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10,950 results for “hosting”
Defensive mutualists affect outcross pollen transfer and male fitness in their host plant
<p>Ant guards can increase plant fitness by deterring herbivores, but they may also reduce it by interfering with pollination. While ant impacts on herbivory have been well-studied, much less is known about their impacts on pollinators and associated consequences for plant pollination, particularly pollen transfer dynamics and outcrossing/selfing rates. We used field experiments to quantify the effect of ant guards on pollinator community composition, frequency and duration of flower visits, and cascading effects on outcrossing pollen transfer and pollen exports in Turnera velutina (Passifloraceae). Although ant patrolling did not affect pollinator community composition or visitation frequency, it decreased flower visit duration and the time pollinators spent foraging inside flowers. Such behavioural changes resulted in reduced pollen deposition on stigmas, decreased pollen exports (a proxy for male fitness) and significantly doubled outcross pollen transfer. This study contributes to our understanding of how nonpollinator mutualists can shape plant reproductive processes. We discuss the downstream effects that variation in biotic defences, such as rewards for guarding ants, can have on plant pollen transfer patterns and fitness. In conclusion, guarding ants influence pollen transfer patterns in Turnera velutina, increasing outcrossing in a self-compatible species at the cost of male fitness. We show how non-pollinators, such as defensive ant mutualists, can shape plant reproductive traits and discuss the consequences these interactions may have for plant mating systems.</p>
Adaptation of pathogens to their local plant host, Silphium integrifolium, along a precipitation gradient
<p>All figures and code were generated in RStudio 2022.02.3+492 "Prairie Trillium" Release. All packages needed to run the R code are shown in the RMD’s.</p> <p> </p> <p>Code to generate figures and statistical analysis:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>DVTindex_help.Rmd <ul> <li>Code to generate figure 3</li> </ul> </li> <li>Figure5_PrairieVSCommonGarden <ul> <li>Code to generate figure 5</li> </ul> </li> <li>PATHOFigs_for_Manu_FEB22.Rmd <ul> <li>Code to generate figures 1, 2, 4</li> </ul> </li> <li>SUPP_Figure3_DimPathoEDIT.Rmd <ul> <li>Code to generate supplementary figure 3 (fig S3)</li> </ul> </li> <li>STATSAnalysis_PathoDim2B.Rmd <ul> <li>Code to generate all tables and statistical analysis in the manuscript</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Description of data files:</p> <ul> <li>2019and2020Prairie_data.txt <ul> <li>This file contains data collected from the prairie sites in 2019 and 2020</li> </ul> </li> <li>Dim2b_latlon.csv <ul> <li>The latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates for the common garden sites and prairie sites as well as precipitation data</li> </ul> </li> <li>DVTINDEX_from_DVT.csv <ul> <li>A separate file that contains the data that produced fig 3. This data file is sourced from SEPT2019_2020_COMPILED_2b_DATACOLL.txt</li> </ul> </li> <li>SEPT2019_2020_COMPILED_2b_DATACOLL.txt</li> <li>SEPT2019_2020_COMPILED_2b_DATACOLL_plots.txt</li> <li>SEPT2019_2020_COMPILED_2b_DATACOLL_plots_longversion.txt <ul> <li>These 3 data files are different versions of the same raw data that was collected from the common garden sites in 2019 and 2020. The code calls for all 3 at different points to generate plots and run statistical analyses</li> </ul> </li> <li>Summary [ insert unique name here] <ul> <li>Various data frames generated from r mark downs that contain summary statistics of the data. These are used to produce the figures in PATHOFigs_for_Manu_FEB22.Rmd graphs.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Supp. Info. for Further analysis of metagenomic datasets containing GD and GX pangolin CoVs indicates widespread contamination, undermining pangolin host attribution
<p>Supplemanty Information for <strong>Further analysis of metagenomic datasets containing GD and GX pangolin CoVs indicates widespread contamination, undermining pangolin host attribution</strong></p> <p>Files:</p> <p>Supp_Info_1_PRJNA641544_DG14_DG18.xlsx</p> <p>Supp_Info_3_PRJNA606875_SRR11093270_reads_blast_nt_seq5_hsps1_PCT80_E0.05_hsps.txt</p> <p>Supp_Info_4_PRJNA573298_Analysis.xlsx</p>
Supporting data and code for: Host plant and insecticides shape the evolution of genetic and clonal diversity in a major aphid crop pest
<p>This is the first release of the final data and code for the article accepted for publication in <em>Evolutionary Applications</em> journal. It contains the necessary scripts to produce most of the analyses and figures of the manuscript. All the necessary data can be found in the 'data' folder.</p>
A single genomic region involving a putative chromosome rearrangement in flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) is associated with differential host resilience to the parasite Bonamia ostreae
<p>European flat oyster (<em>Ostrea edulis</em>) is an ecologically and economically important marine bivalve, that has been severely affected by the intracellular parasite <em>Bonamia ostreae</em>. In this study, a flat oyster SNP array (~14,000 SNPs) was used to validate previously reported outlier loci for divergent selection associated with <em>B. ostreae</em> exposure in the Northeast Atlantic Area. A total of 134 wild and hatchery individuals from the North Sea, collected in naïve (NV) and long-term affected (LTA) areas, were analysed. Genetic diversity and differentiation were related to the sampling origin (wild vs hatchery) when using neutral markers, and to bonamiosis status (NV vs LTA) when using outlier loci for divergent selection. Two genetic clusters appeared intermingled in all sampling locations when using outlier loci and their frequency was associated with their bonamiosis status. When both clusters were compared, outlier datasets showed high genetic divergence (FST > 0.25) unlike neutral loci (FST not ≠ 0). Moreover, the cluster associated with LTA samples showed much higher genetic diversity and significant heterozygote excess with outlier loci, but not with neutral data. Most outliers mapped on chromosome 8 (OE-C8) of the flat oyster genome, supporting a main genomic region underlying resilience to bonamiosis. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes previously reported between NV and LTA strains showed higher mapping density on OE-C8. A range of relevant immune functions were specifically enriched among genes annotated on OE-C8, providing hypotheses for resilience mechanisms to an intracellular parasite. The results suggest that marker-assisted selection could be applied to breed resilient strains of <em>O. edulis</em> to bonamiosis, if lower parasite load and/or higher viability of the LTA genetic cluster following <em>B. ostreae</em> infection is demonstrated.</p>
Supplementary materials for "Modeling the geographical distributions of Chordodes formosanus and its mantis hosts in Taiwan, with considerations for their niche overlaps"
<p>Species distribution model (SDM) has conventionally been used for evaluating the<br> distribution of single species, but comparisons between different SDMs are possible for<br> evaluating the geographic similarity between taxa. Here we used a parasite and host system<br> to infer the geographic overlaps between species with tight biological interaction, e.g.<br> parasites and their obligate host; specifically, we used the horsehair worm <em>Chordodes<br> formosanus</em> and its three different mantis hosts to study the extent of niche overlap. We<br> retrieved presence points for the host species and the parasite and we built the SDMs with<br> MaxEnt implemented in ENMeval by using selected bioclim variables (based on VIF values)<br> at a 30 seconds scale. The models showed that the hosts and parasite do not occur in the high<br> elevation areas in Taiwan, which was expected based on their biology. Interestingly, the<br> predicted parasite distribution included areas without collection records, implying local<br> extinction or sampling bias. We subsequently evaluated niche overlap between hosts and the<br> parasite according to five similarity indices (Schoener’s D, I statistic, relative rank, Pearson<br> correlation coefficient and the rank correlation coefficient<em> rho</em>). Our models showed high<br> similarity of SDM predictions between hosts and the parasite. There were differences among<br> metrics about which host shared the highest similarity with the parasite, but the majority of<br> the results indicated that the Japanese boxing mantis has the highest niche similarity with the<br> horsehair worm. The choice of the niche overlap metric to use can be seen as a way to get<br> informations on the parasite’s ecology, which can be important for endangered species SDMs<br> are reliable tools for host and parasite conservation management and could help to improve<br> biological and ecological knowledge of parasites.</p>
The role of tetradecane in the identification of host plants by the pest bugs Apolygus lucorum and Adelphocoris suturalis
<p><em><span>Apolygus lucorum </span></em><span>and <em>Adelphocoris suturalis </em>are considered serious pests to many cultures in China. Safe alternatives are needed to manage these mirid pests. </span>The current study identified <span>compounds from volatiles of the </span>ethanol extracts of <span><em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> </span><span>pods and the other </span>10 common hosts. GCMS detection showed that t<span>etradecane</span><span>, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, and dodecanal were included in these </span>volatiles and<span> </span>tetradecane was present in all the volatiles.</p>
Data from: Comparative host-pathogen associations of Snake Fungal Disease in sympatric species of water snakes (Nerodia)
<p>The ascomycete fungus <em>Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola</em> (<em>Oo</em>) is the causative agent of ophidiomycosis (Snake Fungal Disease), which has been detected globally. However, surveillance efforts in the central U.S., specifically Texas, have been minimal. The threatened and rare Brazos water snake (<em>Nerodia harteri harteri</em>) is one of the most range restricted snakes in the U.S. and is sympatric with two wide-ranging congeners, <em>N. erythrogaster transversa</em> and <em>N. rhombifer</em>, in north central Texas; thus, providing an opportunity to test comparative host-pathogen associations in this system. To accomplish this, we surveyed a portion of the Brazos river drainage (~400 river km) over 29 months and tested 150 Nerodia individuals for the presence of <em>Oo </em>via quantitative PCR and recorded any potential signs of <em>Oo </em>infection. We found <em>Oo </em>was distributed across the entire range of <em>N. h. harteri,</em> <em>Oo</em> prevalence was 46% overall, and there was a significant association between <em>Oo </em>occurrence and signs of infection in our sample. Models indicated adults had a higher probability of <em>Oo </em>infection than juveniles and subadults, and adult <em>N. h. harteri</em> had a higher probability of infection than adult <em>N. rhombifer</em> but not higher than adult <em>N. e. transversa</em>. High <em>Oo </em>prevalence estimates (94.4%) in adult <em>N. h. harteri </em>has implications for their conservation and management owing to their patchy distribution, comparatively low genetic diversity, and threats from anthropogenic habitat modification.</p>
Spatially resolved multi-omics deciphers bidirectional tumor-host interdependence in glioblastoma
<p><span>Glioblastomas are malignant tumors of the central nervous system hallmarked by subclonal diversity and dynamic adaptation amid developmental hierarchies </span><span>(Couturier et al., 2020; Neftel et al., 2019; Richards et al., 2021)</span><span>. The source of the dynamic reorganization within the spatial context of these tumors remains elusive. Here, we characterized glioblastomas in-depth by spatially resolved transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. By </span><span>deciphering regionally shared transcriptional programs across patients, </span><span>we infer that glioblastoma is organized by spatial segregation of lineage states and adapt to inflammatory and/or metabolic stimuli, </span><span>reminiscent </span><span>of the reactive transformation in</span> <span>mature astrocytes. Integration of metabolic imaging and imaging mass cytometry uncovered locoregional tumor-host interdependence, resulting in spatially exclusive adaptive transcriptional programs. Inferring copy-number alterations emphasizes a spatially cohesive organization of subclones associated with reactive transcriptional programs, confirming that environmental stress gives rise to selection pressure. A model of glioblastoma stem cells implanted into human and rodent neocortical tissue mimicking various environments confirmed that transcriptional states originate from dynamic adaptation to various environments.</span></p>
Proccessed Data for the Pipelines of the Project "Multiomics and quantitative modelling disentangle diet, host, and microbiota contributions to the host metabolome"
<p><strong>Proccessed and Input Data for the Pipelines of the Project "Multiomics and quantitative modelling disentangle diet, host, and microbiota contributions to the host metabolome"</strong></p> <p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Folder /ProcessedData/metabolomics/ contains processed metabolomics data from the project:</p> <p>/metabolomics/metabolites_allions_combined_norm_intensity.csv - file containing normalized intensities of ions detected across tissues with six measurement methods.<br> /metabolomics/metabolites_allions_combined_formulas_with_metabolite_filters_spatial100clusters_with_mean.csv - file containing metabolite attribution to spatial clusters and mean intensity values across tissues and conditions.</p> <p>Other files are described in README_ProcessedData.md.</p> <p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Folder /ProcessedData/sequencing/ contains raw and normalized counts of metagenomics and metatransriptomics data mapped to bacterial genomes.</p> <p>Folder /ProccessedData/util/ contains files used for data preprocessing and attribution to chemical classes and pathways.</p> <p>Folder /ProcessedData/example_output/ contains example output of the pipelines:</p> <p>/output/model_results_SMOOTH_raw_2LIcoefHost1LIcoefbact_allions.csv - file containing estimated model parameters (intestinal flux and metabolic flux values) for the forward problem for metabolomics measurements in the GIT.<br> /output/model_results_SMOOTH_normbyabsmax_reciprocal_problem_allions.csv - file containing estimated model parameters for the reverse problem (metabolite intensities) for the parameters estimated with the forward problem.<br> /output/model_results_SMOOTH_normbyabsmax_2LIcoefHost1LIcoefbact_allions.csv - file containing estimated model parameters (intestinal flux and metabolic flux values) for the forward problem for metabolomics measurements in the GIT, normalized by absolute maximum value.<br> /output/model_results_SMOOTH_normbyabsmax_ONLYMETCOEF_2LIcoefHost1LIcoefbact_allions.csv - file containing estimated model parameters (only metabolic flux values) for the forward problem for metabolomics measurements in the GIT, normalized by absolute maximum value.<br> /output/table_hierarchical_clustering_groups.csv - file containing attribution of the annotated metabolites to groups according to hierarchical clustering of the normalized model parameters.<br> /output/cgo_clustergrams_of_model_coefficients.mat - matlab object containing clustergram of the normalized model parameters and manually derived sub-clustergrams corresponding to different largest parameter values.</p> <p>Description of other files is provided in the file README_ProcessedData.md.</p> <p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Folder /InputData/ contains HMDB and KEGG tables used for metabolite annotations and chemical group analysis.</p> <p>Folder InputData_KEGGreaction_path contains matlab files with metabolite-metabolite paths calculated from KEGG reaction-pair information (Each matrix contains a subset of paths). These files are used by the script workflow_extract_keggECpathes_for_SPpairs_final.m.</p> <p>Folder InputData_metabolomics_data contains raw metabolomics data from six methods (three LC columns: C08, C18 and HILIC, and positive and negative acquisition modes) and file tissue_weights.txt with tissue weight information used for normalization.</p> <p>Folder InputData_sequencing_data contains folders ballgown_DNA and ballgown_RNA with results of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data analysis (raw counts, GetMM normalized counts, EdgeR and DeSeq2 analysis). </p> <p>Description of folders is provided in the file readme_InputData.md.</p> <p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
Data from: Climatic stress decreases tick survival but increases rate of host-seeking behavior
<p>Ticks are vectors of many diseases and are expanding in geographic distribution. However, how ticks will fare in their new environments where they may experience stressful climatic conditions at the expansion front remains unclear. Since there is a trade-off in ticks between behaviors that promote longevity and behaviors that promote reproduction, we hypothesized that extreme climatic stress reduces the survivorship of ticks but increases the frequency of tick host-seeking behavior or questing. Here, we used a novel method to simulate climatic stress on individual ticks of three species – Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis – to evaluate their survival, physiology, and questing behavior. The first experiment involved placing 144 adult ticks of each species in two temperature ranges (15-25 °C and 25-35 °C) and three relative humidity treatments (32% RH, 58% RH, and 84% RH). We assessed the ticks daily for survivorship and questing, and we measured water loss by comparing the mass of each tick when it died to when it was fully hydrated. In this first experiment, ticks in warmer and less humid conditions generally died faster than in cooler and more humid conditions. Ticks of all three species were more likely to quest shortly before their death and consistently died after losing approximately 50-56% of total body water content, but Ixodes reached that threshold much faster than the other two species. The second experiment involved placing 18 ticks of each species at 35 °C and 32% RH. We assessed the ticks every three hours for survivorship, questing, and water loss. Ticks again were more likely to quest shortly before their death. With frequent checks, we were able to measure the dehydration tolerance more accurately and the rate of water loss. Ticks of all three species consistently died after losing approximately 51% of total body water content. However, Ixodes lost water approximately 5× faster than Amblyomma and 11× faster than Dermacentor. These results demonstrate that severe climatic stress tilts the trade-off toward higher questing rates, but not higher overall questing time because of reduced survival rates. Further investigations of ticks' behavioral and physiological responses to abiotic stress are necessary to develop robust models of how climate change will affect the transmission of tick-borne diseases.</p>
Dataset: Enhancing Spin Coherence in Optically Addressable Molecular Qubits through Host-Matrix Control
<p>Dataset: Enhancing Spin Coherence in Optically Addressable Molecular Qubits through Host-Matrix Control</p>
Supplementary data for article "Reduced B-cell antigenicity of Omicron lowers host serologic response"
<p>This repository contains five supplementary data files for the research article "<strong>Reduced B-cell antigenicity of Omicron lowers host serologic response</strong>". For more information, please refer to the article preprint https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.15.480546 and upcoming article at Cell Reports.</p> <p> </p> <ol> <li><strong>Table_hCoV229E.xlsx:</strong> list of hCoV229E RBD sequences, with associated isolate and collection date identifiers, and ScanNet antigenicity score for reproducing <strong>Figure 3A</strong>. Aligned sequences and templates are also provided.</li> <li><strong>table_artificial_variants.csv</strong>: List of artificial RBD sequences generated by an evolutionary-based sequence generative model for reproducing <strong>Figure 3B</strong>, <strong>Supplementary Figure S6H</strong>.</li> <li><strong>MSA_RBD.fasta:</strong> Multiple Sequence Alignment of RBD sequences and sample weights used for training the sequence generative model used in <strong>Figure 3B</strong>, <strong>Supplementary Figures S2C, S6</strong>.</li> <li><strong>table_antibody_hit_rate_RBD.csv</strong>: Empirical epitope distribution for the RBD, as determined from the Protein Data Bank and raw data for <strong>Supplementary Figure S1</strong>).</li> <li><strong>RBD_virtual_DMS.xlsx</strong>: virtual Deep Mutational Scan performed with ScanNet and the sequence generative model shown in <strong>Supplementary Figure S2</strong>.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Rapid brain development and reduced neuromodulator titres correlate with host shifts in Rhagoletis pomonella
<p>Host shifts are considered a key generator of insect biodiversity. For insects, adaptation to new host plants often requires changes in larval/pupal development and behavioural preference towards new hosts. Neurochemicals play key roles in both development and behaviour, and therefore provide a potential source for such synchronization. Here, we correlated life history timing, brain development, and corresponding levels of 14 neurochemicals in <em>Rhagoletis pomonella</em> (Diptera: Tephritidae), a species undergoing ecological speciation through an ongoing host shift from hawthorn to apple fruit. These races exhibit differences in pupal diapause timing as well as adult behavioural preference with respect to their hosts. This difference in behavioural preference is coupled with differences in neurophysiological response to host volatiles. We found that apple race pupae exhibited adult brain morphogenesis three weeks faster after an identical simulated winter than the hawthorn race, which correlated with significantly lower titres of several neurochemicals. In some cases, particularly biogenic amines, differences in titres were reflected in the mature adult stage, when host preference is exhibited. In summary, <span>life history timing, neurochemical titre, and brain development </span><span>can be coupled in this speciating system, providing new hypotheses for the origins of new species through host shifts</span>.</p>
Evolved transcriptional responses and their trade-offs after long-term adaptation of Bemisia tabaci to a marginally-suitable host
<p>Scripts and data used in the work "Evolved transcriptional responses and their trade-offs after long-term adaptation of Bemisia tabaci to a marginally-suitable host".</p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Although generalist insect herbivores can migrate and rapidly adapt to a broad range of host plants, they can face significant difficulties when accidentally migrating to novel and marginally-suitable hosts. What happens, at both the performance and transcriptional levels, if these marginally-suitable hosts must be used for multiple generations before migration to a suitable host can take place, largely remains unknown. In this study, we established multigenerational colonies of the whitefly <em>Bemisia tabaci</em>, a generalist phloem-feeding species, adapted to a marginally-suitable host (habanero pepper) or an optimal host (cotton). We used reciprocal host tests to estimate the differences in performance of the populations on both hosts under optimal (30 <sup>o</sup>C) and mild-stressful (24 <sup>o</sup>C) temperature conditions, and documented the associated transcriptomic changes. The habanero pepper-adapted population greatly improved its performance on habanero pepper but did not reach its performance level on cotton, the original host. It also showed reduced performance on cotton, relative to the non-adapted population, and an antagonistic effect of the lower-temperature stressor. The transcriptomic data revealed that most of the expression changes, associated with long-term adaptation to habanero pepper, can be categorized as “evolved” with no initial plastic response. Three molecular functions dominated: enhanced formation of cuticle structural constituents, enhanced activity of oxidation-reduction processes involved in neutralization of phytotoxins and reduced production of proteins from the cathepsin B family. Taken together, these findings indicate that generalist insects can adapt to novel host plants by modifying the expression of a relatively small set of specific molecular functions.</p>
Analysis code and data for "End-to-end study of the host galaxy and genealogy of GW170817 with BPASS"
<p>This folder contains the code and data required to reproduce all figures and values presented in the study titled "End-to-end study of the host galaxy and genealogy of GW170817 with BPASS". </p> <p>The running of the data analysis jupyter notebooks will require the installation of the python package "hoki" v1.7 and the download of the BPASS models that are already publically available. The README.md file contains all the information regarding the dependencies of this directory. </p> <p>Should you need assistance please email hfstevance@gmail.com</p>
Figure 1 in Megalopodidae (Insecta, Coleoptera): new occurrence and host plant records for Brazil
Figure 1. Species of Megalopodinae (Megalopodidae) sampled from forest fragments in southwestern and western Paraná. (A) Mastostethus sobrinus Lacordaire, 1845; (B) Mastostethus pantherinus Lacordaire, 1845; (C) Mastostethus lateritius (Klug, 1834); (D) Mastostethus alternans (Klug, 1834); (E) Mastostethus minutus Monrós, 1947; (F) Megalopus tabidus Klug, 1834; (G) Megalopus waterhousei Baly, 1859; (H) Agathomerus (Euagathomerus) sellatus (Germar, 1823); (I) Agathomerus (Euagathomerus) elegans (Klug, 1834); (J) Agathomerus (Agathomeroides) flavomaculatus (Klug, 1845); (K) Pseudhomalopterus carinatus Pic, 1920.
Figure 2 in Megalopodidae (Insecta, Coleoptera): new occurrence and host plant records for Brazil
Figure 2. Species of Megalopodinae (Megalopodidae) on its host plants, registered in southwestern Paraná. (A) Agathomerus (E.) elegans feeding on Solanum (cf., S. variabile) (Solanaceae); (B) Mastostethus pantherinus feeding on Vernonanthura (cf., V. tweediena) (Asteraceae); (C) Agathomerus (A.) flavomaculatus feeding on Solanum (cf., S. variabile) (Solanaceae); (D) Agathomerus (E.) sellatus feeding on Solanum betaceum (Solanaceae).
Borrelia burgdorferi strain and host sex influence pathogen prevalence and abundance in the tissues of a laboratory rodent host
<p class="MsoNormal">Experimental infections with different pathogen strains give insight into pathogen life history traits. The purpose of our study was to compare variation in tissue infection prevalence and spirochete abundance among strains of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> in a rodent host (<em>Mus musculus</em>, C3H/HeJ). Male and female mice were experimentally infected via tick bite with one of 12 strains. Ear tissue biopsies were taken at days 29, 59, and 89 post-infection (PI), and 7 tissues were collected at necropsy. The presence and abundance of spirochetes in the mouse tissues were measured by qPCR. To determine the frequencies of our strains in nature, their MLSTs were matched to published datasets.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For the infected mice, 56.6% of the tissues were infected with <em>B. burgdorferi</em>. The mean spirochete load in the mouse necropsy tissues varied 4.8-fold between the strains with the lowest and highest values. The mean spirochete load in the ear tissue biopsies decreased rapidly over time for some strains. <span>The percentage of infected tissues in male mice (65.4%) was significantly higher compared to female mice (50.5%). The </span>mean spirochete load in the 7 tissues <span>was 1.5x higher in male mice compared to female mice; this male bias was 15.3x higher in the ventral skin. </span>Across the 11 strains, the mean spirochete loads in the infected mouse tissues were positively correlated with the strain-specific frequencies in their tick vector populations. Our study suggests that laboratory-based estimates of pathogen abundance in host tissues can predict the strain composition of this important tick-borne pathogen in nature.</p>
Host preference of a tree-killing bark beetle across a geographic boundary separating host species
<p><span>The life cycles of bark beetles are intimately linked to their host species. Therefore, bark beetle species are expected to show traits that vary among different host species and across geographic ranges. The taxonomic proximity of host tree species can also influence host selection. <em>Abies</em> species native to Japan are genetically classified into three phylogenetic groups. Their natural distributions are separated by a </span><span>distinct biogeographic boundary in Japan (i.e. the Tsugaru Strait, also referred to as Blakiston's Line)</span><span>. Especially, <em>A. sachalinensis</em> is the only species native to Hokkaido, north of the </span><span>Tsugaru Strait</span><span>. I, therefore, investigated the host preference of <em>Polygraphus proximus</em> Blandford within four allopatrically distributed <em>Abies</em> species across the north and south of the Tsugaru Strait</span> <span>through field surveys and field choice experiments</span><span>.</span> <span>Field observations and field host-choice bioassays showed that <em>A. sachalinensis</em> was less severely attacked by <em>P. proximus</em> than was <em>A. veitchii</em> on both sides of the Tsugaru Strait.</span><span> The beetles also </span><span>preferred to attack <em>A. firma</em> (which </span><span>belongs to a genetically distinct group (i.e., the section <em>Momi</em>) from that of <em>A. veitchii</em> and <em>A. sachalinensis</em> (i.e., the section <em>Balsamea</em>)), over </span><em><span>A</span></em><span><em>. sachalinensis</em> in both Hokkaido and Honshu</span><span>. Although </span><em><span><span>A</span><span>.</span></span><span>homolepis</span></em><span> also belongs to the section <em>Momi</em>,</span> <em><span>A</span></em><span><em>. firma</em> and </span><em><span>A</span></em><span><em>. veitchii</em> had more attacks t</span><span>han </span><em><span><span><span>A</span><span>. </span></span><span>homolepis</span></span></em>. <span>Th</span><span>e res</span><span>ults provide evidence that </span><em><span>P</span><span>. proximus</span></em><span> does not show specialization across the different parts of their geographic range where the host species are different, and there is no positive correlation between taxonomic proximity and host preference for </span><em><span>P</span><span>. proximus</span></em><span>.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.