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5,666 results for “Social”
Association of modifiable health conditions and social determinants of health with late mortality in survivors of childhood cancer
<p>The datasets were used for this publication "Association of Modifiable Health Conditions and Social Determinants of Health With Late Mortality in Survivors of Childhood Cancer", JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Feb 1;6(2):e2255395. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.55395.</p> <p>The first dataset "data_eligible" contains "Individuals who survived ≥5 years from childhood cancer, diagnosed between 1962-2012, and treated at SJCRH were included in mortality estimates (n=9,440)." The dataset "data_life" contains "SJLIFE participants (n=3,407) who completed an on-campus assessment were included in risk factor analyses." The data "cdcrate" contains mortality rates that were used in the calculation of standardized mortality ratios.</p>
Assessing social perceptions of rewilding approaches in Spain using traditional domestic livestock
<p>R data format</p>
Flexible But Disconnected: Airbnb Hosts' Work-Family Experience and Social Isolation
<p>This research explores relationships among Airbnb hosts’ experience of social isolation/loneliness, social support, work-family conflict in relation to wellbeing, life satisfaction, and intent to stay with Airbnb. We tested a structural model using data from 136 Airbnb hosts and found that greater levels of social isolation were associated with higher work-family conflict, lower mental wellbeing, and lower life satisfaction. We also found the social support was negatively related to social isolation. Our findings suggest the double-bind of gig work: while hosting on Airbnb provides flexible work and additional income, it may come at the cost of social isolation. This has implications for gig workers and the organizations who contract with them. The absence of social connection and the competitive nature of the gig economy may result in feelings of alienation unless measures are taken to prioritize the humanity of workers.</p>
Supplemental Material for Manuscript: The Heterogeneity of Social Network and Institutional Covariance in the American Southeast
<p>Supplemental Material for Manuscript: The Heterogeneity of Social Network and Institutional Covariance in the American Southeast</p>
The effect of prey abundance and fisheries on the survival, reproduction, and social structure of killer whales (Orcinus orca) at subantarctic Marion Island
<p>Most marine apex predators are keystone species that fundamentally influence their ecosystems through cascading top-down processes. Reductions in worldwide predator abundances, attributed to environmental and anthropogenic-induced changes to prey availability and negative interactions with fisheries, can have far-reaching ecosystem impacts. We tested whether the survival of killer whales (<em>Orcinus orca</em>) observed at Marion Island in the Southern Indian Ocean correlated with social structure and prey variables (direct measures of prey abundance, Patagonian toothfish fishery effort, and environmental proxies) using multistate models of capture-recapture data spanning 12 years (2006 to 2018). We also tested the effect of these same variables on killer whale social structure and reproduction measured over the same period. Indices of social structure had the strongest correlation with survival, with higher sociality associated with increased survival probability. Survival was also positively correlated to Patagonian toothfish fishing effort during the previous year, suggesting that fishery-linked resource availability is an important determinant of survival. No correlation between survival and environmental proxies of prey abundance was found. At-island prey availability influenced the social structure of Marion Island killer whales, but none of the variables explained variability in reproduction. Future increases in legal fishing activity may benefit this population of killer whales through the artificial provisioning of resources they provide.</p>
Data for: Social assessment of miscanthus cultivation in Croatia: Assessing farmers' preferences and willingness to cultivate the crop
<p>Social aspects of miscanthus cultivation have been investigated in a limited way in the scientific literature. Adopting existing frameworks for Social Life-Cycle Assessment enables assessments to include numerous social aspects; however, the relevance of these aspects depends on the local context. This study aims to identify the most relevant social aspects from the farmers' perspective using a previously proposed framework for the assessment of the stakeholder 'farmer'. It is based on a case study of miscanthus production in Sisak Moslavina in Croatia. The existence of abandoned lands in Croatia presents an opportunity for the cultivation of miscanthus as a potential source of biomass for the production of bio-based materials and fuels. The study seeks to assess the feasibility of cultivating miscanthus in the region, taking into account potential challenges and opportunities, as well as the farmers' willingness to adopt the crop, and to understand the reasons behind land abandonment. We conducted a survey among 44 farmers in the region and used a scoring method to identify the most relevant social aspects. The aspects most valued by the farmers were: health and safety, access to water, land consolidation and rights, income and local employment, and food security. Responses to the question of whether they would adopt the crop highlight the importance of an established market, good trading conditions and profitability of cultivation. The survey also enabled an understanding of farmers' preferences with respect to the production conditions of crops. The farmers regarded the provision of subsidies as one of the main factors that render a crop attractive. Opportunities for the adoption of miscanthus cultivation include high yields and low input requirements. Barriers include land conflicts and land availability. Despite the opportunities for miscanthus development in the region, there are important challenges to consider for successful implementation of the crop.</p>
Reproductive asynchrony within social groups of female eastern wild turkeys
<p>Coordination in timing of reproduction is driven by multiple ecological and sociobiological processes for a wide array of species. Eastern wild turkeys (<em>Meleagris gallopavo silvestris</em>) use a male dominance polygynous mating system, where males communicate with females via elaborate courtship displays and vocalizations at display sites. Most females prefer to mate with dominant males, therefore asynchronous breeding and nesting may occur which can disproportionately influence individual fitness within breeding groups. For female wild turkeys, there are reproductive advantages associated with earlier nesting. As such, we evaluated reproductive synchrony within and between groups of GPS-tagged female eastern wild turkeys based on timing of nest initiation. We examined 30 social groups with an average of 7 females per group (range 2-15) during 2014-2019 in west central Louisiana. We found that the estimated number of days between first nest initiation across females within groups varied between 3-7 days across years, although we expected 1-2 days to occur between successive nesting attempts of females within groups based on observations of captive wild turkeys in the extant literature. The number of days between successive nest attempts across females within groups was lower for successful than failed attempts, and nests with an average of 2.8 days between initiation of another nest were more likely to hatch. Our findings suggest that asynchronous reproduction may influence reproductive success in female wild turkeys.</p>
Evidence for maintenance of key components of vocal learning in aging budgerigars despite diminished affiliative social interaction
<p>In some species, the ability to acquire new vocalizations persists into adulthood and may be an important mediator of social interactions. While it is generally assumed that vocal learning persists undiminished throughout the lifespan of these open-ended learners, the stability of this trait remains largely unexplored. We hypothesize that vocal learning exhibits senescence, as is typical of complex cognitive traits, and that this decline may relate to age-dependent changes in sociality. The budgerigar (<em>Melopsittacus undulatus</em>), an open-ended learner which develops new contact call types that are shared with social associates upon joining new flocks, provides a robust assay for measuring the effects of aging on vocal learning ability. We formed captive flocks of 4 previously unfamiliar adult males of the same age class, either "young adults" (6 mo.-1 yr.) or "older adults" (≥ 3 yr.), and concurrently tracked changes in contact call structure and social interactions over time. Older adults exhibited decreased vocal diversity, which may be related to the sparser and weaker affiliative bonds observed in older adults. Older adults, however, displayed equivalent levels of vocal plasticity and vocal convergence compared to young adults, suggesting vocal learning ability is largely maintained into later adulthood in an open-ended learner.</p>
Data from: Dispersal-induced social stress prolongs gestation in wild meerkats
<p><span>In the majority of mammals, gestation length is relatively consistent and seldom varies by more than 3%. In a few species, females can adjust gestation length by delaying the development of the embryo after implantation. Delays in embryonic development allow females to defer the rising energetic costs of gestation when conditions are unfavourable, reducing the risk of embryo loss. Dispersal in mammals that breed cooperatively is a period when food intake is likely to be suppressed and stress levels are likely to be high. Here we show that pregnant dispersing meerkats (<em>Suricata suricatta</em>), which have been aggressively evicted from their natal group and experience weight loss and extended periods of social stress, prolong their gestation by means of delayed embryonic development. Repeated ultrasound scans of wild, unanaesthetised females throughout their pregnancies showed that pregnancies of dispersers were on average 6.3% longer and more variable in length (52-65 days) than those of residents (54-56 days). The variation in dispersers shows that, unlike most mammals, meerkats can adapt to stress by adjusting their pregnancy length by up to 25%. By doing so, they potentially rearrange the costs of gestation during adverse conditions of dispersal and enhance offspring survival. </span></p>
New Challenges for Gender Equality in AI: Navigating the Ethical and Social Implications.- 1st SPATIAL podcast episode
<p>Gender bias can penetrate AI systems through multiple avenues, posing a significant challenge in ensuring fair and equitable outcomes. From historical biases ingrained in the data to biased data selection methods, these factors contribute to biased AI systems. Recognizing the implications of gender bias in AI is crucial, as it impacts various domains such as social media advertising, job recruitment, smart devices, facial recognition, and voice recognition. To strive for equity, it is essential to understand the interconnectedness of different social and political identities, emphasizing intersectionality and the need to avoid generalizing experiences.</p> <p>In the first episode of the <a href="https://spatial-h2020.eu/">SPATIAL </a>podcast, we had the privilege of conversing with Marcus Westberg, postdoctoral researcher and project manager at <a href="https://www.tudelft.nl/">TU Delft</a>, the coordinator of the SPATIAL project.</p>
MeCareNWL - baseline data concerning the psychosocial and occupational impact of COVID-19 among NHS and social care staff in NW London
<p>Online survey data collected at baseline for participants enrolled in the MeCareNWL study - see <a href="https://arc-nwl.nihr.ac.uk/research/covid-19/london-wide-covid-19-research/mecarenwl">MeCareNWL (nihr.ac.uk)</a>.</p> <p>Data extracted from the Qualtrics database on 13 July 2021. Some additional post-processing to satisfy anonymisation requirements.</p> <p>A pdf copy of the survey and the completed STROBE reporting checklist are also included.</p>
[dataset] Behavioral expression of father-daughter bonds affects sociality and responsiveness to oxytocin and vasopressin treatments in captive juvenile female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus)
<p>[dataset] Social bonds influence physiology and behavior, which can shape how individuals respond to physical and affective challenges. Coppery titi monkey (<em>Plecturocebus cupreus</em>) offspring form selective bonds with their fathers, making them ideal for investigating how father-daughter bonds influence juveniles’ responses to oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) manipulations. We quantified expression of father-daughter bond-related behaviors in females (n = 10) and gave acute intranasal treatments of saline, low/medium/high OT, low/high AVP, or OT receptor antagonist (OTA) to subjects prior to a parent preference test. While females spent more time in proximity to their parents than strangers, we found a large degree of individual variation. Females with greater expression of bonding behaviors responded to OT treatments in a dose-dependent manner. Subjects also spent less time in proximity to strangers when treated with High OT (p = 0.003) and Low OT (p = 0.007), but more time when treated with High AVP (p = 0.007), Low AVP (p = 0.009), and OTA (p = 0.001). Findings from the present study suggest variation in expression of bond-related behaviors may alter responsiveness to OT and AVP, increasing engagement with unfamiliar social others. This enhanced sociality with strangers may promote formation of pair bonds with partners.</p>
FIGURES 4–7. Polistes species. 4 in Description of a new species of social wasp from Somalia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
FIGURES 4–7. Polistes species. 4. Polistes humeralis sp. nov., female, habitus, lateral view. 5. P. africanus Palisot de Beauvois, female, head and mesosoma, oblique lateral view. 6. P. badius Gerstaecker, female, head and mesosoma, oblique lateral view. 7. P. tenellus du Buysson, male, head and mesosoma, oblique lateral view.
FIGURES 1–3 in Description of a new species of social wasp from Somalia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
FIGURES 1–3. Polistes humeralis, sp. nov., female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, lateral view. 3. Habitus, dorsal view.
Behavioural, demographic and fitness consequences of social instability in cooperatively breeding dwarf mongoose groups
<p><span>Social instability frequently arises in group-living species, but the potential costs</span> <span>have rarely been investigated in free-living cooperative breeders, especially across different timeframes.</span><span> Using natural observations, body-mass measurements and life-history data from dwarf mongooses (<em>Helogale</em> <em>parvula</em>), we determined the short- and longer-term consequences of a change in one of the dominant breeding pair. We found that a new breeder led to alterations in both collective and individual behaviour (i.e., increases in communal scent-marking, engagement in intergroup interactions, sentinel activity and within-group grooming), as well as reduced body-mass gain, further demographic changes and decreased reproductive success (i.e., fewer pups surviving to adulthood). The effects were particularly apparent when it was the female breeder who changed; new female breeders were younger than more experienced counterparts. Our findings support the idea that stability and cooperation are strongly linked and provide potential reasons for previously documented health and fitness benefits of social stability.</span></p>
Base de datos sobre estudio de redes sociales con fines de investigación en educación
<p>Data set on the study regarding academics' use of social networks for Spanish research purposes</p>
Camponotus fellah cDNA lists for: Social isolation shortens lifespan through oxidative stress in ants
<p>Social isolation negatively affects health, induces detrimental behaviors, and shortens lifespan in social species. Little is known about the mechanisms underpinning these effects because model species are typically short-lived and non-social. Using colonies of carpenter ant <em>Camponotus</em> <em>fellah</em>, we show that social isolation induces hyperactivity, alters space-use, and reduces lifespan via changes in the expression of genes with key roles in oxidation-reduction and an associated accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These physiological effects are localized to the fat body and oenocytes, which perform liver-like functions in insects. We use pharmacological manipulations to demonstrate that the oxidation-reduction pathway causally underpins the detrimental effects of social isolation on behavior and lifespan. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how social isolation affects behavior and lifespan in general.</p>
Data for: Complex battlefields favor strong soldiers over large armies in social animal warfare
<p>In social <span class="queryIcon"><span class="queryIdentifier"></span></span>animals, success can depend on the outcome of group battles. Theoretical models of warfare predict that group fighting ability is proportional to two key factors: the strength of each soldier in the group and group size. The relative importance of these factors is predicted to vary across environments [F. W. Lanchester, <em class="i">Aircraft in Warfare, the Dawn of the Fourth Arm</em> (1916)]. Here, we provide an empirical validation of the theoretical prediction that open environments should favor superior numbers, whereas complex environments should favor stronger soldiers [R. N. Franks, L. W. Partridge, <em class="i">Anim. Behav.</em> <strong class="b">45</strong>, 197–199 (1993)]. We first demonstrate this pattern using simulated battles between relatively strong and weak soldiers in a computer-driven algorithm. We then validate this result in real animals using an ant model system: In battles in which the number of strong native meat ant <em class="i">Iridomyrmex purpureus</em> workers is constant while the number of weak non-native invasive Argentine ant <em class="i">Linepithema humile</em> workers increases across treatments, fatalities of <em class="i">I. purpureus</em> are lower in complex than in simple arenas. Our results provide controlled experimental evidence that investing in stronger soldiers is more effective in complex environments. This is a significant advance in the empirical study of nonhuman warfare and is important for understanding the competitive balance among native and non-native invasive ant species.</p>
A review of HPV and HBV vaccine hesitancy, intention and uptake in the era of social media and COVID-19
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization named vaccine hesitancy as one of the top 10 threats to global health. The impact of hesitancy on uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines was of particular concern, given the markedly lower uptake compared to other adolescent vaccines in some countries, notably the United States. With the recent approval of COVID-19 vaccines coupled with the widespread use of social media, concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy have grown. However, the association between COVID-related vaccine hesitancy and cancer vaccines such as HPV is unclear. To examine the potential association, we performed two reviews using Ovid Medline and APA PsychInfo. Our aim was to answer two questions: (1) Is COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, intention, or uptake associated with HPV or HBV vaccine hesitancy, intention, or uptake? and (2) Is exposure to COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on social media associated with HPV or HBV vaccine hesitancy, intention, or uptake? Our review identified few published empirical studies that addressed these questions. Our results highlight the urgent need for studies that can shift through the vast quantities of social media data to better understand the link between COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and disinformation and its impact on uptake of cancer vaccines.
Collusive Tax Evasion and Social Norms
<p>Although collusive tax evasion by buyers and sellers of commodities and also by employers and employees is widespread all over the world, it has rarely been analyzed in the tax evasion literature. To fill this gap and to compare collusive tax evasion with independent tax evasion, this paper develops a simple non-cooperative game-theoretic model and confirms the model's predictions in a laboratory experiment. Because collusive tax evasion involves social interaction,this paper focuses on the eect of social norms and theoretically and empirically demonstrates that the tax compliance norm has a stronger negative eect on the magnitude of collusive tax evasion than on independent tax evasion. The reason for this result is that in a collusive tax evasion game with multiple equilibria social norms aect the range of equilibria and act as an equilibrium selection device, whereas social norms need to be strongly internalized to change the behavior of taxpayers who evade taxes unobservedly.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.