionally complex floral rewards may affect cognitive processes that underlie pollination mutualisms.
Data from: Metabolic programming mediated by an essential fatty acid alters body composition and survival skills of a marine fish
Metabolic programming occurs when variations in nutrition during a specific developmental window result in long-term metabolic effects. It has been studied almost exclusively in humans and other mammals but never in an ecological context. Here, we report metabolic programming and its functional consequences in a marine fish, red drum. We demonstrate that maternal provisioning of eggs with an essential fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), varies with DHA content of the maternal diet. When offspring are reared on a DHA-replete diet, whole-body DHA content of offspring depends upon the amount of DHA that was in the egg. We further demonstrate that whole-body DHA content is correlated with traits related to offspring fitness (escape responses, routine swimming, growth, and survival). DHA content of red drum eggs produced in nature is in the range where the effects of metabolic programming are most pronounced. Our findings indicate that during a brief developmental window DHA plays a role in establishing the pathways for its own uptake or storage, with protracted and possibly permanent effects on ecologically important survival skills of individuals and important implications for dynamics of populations and food webs.
Maternal omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improved accretion of DHA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamines and neuronal membrane lipid-rich domains in C57BL/6 mice fetal brains during gestation
<p>This file contains raw dataset for fetal brain lipidomics and associated fetal neuronal membrane </p>
Medium-chain fatty acids suppress lipotoxicity-induced hepatic fibrosis via the immunomodulating receptor GPR84
<p><span>Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which consist of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), are unique forms of dietary fat with various health benefits. GPR84 acts as a receptor for MCFAs (especially C10:0 and C12:0); however, GPR84 is still considered an orphan receptor, and </span><span>the</span><span> nutritional signaling of endogenous and dietary MCFAs via GPR84 remains unclear. Here, we showed that endogenous MCFA-mediated GPR84-signaling protected hepatic functions from diet-induced lipotoxicity. Under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, GPR84-deficient mice exhibited </span><span>non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the progression of hepatic fibrosis but not steatosis.</span> <span>With markedly increased hepatic MCFA levels under HFD, GPR84 suppressed lipotoxicity-induced macrophage over-activation. Thus, GPR84 is an immunomodulating receptor that suppresses excessive dietary fat intake-induced toxicity by sensing increases in MCFAs. Additionally, administering MCTs, MCFAs (C10:0 or C12:0, but not C8:0), or GPR84 agonists effectively prevented NASH in mouse models. Exogenous GPR84 stimulation is therefore a breakthrough strategy for treating NASH</span><span>.</span></p>
Assessment of compound-specific fatty acid d13C and d2H values to track fish residency and mobility in a small subalpine catchment
<p><span>Methods for identifying origin, movement, and foraging areas of animals are essential for understanding ecosystem connectivity, nutrient flows, and other ecological processes. Telemetric methods can provide detailed spatial coverage but are limited to minimum body size of specimen for tagging. In recent years, stable isotopes have been increasingly used to track animal migration by linking geophysical isotope landscapes called "isoscapes". However, compared to telemetric methods, the spatial resolution of bulk stable isotopes is low.</span></p> <p><span>Here we examined a novel approach by evaluating the use of compound-specific hydrogen and carbon stable isotopes of fatty acids (δ</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>H<sub>FA</sub> and </span><span>δ<sup>13</sup></span><span>C<sub>FA</sub>) from liver, muscle, brain, and eye tissues for identifying site-specificity of fish from a sub-alpine river catchment. We analysed 208 fish (European bullhead, rainbow trout, and brown trout) collected in 2016 and 2018 at 15 different sites.</span></p> <p><span>δ<sup>13</sup></span><span>C<sub>FA</sub> values of these fish tissues correlated more amongst each other than those of </span><span><span>δ</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>H<sub>FA</sub></span> values. Both </span><span><span>δ</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>H<sub>FA</sub></span> and </span><span><span>δ<sup>13</sup></span><span>C<sub>FA</sub></span> values showed tissue-dependent isotopic fractionation, while fish taxa had only small effects. The highest site-specificity was for </span><span>δ<sup>13</sup></span><span>C<sub>DHA</sub> values, while the </span><span>δ<sup>2</sup></span><span>H isotopic difference between LIN and ALA resulted in the highest site-specificity. Using linear discrimination analysis of FA isotope values, over 90 % of fish could be assigned to their location of origin, however, the accuracy dropped to about 56 % when isotope data from 2016 were used to predict the sites for samples collected in 2018, suggesting temporal shifts in site specificity of </span><span><span>δ</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>H<sub>FA</sub></span> and </span><span>d</span><span>13</span><span>CFA. However, predictive results were still higher than site specificity compared to bulk tissue isotopes for a single time point. In summary, compound-specific isotope analysis of fatty acids may become a highly effective tool for assessing fine and large-scale movement and foraging areas of animals.</span></p>
Validation of Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis-2, Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 as Tools in the Assessment of Chronic Heart Failure
<p>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major public health and growing problem, which imposes a relevant burden, with high prevalence and mortality rates. Therefore, reliable cardiac biomarkers are needed to identify individuals with CHF. The goal of this study was to validate the diagnostic utility of some cardiac biomarkers as tools in the assessment of CHF. This was a hospital-based case-control study where a total of 180 participants (aged 30-85 years) consisting of 100 participants with CHF and 80 apparently healthy controls were recruited for the study. Serum troponin I, sST2, H-FABP, and LP-PLA2, were measured using ELISA technique. The value of P≤ 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Serum levels of sST2, H-FABP, and Lp-PLA2, were significantly higher in CHF participants when compared with control (p<0.05). Lp-PLA2 had a sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 95%, H-FABP had a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, and sST2 had a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 92%, which were all higher when compared with that of Troponin I (20% and 95% respectively).In conclusion, Lp-PLA2, H-FABP, and sST2 were higher in CHF individuals, indicating the possible presence of inflammation and myocardial injury. The markers were more sensitive and specific than troponin I, suggesting their potential use as reliable biomarkers for the assessment of chronic heart failure.</p>
Combining an artificial metathase with a fatty acid decarboxylase in a whole cell for cycloalkene synthesis
<p>Data underlying the figures/tables of the publication "Combining an artificial metathase with a fatty acid decarboxylase in a whole cell for cycloalkene synthesis" <em>Nat. Synth</em> (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00575-9</p>
Lipidomic and fatty acid metabolism changes in pancreatic cancer upon ELOVL6 inhibition
<p>LC-MS data for the analysis of lipidomic and fatty acid metabolism changes in pancreatic cancer upon ELOVL6 inhibition and MYC deletion or overexpression</p>
Raw Data- Differential fatty acids utilization across life stages in a Vespa species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Interactions between methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway metabolites and Escherichia coli K-12 fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes
<p>Raw data files from native mass spectrometry analyses examining the interactions between methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway metabolites and Escherichia coli K-12 fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes. Recorded in positive mode direct injection.</p>
Fatty acid oxidation: A neglected factor in understanding the adjustment of mitochondrial function to cold temperatures
<p>For ectothermic species, adaptation to thermal changes is of critical importance. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which leverages multiple electron pathways to produce energy needed for survival, is among the crucial metabolic processes impacted by temperature. Our aim in this study was to identify how changes in temperature affect the less-studied electron transferring flavoprotein pathway, fed by fatty acid substrates. We used the planarian Dugesia tigrina, acclimated for 4 weeks at 10°C (cold acclimated) or 20°C (normothermic). Respirometry experiments were conducted at an assay temperature of either 10 or 20°C to study specific states of the OXPHOS process using the fatty acid substrates palmitoylcarnitine (long chain), octanoylcarnitine (medium chain) or acetylcarnitine (short chain). Following cold acclimation, octanoylcarnitine exhibited increases in both the OXPHOS and electron transfer (ET, non-coupled) states, indicating that the pathway involved in medium-chain length fatty acids adjusts to cold temperatures. Acetylcarnitine only showed an increase in the OXPHOS state as a result of cold acclimation, but not in the ET state, indicative of a change in phosphorylation system capacity rather than fatty acid β-oxidation. Palmitoylcarnitine oxidation was unaffected. Our results show that cold acclimation in D. tigrina caused a specific adjustment in the capacity to metabolize medium-chain fatty acids rather than an adjustment in the activity of the enzymes carnitineacylcarnitine translocase, carnitine acyltransferase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2. Here, we provide novel evidence of the alterations in fatty acid β-oxidation during cold acclimation in D. tigrina.</p>
Fatty acids homeostasis during fasting predicts protection from chemotherapy toxicity
<p>Fasting exerts beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity. To explore the involved mechanisms, we collect blood from humans and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, and measure lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA expression at peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fasting coordinately affects the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane; and reduces the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in PBMCs. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, mice show a strong protection from toxicity in several tissues. Erythrocyte membrane lipids and PBMC gene expression define two separate groups of individuals that accurately predict a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity, with important clinical implications. Our results reveal a mechanism of fasting associated with lipid homeostasis, and provide biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity.</p>
Antibiotic-induced accumulation of lipid II synergizes with antimicrobial fatty acids to eradicate bacterial populations - confocal dataset
<p>Dataset of confocal images that accompanies:</p> <p>Ashelyn E Sidders, Katarzyna M Kedziora, Melina Arts, Jan-Martin Daniel, Stefania de Benedetti, Jenna E Beam, Duyen T Bui, Joshua B Parsons, Tanja Schneider, Sarah E Rowe, Brian P Conlon (2023) Antibiotic-induced accumulation of lipid II synergizes with antimicrobial fatty acids to eradicate bacterial populations eLife 12:e80246.</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.80246 </p> <p>Pre-print:</p> <p>Ashelyn E. Sidders, Katarzyna M. Kedziora, Jenna E. Beam, Duyen T. Bui, Joshua Parsons, Sarah E. Rowe, Brian P. Conlon: Antibiotic-induced accumulation of lipid II sensitizes bacteria to antimicrobial fatty acids.</p> <p>https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490474v1.full.pdf</p> <p>Analysis code:</p> <p>https://github.com/fjorka/bacteria_pa_van_analysis</p>
Common Blackbird weights, activity, fatty acid oxidation rates, and metabolic rates
<p>Seasonal migration is a physiologically-demanding endeavor that animals prepare for by finding and storing energy. Species and populations vary in their tendencies to migrate, and the energetic demands of migration likely determine the degree and type of preparation that different animals undergo. </p> <p>Birds fuel their migratory flight using stored fat. Previous work has suggested that in addition to being energetically-dense, certain lipids like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be particularly efficient fuels that are preferentially mobilized for flight or serve may additional functions, such as modulating membrane fluidity or stimulating gene expression as ligands, during long-distance migratory flight. </p> <p>Using a series of behavioral and metabolic experiments in a common garden setting of Common Blackbirds (<em>Turdus merula</em>) populations that range from being fully-migratory to partially-migratory to sedentary, we asked how migratory restlessness (<em>Zugunruhe</em>), weight gain, and oxidation of stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and alpha linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) varied with migratory mode and season.</p> <p>We found no population-level differences in the timing of <em>Zugunruhe</em>. However, before migration, a greater proportion of individuals from fully-migratory populations exhibited weight gain and migratory restlessness, as well as increased oxidation of PUFAs. After <em>Zugunruhe</em>, only individuals from migratory populations showed reduced PUFA oxidation. All populations showed increased oxidation of saturated fat after <em>Zugunruhe</em>.</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that certain migratory traits, like the timing of <em>Zugunruhe</em> based on local environmental conditions, are more similar across populations, while others, like lipid oxidation, can vary at the population-level.</p>
Fig. 8 in Rosmarinic acid and hesperidin regulate gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant system and the fatty acid biosynthesis-related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana under heat stress
Fig. 8. The changes of the relative expression of WRI1 (A), BCCP2 (B), FAD2 (C), FAD3 (D) genes encoding after rosmarinic acid (RA, 100 μM) and/or hesperidin (HP, 100 μM) with/without heat stress (38 ◦C) in A. thaliana leaves. Multivariate data analyses of gene expression analysis under investigation.
Fig. 5 in Rosmarinic acid and hesperidin regulate gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant system and the fatty acid biosynthesis-related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana under heat stress
Fig. 5. The changes of the relative band intensity of different types of glutathione S-transferase activity isoenzymes (GST, A) and GST activity (B), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX, C) after rosmarinic acid (RA, 100 μM) and/or hesperidin (HP, 100 μM) with/without heat stress (38 ◦C) in A. thaliana leaves.
Fig. 1 in Rosmarinic acid and hesperidin regulate gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant system and the fatty acid biosynthesis-related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana under heat stress
Fig. 1. The average absorption per active reaction center (ABS/RC), the electron transport flux per active reaction center (ETo/RC), the flux of trapped exciton per active reaction center (TRo/RC), and the energy flow on the acceptor side of PSI ((Ro), The number of QA-reducing reaction centers per PSII antenna chlorophyll ((ΦPo/(1-ΦPo)), the efficiency with which a trapped exciton transfers an electron to the photosynthetic electron transfer chain ((ΨEo/(1-ΨEo)), the number of QA- reducing reaction centers per PSII antenna chlorophyll (γRC/(1-γRC)), the ratio of total dissipation to the number of active reaction centers (DIo/RC). The relative variable fluorescence intensity at J (VJ) and I step (VI), the performance index based on light absorption (PIABS), and the performance index (potential) for energy conservation from exciton to PSI and acceptor reduction (PItotal) were determined in A. thaliana leaves following treatment with rosmarinic acid (RA, 100 μM) and/or hesperidin (HP, 100 μM) with/without heat stress (38 ◦ C).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.