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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Data Sets for Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties and Validity of the German Version of the Process Model of Emotion Regulation Scale (PMERQ)

Data files relate to an investigation of the psychometric properties of the German Version of the Process Model of Emotion Regulation Scale (PMERQ). Data set 1 (pmerq_1) contains information regarding the age, gender, ethnicity, and educational status of participants. In addition, responses to the 45 items of the initial translation of the 10-scale PMERQ are included. Data set 2 (pmerq_2) contains identical sociodemographic variables and responses to the 45 items of the revised translation of the 10-scale PMERQ. In addition, data set 2 contains responses to the 16-item German Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ), the 10-item German Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), , the German version of the 10-item Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), the 4-item German version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), the German version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the 17-item German Social Desirability Scale-17 (SES-17). Data set 2 (pmerq_2) contains identical sociodemographic variables and responses to the 45 items of the readability-improved translation of the 10-scale PMERQ. In addition, data set 2 contains responses to the German version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the German version of the 9-items UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA).

tRIBS benchmark: Basin-scale simulation, Big Spring, AZ, USA.

This repository hosts the setup for executing a basin-scale simulation of the Big Spring watershed that drains into Sycamore Creek in northern Arizona, USA, using the TIN-Based Real-Time Integrated Basin Simulator (<a href="https://tribshms.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">tRIBS</a>).  This repository consists of :  (1) A data subdirectory, which contains all the necessary data to run the basin-scale simulation of Big Spring, using tRIBS.  2) A doc subdirectory, which contains a jupyter notebook for analyzing and visualizing this specific benchmark case, alongside additional documentation.  (3) A src subdirectory that is currently empty but intended to contain source code for the tRIBS executable, which can be obtained <a href="https://github.com/tribshms/tRIBS">here</a>.  (4) A bin subdirectory, that is currently empty but intended to store the tRIBS executable, with instructions to build the model <a href="https://tribshms.readthedocs.io/en/latest/man/Model_Execution.html#compilation-instructions">here</a>.  (5) A results directory, which contains reference model output for results comparison. Instructions for running this benchmark are available in the README.html file within the repository, which can be opened with your web browser, and can also be found in the latest tRIBS <a href="https://tribshms.readthedocs.io/en/latest/man/Model_Execution.html#run-instructions">documentation</a>.  Data from this model were obtained from a number of public sources:  Soil properties were obtained from ISRIC (https://www.isric.org), with tRIBS input parameters derived from the ROSETTA pedotransfer functions (<a href="https://github.com/usda-ars-ussl/rosetta-soil">https://github.com/usda-ars-ussl/rosetta-soil</a>). Precipitation and vegetation parameters related to tree height and vegetation fraction were provided by Salt River Project. Meteorological forcing was obtained from NLDAS-2 (<a href="https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/nldas/v2/forcing">https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/nldas/v2/forcing</a>),with rainfall data provided from Salt River Project rain gauges. NOTE: If you encounter a situation where, after downloading and extracting the <code>big_spring.gz</code> file, the extracted file has no extension, please follow these steps: <ol> <li> Rename the File: Manually rename the extracted file to <code>big_spring.zip</code>. </li> <li> Extract Again: After renaming, unzip the <code>big_spring.zip</code> file to access the full folder with all the necessary files. </li> </ol> This issue may occur if the file extraction process doesn't automatically add the <code>.zip</code> extension. By renaming the file and unzipping it again, you should be able to access the complete set of files without any issues.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Supplementary Data for A large-scale transcontinental river system crossed West Antarctica during the Eocene

The file contains supplementary figures to the paper "A large-scale transcontinental river crossed West Antarctica during the Eocene", by Max Zundel, Cornelia Spiegel, Chris Mark, Ian Millar, David Chew, Johann Klages, Karsten Gohl, CD Hillenbrand, Yani Najman, Ulrich Salzmann, Werner Ehrmann, Jürgen Titschack, Thorsten Bauersachs, Gabi Uenzelmann-Neben, Torsten Bickert, Jule Müller, Frank Lisker, Steve Bohaty, Gerd Kuhn, and the Science Team of Polarstern Expedition PS104, published in Science Advances <a name="_Hlk153790947"></a>

Decision support for the deployment of hydrogen technologies at the scale of a territory - Raw dataset

This dataset was created to run a capacity expansion model developed in the context of my thesis, 'Decision support for the deployment of hydrogen technologies at the scale of a territory'. Here are the raw data from which every parameter of the model is derived. The code of the model can be found in open source here: <a href="https://github.com/Anaelle-Mines/SPHYDERS">SPHYDERS</a>. The set includes: -The hourly electricity consumption in France for year 2019. -The hourly natural gas prices in France for year 2019. -The hourly grid electricity prices in France for year 2019. -The average hourly availability factors of different electricity production technologies in France for year 2019 (nuclear plants, onshore wind turbines, offshore wind turbines, solar PV, gas turbines, H2 turbines, hydraulic turbines, coal plants etc...). -The local availability factors of different electricity and hydrogen production technologies in PACA region for year 2019 (onshore wind turbines, offshore wind turbines, solar PV, methane reforming reactors, electrolysers). -The off-peak time calendar for various contracts with the grid operator. -The techno-economic data for all the technologies of the model (CAPEX, OPEX, life time)

Data from: the great tit HapMap project: a continental-scale analysis of genomic variation in a songbird

A major aim of evolutionary biology is to understand why patterns of genomic diversity vary within taxa and space. Large-scale genomic studies of widespread species are useful for studying how environment and demography shape patterns of genomic divergence. Here, we describe one of the most geographically comprehensive surveys of genomic variation in a wild vertebrate to date; the great tit (Parus major) HapMap project. We screened ca 500,000 SNP markers across 647 individuals from 29 populations, spanning ~30 degrees of latitude and 40 degrees of longitude - almost the entire geographic range of the European subspecies. Genome-wide variation was consistent with a recent colonisation across Europe from a South-East European refugiam, with bottlenecks and reduced genetic diversity in island populations. Differentiation across the genome was highly heterogeneous, with clear "islands of differentiation", even among populations with very low levels of genome-wide differentiation. Low local recombination rates were a strong predictor of high local genomic differentiation (FST), especially in island and peripheral mainland populations, suggesting that the interplay between genetic drift and recombination causes highly heterogeneous differentiation landscapes. We also detected genomic outlier regions that were confined to one or more peripheral great tit populations, probably as a result of recent directional selection at the species' range edges. Haplotype-based measures of selection were related to recombination rate, albeit less strongly, and highlighted population-specific sweeps that likely resulted from positive selection. Our study highlights how comprehensive screens of genomic variation in wild organisms can provide unique insights into spatio-temporal evolutionary dynamics.

Evaluating the predictors of habitat use and successful reproduction in a model bird species using a large scale automated acoustic array

The emergence of continental to global scale biodiversity data has led to growing understanding of patterns in species distributions, and the determinants of these distributions, at large spatial scales. However, identifying the specific mechanisms, including demographic processes, and determining species distributions remains difficult, as large-scale data are typically restricted to observations of only species presence. New remote automated approaches for collecting data, such as automated recording units (ARUs), provide a promising avenue towards direct measurement of demographic processes, such as reproduction, that cannot feasibly be measured at scale by traditional survey methods. In this study, we analyze data collected by ARUs from 452 survey points across an approximately 1500 km study region to compare patterns in adult and juvenile distributions in the Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). We specifically examine whether habitat associated with successful reproduction is the same as that associated with adult presence. We postulated that congruence between these two distributions would suggest that all areas of the species' range contribute equally to maintenance of the population, whereas significant differences would suggest more specificity in the species' requirements for successful reproduction. We filtered adult and juvenile calls of the species for manual review using automated classification and constructed single season occupancy models to compare land cover and vegetation covariates which significantly predicted presence of each life stage. We found that habitat use by adults was significantly predicted by increasing amounts of forest cover, reduced forest basal area, and lower elevations whereas juvenile presence was significantly predicted only by decreasing amounts of forest cover, a pattern opposite that of adults. These results show that presence of adult Great Horned Owls is not a sufficient proxy for locations at which reproduction occurs, and also demonstrate a highly scalable workflow that could be used for similar analyses in other sound-producing species.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

RBE-DS-NO2: A fine-scale NO2 dataset during 2005-2020 in China

RBE-DS-NO2 is a long-term, high-resolution NO2 dataset for China. This dataset was generated by employing the robust back-extrapolation via a data augmentation approach (RBE-DA) to ensure the predictive accuracy in back-extrapolation before 2013, and by utilizing an improved spatial downscaling technique (DS) to refine the spatial resolution from 10 km to 1 km. Back-extrapolation validation based on 2005-2012 observations from sites in Taiwan province yielded an R2 of 0.72 and RMSE of 10.7 μg/m3, while cross-validation across China during 2013-2020 showed an R2 of 0.73 and RMSE of 9.6 μg/m3.

Propagational Isotropy of Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over Australia And New Zealand due to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption

This data repository contains global TEC processed data from 14 - 16 January 2022. The original data were obtained from the GNSS-TEC database available at https://stdb2.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/GPS/GPS-TEC/ provided by the Institute for Space-Earth Environment Research, Nagoya University. The data is in .mat format (binary Matlab file) with the following data matrices: <ol> <li>Coordinates (geographic coordinates - Latitude, Longitude)</li> <li>dTEC1 (detrended TEC)</li> <li>TimeTEC_combined (time series absolute TEC for each geographic coordinate)</li> </ol> Data has a time resolution of 5 min in each column.

DATASET OF "Evolutionary Pathways to Thin-Coated Seeds in Crops: Insights from Allometric Scaling" by Milla et al.

<table> <tbody> <tr> <td>This database is composed of four spreadsheets:</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data</td> <td>Unpublished data used in the manuscript. Data that was published earlier is not included to avoid duplicates, but reference to their source is given in the other two spreadsheets</td> </tr> <tr> <td>species_in_sources</td> <td>Key to the sources of data for the project, for each species, and each observation within species</td> </tr> <tr> <td>list_of_sources</td> <td>Key to sources plus full reference of each key</td> </tr> <tr> <td>list_accessions</td> <td>list of accessions identities for each crop and domestication status</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Meaning of colums in each spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>data:</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>id_data</td> <td>id of row in this spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>id_sources</td> <td>id of row in the species_in_sources spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>species</td> <td>Botanical name of the species</td> </tr> <tr> <td>family</td> <td>Family adscription of the species</td> </tr> <tr> <td>genus</td> <td>genus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>species_epith</td> <td>species epithet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>cultivar_subsp_type</td> <td>for domesticated genotypes, cultivar, subspecies, or type</td> </tr> <tr> <td>accesion_id</td> <td>accesion id from seedbanks</td> </tr> <tr> <td>crop</td> <td>for domesticated genotypes and their direct wild progenitors: common name of the crop</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dom_status_c_w</td> <td>whether an entry comes from a domesticated or a wild genotype or species</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dom_status_im_lr_wp_wnowp</td> <td>domestication status of the entry, either an improved cultivar of a crop (im), a landrace (lr), a wild progenitor (wp) or a wild species not closely related to any crop (wnowp)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>seed_mass_mg</td> <td>seed mass, in mg</td> </tr> <tr> <td>seed_coat_mass_mg</td> <td>seed coat mass, in mg</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kernel_mass_mg</td> <td>kernel mass, in mg</td> </tr> <tr> <td>key_to_source</td> <td>code to link with the references listed in the list_of_sources spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>species_in_sources:</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>id_sources</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>species</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>family</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>genus</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>species_epith</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>cultivar_subsp_type</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>accesion_id</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>crop</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dom_status_c_w</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dom_status_im_lr_wp_wnowp</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>key_to_source</td> <td>see above for data spreadsheet</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>list_of_sources:</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>key_to_source</td> <td>code to link with the references</td> </tr> <tr> <td>source</td> <td>full reference</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>list_accessions:</td> <td>see "data" sheet</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

Phenotypic plasticity in tropical butterflies is linked to climatic seasonality on a macroevolutionary scale

Phenotypic plasticity can be adaptive in fluctuating environments by providing rapid environment-phenotype matching and this applies particularly in seasonal environments. African Bicyclus butterflies have repeatedly colonized seasonal savannahs from ancestral forests around the Late Miocene and many species now exhibit seasonal polyphenism. On a macroevolutionary scale, it can be expected that savannah species will exhibit higher plasticity due to them experiencing stronger environmental seasonality than forest species. We quantified seasonality using environmental niche modelling, and surveyed the degree of plasticity in a key wing pattern element (eyespot size) using museum specimens. We show that species occurring in highly seasonal environments display strong plasticity, while species in less seasonal or aseasonal environments exhibit surprisingly variable degrees of plasticity, including strong to no plasticity. Furthermore, eyespot size plasticity has a moderate phylogenetic signal and the ancestral Bicyclus likely exhibited some degree of plasticity. We propose hypotheses to explain the range of plasticity patterns seen in less seasonal environments, and generate testable predictions for the evolution of plasticity in Bicyclus. Our study provides one of the most compelling cases showing links between seasonality and phenotypic plasticity on a macroevolutionary scale and the potential role of plasticity in facilitating the colonization of novel environments.

Experimental data associated with publication "Small-scale roughness entraps water and controls underwater adhesion"

This folder contains: <ol> <li>Experimental adhesion data and the JKR Fit parameters.</li> <li>Raw SFG data used to create Figure 2.</li> <li>Power spectral densities of the 4 rough diamond surfaces. </li> <li>Summary sheets containing results for dry and underwater adhesion measurements.  </li> </ol>

The abilitator summary scale items and summary scores

Objectives According to the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) panel, structural validity describes how well Patient-Reported Outcome Measures' (PROM) scores reflect the dimensions of the measured construct. Reaching structural validity is important for PROMs that reflect unidimensional effect indicators, but not for formative PROMs in which the items are not necessarily correlated. The main purpose of this study was to examine the structural components of the Abilitator, a co-developed self-report questionnaire on work ability and functioning for the population in a weak labour market position. Methods We examined to what extent the Abilitator has reflective and formative elements in its five summary scales: "C. Inclusion", "D. Mind", "E. Everyday life", "F. Skills", and "G. Body". The Abilitator data sample (n=4555, men 51%, mean age 37 years) was collected in 2017–2022 by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in cooperation with the European Social Fund Priority 5 projects in which the participants have multiple challenges to gain employment. For the structural components and validity analysis we implemented both Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results Based on the COSMIN criteria for structural validity, the Abilitator reached approximate model fit with CFA when we analysed the different concepts of the questionnaire separately rather than in one unified model. An exception was "E. Everyday life" which was a formative summary scale, and it did not reach approximate fit. EFA showed that the items in the Abilitator's summary scales loaded on ten factors. Conclusions The Abilitator had both reflective and formative elements in its structure. It reached structural validity in those separate concepts that were based on a reflective model. This study revealed interesting connections between different aspects of the Abilitator and produced valuable information for further modification of the questionnaire.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Dataset for "Year-long optical time scale with sub-nanosecond capabilities"

Dataset of the realization of an optical time scale (OTS) based on an hydrogen maser and an ytterbium optical lattice clock. Results discussed in Formichella et al., Year-long optical time scale with sub-nanosecond capabilities, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.509706">Optica 11, 4, 523 (2024)</a>.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Data from: Institutional complexity emerges from socioecological complexity in small-scale human societies

Human lifestyles vary enormously over time and space and so understanding the origins of this diversity has always been a central focus of anthropology. A major source of this cultural variation is the variation in institutional complexity; the cultural packages of rules, norms, ontologies, and expectations passed down through societies across generations. In this paper we study the emergence of institutions in small-scale societies. There are two primary schools of thought. The first is that institutions emerge top-down as rules are imposed by elites on their societies in order to gain asymmetrical access to power, resources, and influence over others through coercion. The second is that institutions emerge bottom-up to facilitate interactions within populations as they seek collective solutions to adaptive problems. Here, we use Bayesian networks to infer the causal structure of institutional complexity in 172 small-scale societies across ethnohistoric western North America reflecting the wide diversity of indigenous lifestyles across this vast region immediately prior to European colonization. Our results suggest that institutional complexity emerges from underlying socioecological complexity because institutions are solutions to coordination problems in more complex environments where human-environment interactions require increased management.

Data from: Decadal-scale time series highlight the role of chronic disturbances in driving ecosystem collapse in the Anthropocene

These data support a publication in the Journal Ecology that describes 37 years of change on the coral reefs of St. John, US Virgin Islands. In this paper, four decades of surveys from two coral reefs (9 and 14 m depth) off St. John, US Virgin Islands, are used to quantify the associations of acute and chronic events with the changes in benthic community structure. These reefs profoundly changed over 36 years, with coral death altering species assemblages to depress abundances of the ecologically important coral Orbicella spp. and elevating the coverage of macroalgae and crustose coralline algae/turf/bare space (CTB). Linear mixed models revealed the prominent role of chronic variation in temperature in accounting for changes in coverage of corals, macroalgae, and CTB, with rising temperature associated with increases in coral cover on the deep reef, and declines on the shallow reef. Hurricanes were also associated with declines in coral cover on the shallow reef, and increases on the deep reef. Multivariate analyses revealed strong associations between community structure and temperature, but weaker associations with hurricanes, bleaching, and diseases. These results highlight the overwhelming importance of chronically increasing temperature in altering the benthic community structure of Caribbean reefs.

Data for: Salivary metabolomics in the family environment: A large-scale study investigating oral metabolomes in children and their parental caregivers

Human metabolism is complex and dynamic and is impacted by genetics, diet, health, and countless inputs from the environment. Beyond the genetics shared by family members, cohabitation leads to shared microbial and environmental exposures. Furthermore, metabolism is affected by factors such as inflammation, antibiotic potential, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, metabolic regulation, and environmental exposure to heavy metals within the home. Metabolomics represents a useful analytical method to assay the metabolism of individuals to find potential biomarkers for metabolic conditions that may not be phenotypically obvious or represent unknown physiological processes. As such, we applied untargeted LC-MS metabolomics to archived saliva samples from a racially diverse group of elementary school-aged children and their caregivers collected during the "90-month" assessment of the Family Life Project. We assayed a total of 1,425 saliva samples of which 1,344 were paired into 672 caregiver/child dyads. We compared the metabolomes of children (N = 719) and caregivers (N = 706) within and between homes, performed population-wide "metabotype" analyses, and measured associations between metabolites and salivary biomeasures of inflammation, antioxidant potential, ETS exposure, metabolic regulation, and heavy metals. Dyadic analyses revealed that children and their caregivers have largely similar salivary metabolomes. Although there were differences between the dyads at the individual levels of analysis, dyads explained most (62%) of the metabolome variation. At a population level of analysis, our data clustered into two large groups, indicating that people likely share most of their metabolomes, but that there are distinct "metabotypes" across large sample sets. Lastly, individual differences in several metabolites – which were putative oxidative damage-associated or pathological markers – were significantly correlated with salivary measures indexing inflammation, antioxidant potential, ETS exposure, metabolic regulation, and heavy metals. Implications of the effects of family environment on metabolomic variation at the population, dyadic, and individual levels of analyses for health and human development are discussed.

GPS tracking data for: Male mating season range expansion results from an increase in scale of daily movements for a polygynous-promiscuous bird

Males of species with promiscuous mating systems are commonly observed to use larger ranges during the mating season relative to non-mating seasons, which is often attributed to a change in movements related to reproductive activities. However, few studies link seasonal range sizes to variations in daily space use patterns to provide insight into the behavioral mechanisms underlying mating season range expansion. We studied 20 GPS-tagged male wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), a large upland gamebird, during the mating and summer non-mating seasons to test the hypothesis that larger mating season ranges resulted from male wild turkeys expanding the scale of daily movement activities to locate and court females. We delineated mating and non-mating seasons based on the intensity of gobbling, a vocalization tied to courtship behavior, recorded by autonomous recording units distributed across the study area. Mating season ranges were significantly larger than non-mating season ranges. Daily ranges were larger in the mating season, as were distances between roost sites used on consecutive nights. Variance in daily range size was greater in the mating season, but low temporal autocorrelation suggested considerable daily variability in both seasons. We found no evidence that male wild turkeys changed how they distributed daily movements within seasonal ranges, or differences in habitat use, suggesting larger mating season ranges result from male wild turkeys increasing the scale of their daily movements, rather than a systematic shift to a nomadic movement strategy. Likely, the distribution of females is more dynamic and ephemeral compared to other resources, prompting males to traverse larger daily ranges during the mating season to locate and court females. Our work illustrates the utility of using daily movement to understand the behavioral process underlying larger space use patterns.

ChatEarthNet: A Global-Scale Image-Text Dataset Empowering Vision-Language Geo-Foundation Models

We introduce a new image-text dataset, providing high-quality natural language descriptions for global-scale satellite data. Specifically, we utilize Sentinel-2 data for its global coverage as the foundational image source, employing semantic segmentation labels from the European Space Agency's WorldCover project to enrich the descriptions of land covers. By conducting in-depth semantic analysis, we formulate detailed prompts to elicit rich descriptions from ChatGPT. We then include a manual verification process to enhance the dataset's quality further. This step involves manual inspection and correction to refine the dataset. Finally, we offer the community ChatEarthNet, a large-scale image-text dataset characterized by global coverage, high quality, wide-ranging diversity, and detailed descriptions. ChatEarthNet consists of 163,488 image-text pairs with captions generated by ChatGPT-3.5 and an additional 10,000 image-text pairs with captions generated by ChatGPT-4V(ision). This dataset has significant potential for both training and evaluating vision-language geo-foundation models for remote sensing.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Animations from "Scaling density of axion strings in terasite simulations"

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.