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FIGURES 1‒12 in Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) diversity in Australia, with three new generic records and two new species

FIGURES 1‒12. Australian Phlaeothripinae. Litotetothrips symplocosae sp.n. 1‒3: (1) Head & pronotum; (2) Metanotum & pelta; (3) Antennal segments II‒VIII. Ponticulothrips mudloi sp.n. 4‒7 (male): (4) Antennal segments II‒VIII; (5) Fore tarsus; (6) Head; (7) Pelta. Trichinothrips breviceps 8‒9: (8) Antenna; (9) Head & thorax. Tylothrips osborni 10‒12: (10) Head; (11) Metathoracic ventro-lateral seta; (12) Pronotum.

FIGURE 2 in Phylum Nematoda: trends in species descriptions, the documentation of diversity systematics, and the species concept

FIGURE 2. Proposal of new nematode genera per decade (columns) and total number of valid genera (points and line). The columns represent the total increase in the decade. The points and line represent the total number of valid genera at the end of the decade; i.e. the column for 2010 represents the genera added from the beginning of 2001 to the end of 2010, and the point for 2010 represents the number of genera at the end of 2010.

FIGURE 1 in Phylum Nematoda: trends in species descriptions, the documentation of diversity systematics, and the species concept

FIGURE 1. Descriptions of new nematode species per year. Circles are for all publications, triangles for the journal Zootaxa only. Filled symbols represent arithmetic mean rates per year for the period surrounding the point. Empty symbols represent estimates at the time. See text for full description. Trend lines are illustrative only.

Figure 5 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 5. Cluster analysis of class usage per dyad during physical interference at the perch, based on Euclidean distances. Each symbol represents a specific dyad. The x-axis represents the three clusters set by k-means clustering to which a given dyad was sorted; the y-axis represents the species to which a given dyad belonged, and the z-axis represents the relative distances of each dyad from the respective cluster centre. Dyad sex composition (passive bat is given second) is indicated by different symbols, with the sex of the passive bat indicated by different colours (in red–pink dyads, the passive bat is female; in blue–turquoise dyads it is male). Note that most dyads of a given species grouped in a specific cluster, whereas no clear pattern was found for dyad sex composition or sex of the passive bat.

Figure 4 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 4. The frequency of occurrence of a class across interactions is represented by different colours for Carollia castanea (Cc), Carollia sowelli (Cs) and Carollia perspicillata (Cp). Of the 21 classes discriminated, 20 occurred in C. castanea, 12 in C. perspicillata and five in C. sowelli. The high vocal variability of C. castanea is highlighted by the presence of six rarely occurring classes specific for this species, summarized as other. Please note that class dms, selected for comparative analyses, occurred frequently across all species.

Figure 3 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 3. Oscillograms (upper panels) and sonagrams (lower panels) representing down-sweeps (sensu Knörnschild et al., 2013) emitted by the three sympatric Carollia species present at Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica. A, C, E, parts of a dms bout of Carollia castanea (A), a dms bout of Carollia sowelli (C) and a dms bout of Carollia perspicillata (E) are given. B, D, F, for comparison, two ds syllables of C. castanea (B), two of C. sowelli (D) and four of C. perspicillata (F) are shown. Note that syllable durations and time intervals between syllables are quasi-constant within dms bouts and more variable for sequences of ds syllables.

Figure 2 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 2. Oscillograms (upper panels) showing the relative amplitude (rel. amp.) and sonagrams (lower panels) representing typical frequency–time contours of vocalization classes associated with the social interaction of Carollia bats landing on, grabbing or hanging on a perched conspecific: warbles (A), down-sweep-warble (B), U (C), sinus (D), convex downwardmodulated (E), a dms syllable followed by upward-modulated-sweep (F), other_6 (G), other_1 (H) followed by other_2 (I), U-warbles (J), shallow-U (K), other_3 (L) followed by flat-down-sweep (M), sinus-warble (N) and other_4 (O). A and B are examples from Carollia perspicillata; other examples are from Carollia castanea.

Figure 1 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree for species of the genus Carollia. Genus Rhinophylla served as an outgroup. The numbers above branches are posterior probability estimations. Note how the individuals of the study cluster together in the correct species. Carollia perspicillata are indicated in orange, Carollia sowelli in green and Carollia castanea in yellow.

Figure 6 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 6. Species discrimination based on a discriminant function analysis of acoustic parameters of dms syllables. Median values for each dyad were used in the analysis. The two discriminant functions (DF1 and DF2) are given with the percentage of variance explained. Carollia castanea (Cc) is represented by circles, Carollia sowelli (Cs) by triangles and Carollia perspicillata (Cp) by squares. The corresponding centroids are shown with a bigger symbol. For each species, 95% confidence ellipses are also plotted.

FIGURE 13. Paratype 2 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 13. Paratype 2 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1688 from Umphang District, Tak Province. A. Dorsal view B. Ventral view, showing two everted hemipenes. C. Upper side of head. D. Dorsolateral view of right side of head. E. Dried skin of body from neck until cloacal plate. F. Details of skin showing dorsal scale row reductions behind midbody from 19 to 17. On the left side the 4th row fuses into the 3th row at level V93 to V94. On the right side this reduction also occurs at level V93 to V94. Photos by Sjon Hauser.

FIGURE 10 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 10: Habitat of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov. A. Habitat of the holotype, specimen QSMI 1686. Run offs of rain water and tiny streams were hidden in the dense vegetation of partly degraded evergreen forest at 1,250–1,300 m. B: A little stream amidst 'ancient' evergreen forest in Tak's Umphang District, at an elevation of 1,230 m. The picture shows the site where the stream enters a large concrete drain under the road to re-emerge on the other side. Over the past ten years, some eight roadkilled specimens of H. terrakarenorum were found within a distance of 100 m from this site. C. A fast flowing forest stream amidst evergreen forest in Tak's Tha Song Yang District, at an elevation of 600 m, habitat of specimen SHPC17.09.09-07. Photos by Sjon Hauser.

FIGURE 7. A in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 7. A. The ventral coloration pattern of the anterior part of the body of Paratype 3 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1689, a male from Phop Phra District, Tak Province. B. Ventral view of the posterior end of the body of Paratype 3 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1689, a male from Phop Phra District, Tak Province. The cloudy, ventral spots are larger, darker and nearly fused with the dark-edged corners of the ventral plates, but never intensely dark and closely set. Photos by Sjon Hauser.

FIGURE 16. Paratype 5 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 16. Paratype 5 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1691 from Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view, distinctly showing the divided cloacal plate. C. Upper side of head and neck. D. Lateral view of right side of head and neck. E. Ventral side of head and neck. F. Dried skin of body from neck until cloacal plate. G. Details of skin showing dorsal scale row reductions behind midbody from 19 to 17. On the left side the 4th row fuses into the 3th row at level V102 to V103. On the right side this reduction also occurs at level V102 to V103. Photos by Sjon Hauser.

FIGURE 5 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 5. Examples of dorsal skins at midbody of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov. A. Holotype, specimen QSMI 1686, from Umphang. B. Paratype 2, specimen QSMI 1688, from Umphang. C. Paratype 3, QSMI 1689, from Phop Phra. D. Paratype 4, specimen QSMI 1690, from Omkoi. Photos by Sjon Hauser.

FIGURE 3. Freshly road-killed specimen QSMI 1686 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 3. Freshly road-killed specimen QSMI 1686, holotype of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov. from Umphang District, Tak Province. A. Dorsal view (part of tail is broken off). B. Ventral view, showing one everted hemipenis. C. Upper side of head and neck. D. Ventral side of head and neck. E. Lateral view of left side of head and neck. F. Dried skin of body of holotype from 10th ventral plate until cloacal plate. G. Details of skin showing dorsal scale row reductions behind midbody from 19 to 17. On the left side the 4th row fuses into the 3th row at level V97 to V98. On the right side this reduction occurs at level V96 to V97. Photos by Sjon Hauser.

FIGURE 2 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 2. An adult living specimen of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov. (specimen IDPPA 2021.03.24) resting on a stone in a mountain stream in Kanchanaburi Province. Photo by Ian Dugdale.

FIGURE 1 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 1. Localities of the six species of the genus Hebius known to occur in northern Thailand. Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov. (white dots). Mae Hong Son Province: 1. Mae Sariang District. Chiang Mai Province: 2. Omkoi District. Tak Province: 3. Near Mae Wa Luang Village, Tha Song Yang District; 4. 16.5 km north Ban Tha Song Yang (Village), Tha Song Yang District; 5. Phop Phra District; 6. Umpiam Highland, Umphang District; 7. "Ancient Forest" and around, Umphang District. Hebius bitaeniatus (black triangles) Chiang Mai Province: 1. Fang District (Doi Pha Hom Pok), 2. Mae Wang District (Doi Inthanon National Park), 3. Mae Chaem District (Doi Inthanon National Park). Hebius deschauenseei (black dots) Chiang Mai & Chiang Rai Province: 1. Fang District (Doi Ang Khang), 2. Mae Suai District (Doi Chang), 3. Chiang Dao District. 4. Mae Taeng District. 5. Mae Rim District, 6. Mueang District (Doi Suthep), 7. Mae Wang District (Doi Inthanon), 8. Mae On and Doi Saket District. Phitsanulok Province: 9. Nakhon Thai District (Phu Hin Rong Kla N.P). Phetchabun Province: 10. Lom Kao District (Phu Hin Rong Kla N.P). Hebius igneus (black squares). Chiang Rai Province: 1. Wiang Kaen District (Phu Chi Fa). Nan Province: 2. Pua District (Doi Phu Kha National Park), 3. Bo Kluea District (Doi Phu Kha National Park). Hebius khasiensis (white squares). Mae Hong Son Province: 1. Mueang District. Chiang Rai Province: 2. Wiang Pa Pao District (in Pauwels et al., 2009). Chiang Mai Province: 3. Kanlayani Watthana District, 4. Mae Taeng District, 5. Samoeng District, 6. Mae Rim District, 7. Mae On District, 8. Doi Saket District, 9. Mueang District, 10. Mae Wang District, 11. Mae Chaem District, 12. Chomthong District, 13. Omkoi District. Tak Province: 14. Phop Phra District, 15. Umphang District. Lampang Province: 16. Mueang Pan District. Hebius cf. khasiensis. (white squares). Nan Province: 17. Bo Kluea District (Doi Phu Kha National Park). Phitsanulok Province: 18. Nakhon Thai District (Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park.). Phetchabun Province: 19. Lom Kao District (Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park). Details of the localities of the 22 specimens of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov. are listed in the description of the species. The localities of two specimens from Kanchanaburi Province are about 150 km south of Umphang (white dot number 7) and could not be shown in this map.

FIGURE 12. Paratype 1 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 12. Paratype 1 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1687 from Umphang District, Tak Province. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Upper side of head and neck. D. Lateral view of head and neck. E. Ventral side of head and neck. Photos by Sjon Hauser.

FIGURE 9. A in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 9. A partially everted hemipenis of paratype 7 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1693 from Umphang District, Tak Province. Photo by Sjon Hauser.

FIGURE 18. Paratype 7 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region

FIGURE 18. Paratype 7 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1693 from Umphang District, Tak Province. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view, showing one completely everted hemipenis. C. Upper side of head and neck. D. Ventral side of head and neck. E. Dried skin of body from neck until cloacal plate. F. Details of skin showing dorsal scale row reductions behind midbody from 19 to 17. On the left side the eduction is complicated at level V94 to V96. On the right side the reduction is also complex and occurs at level V94 to V98. Photos by Sjon Hauser.