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6,175 results for “Composition”
Figure 1 in Diversity and species composition of Araneidaeı Tetragnathidae and Nephilidae in different levels of disturbed habitats in Trinidadı West Indies
Figure 1. Map of Trinidad showing the location of sampling localities of natural (∙) and disturbed (O) habitats.
Type IIP Supernova Progenitors and Their Explodability. I. Convective Overshoot, Blue Loops, and Surface Composition
<p>MESA input and output files associated with the published work. We used MESA version r-10398 and MESA SDK version 20180822.</p> <p>The MESA_inputs.tar.gz contains work directories for each overshoot parameter (f) values analyzed in the paper. The models can be run directly from each working directory by making (./mk) and then running MESA (./rn). The modified run-script (rn) starts a MESA run from pre-main-sequence stage if the LOGS directory is absent, otherwise restarts from the latest photo saved in the photos directory. Each working directory has modified run_star_extras.f file that saves compactness parameters, mu_4, M_4 as extra history columns, as well as implements additional temporal resolution constraints as explained in our paper II (Wagle & Ray 2019, DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5d2c, section 2.2).</p> <p>The f_*.tar.gz contains a history.data file (and corresponding binary file history.npy that can be directly loaded into python data structure), as well as several profile.data files and a saved model at CC stage for each 'f' value. It also contains png_plots generated by inlist_pgstar and the movies generated from these files using "images_to_movie.sh" script (available with MESA SDK).</p> <p> </p>
Data for "Characterization of composition and sources of atmospheric submicron particles in Xi'an, China during summer using an aerosol chemical speciation monitor"
<p>The dataset used for the study of Li et al. (2020). </p>
Phenotype data (composition, functionality, end-product quality) of wheat grown in Flanders, Belgium
<p>Data for the Ph.D. dissertation entitled: Outline of four degrees of diversification for understanding bread wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) quality. For further details on the content of the files, the meaning of abbreviations and used techniques, it is referred to the Ph.D. manuscript. </p> <p>For further details, please contact the author. </p>
Comparison of different gas extraction techniques to analyze CH4 and N2O compositions in gas trapped in permafrost ice wedges
<p>Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compositions in ground ice may provide information on their production mechanisms in permafrost. However, existing gas extraction methods have not been well tested. We tested conventional wet and dry gas extraction methods using ice wedges from Alaska and Siberia, finding that both methods can extract gas from the easily extractable parts of the ice (e.g., gas bubbles), and yield similar results for CH4 and N2O mixing ratios. We also found insignificant effects of microbial activity during wet extraction. However, both techniques were unable to fully extract gas from the ground ice, presumably because gas molecules adsorbed onto or enclosed in soil aggregates are not easily extractable. Estimation of gas production in subfreezing environment of permafrost should consider such incomplete gas extraction.</p>
F I G U R E 1 in Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS- CoV-2
F I G U R E 1 Structural diagrams of spike glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2. All spike proteins of coronaviruses contain S1 subunit and S2 subunit, which were divided by the S cleavage sites. FP, fusion peptide; HR, heptad repeat 1 and heptad repeat 2; RBD, receptor‐binding domain, contains core binding motif in the external subdomain; SP, signal peptide
F I G U R E 2 in Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS- CoV-2
F I G U R E 2 Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of coronavirus spike glycoproteins. The sequences of spike glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2, bat SARS‐like CoV, pangolin SARS‐like CoV, and SARS‐CoV were analyzed. The red stars indicate pangolin SARS‐like CoV and bat SARS‐like CoV. Host flags are marked after the clusters. SARS‐CoV‐2, severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2
Data and code for figures: Formation and Collision of Multistability-Enabled Composite Dissipative Kerr Solitons
<p>This dataset contains the data presented in the Figures of the paper <Formation and Collision of Multistability-Enabled Composite Dissipative Kerr Solitons>.</p>
Data for vertebrate scavenger species composition on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts and implications for Nicrophorus americanus Olivier (American burying beetle) reintroduction
<p>Abstract: We surveyed scavenger species on Nantucket Island, MA, using motion-activated wildlife cameras baited with carcasses of either a Mus musculus domesticus (House Mouse) or Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) in the summer of 2016. We aimed to identify vertebrate scavenger species, measure how long carcasses remained available, and examine differences in carrion consumption between grassland and shrubland vegetation types. This information is important for management decisions concerning a reintroduced population of a federally endangered obligate scavenger, Nicrophorus americanus (American Burying Beetle), on Nantucket Island. Carcasses were removed or consumed within 2.7 ± 1.8 d, and vertebrates removed the carcass in 74% of trials. Carcasses persisted for similar lengths of time between the 2 vegetation types, but avian scavengers were significantly more common on Bobwhite Quail carcasses in grassland, and mammalian scavengers were significantly more common on House Mouse carcasses in shrubland habitats. Avian species appear to be significant competitors for carrion appropriate for American Burying beetle reproduction.</p> <p>This project was partly funded by grant #15-233 from the <a href="https://www.norcrosswildlife.org/">Norcross Wildlife Foundation</a>. </p> <p>File descriptions:<br> allCameraData.csv- Cleaned raw camera data. 2015 data from a pilot study and 2016 data are what was used for the publication.<br> dataDictionary.csv- Data dictionary for all csv files<br> figure2_goodnessOfFitTests.R- R code to create figure 2 and run goodness of fit and post hoc tests<br> quadplotper.csv- Data used by figure2_goodnessOfFitTests.R to create figure<br> resultsSummarized.csv- Authors' determinations of what species removed carrion</p>
Dataset: Seasonality, drivers, and isotopic composition of soil CO2 fluxes from tropical forests of the Congo Basin
<p>These data sets contain data from soil CO2 flux measurements and its drivers (soil moisture, soil temperature) from lowland and montane tropical forests of the Congo Basin. Additionally, 13C values of soil emitted CO2, SOC, Leaflitter, and stream dissolved CO2 are reported. A Manuscript using these data sets has been submitted to Biogeosciences</p>
COVID-19 impact on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in a typical city of Northwest China
<p>This dataset include the data used in the study of "COVID-19 impact on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in a typical city of Northwest China" submitted to GRL.</p>
Data from: The effect of heat treatments on the phase composition and diffraction patterns of goethite to α-Fe2O3/γ-Fe2O3 transformation
<p class="Body"><span>Recovered iron hydroxides from Electro-coagulated (EC) sludge collected from the textile wastewater treatment plant and heat treated forms of iron oxides on phase composition properties and phase identification were reported. EC sludges containing iron hydroxides were examined with heat treatment at a temperature of 100, 300, 500 and 800 <sup>0</sup>C. The raw and analyzed data of the x-ray diffraction examinations of the raw iron hydroxides containing EC sludge and transformed iron oxides were reported. X- ray <em><span>Diffraction </span></em>(XRD) analytical techniques were used for both raw EC sludge and transformed iron oxides, hematite, characteristic determination. Iron oxide (Hematite) diffraction pattern as comparative to International Central Diffraction Data (ICDD) from heat treated at high temperature EC sludge were evaluated and confirmed. Raw and analyzed data of XRD analysis for both recovered iron hydroxides and transformed iron oxides is uploded in the data repository as PDF and XPS viewer.</span></p>
Embeddings from "CBOW Is Not All You Need: Combining CBOW with the Compositional Matrix-Space Model"
<p>This item holds the learned embeddings from the paper:</p> <p>Mai, Florian, Lukas Galke, and Ansgar Scherp. “CBOW Is Not All You Need: Combining CBOW with the Compositional Matrix Space Model.” In <em>International Conference on Learning Representations</em>, 2019. <a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=H1MgjoR9tQ">https://openreview.net/forum?id=H1MgjoR9tQ</a>.</p>
Comparing harvestmen species composition between habitats on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts
<p>Dataset submitted in fulfillment of a 2010 Nantucket Biodiversity Initiative grant.</p> <p>From 2006 through 2008, we collected surface invertebrate specimens using pitfall traps from a variety of habitats on Nantucket Island and Tuckernuck Island, Massachusetts. In this project, we sorted 413 harvestmen from these samples, identified all specimens to species, and compared species distributions within four general habitat types. We identified all four species that appear on a historic species list from the late 1920’s and we added the non-native species Phalangium opilio. We found that H. maculosus prefers open heathland habitat over dense heathland and tupelo forest. Other species showed no significant preference for a specific habitat. We continue to sort specimens.</p> <p>allHarvestmentData.csv<br> anovaData.csv - data used for anova<br> dataDictionary.csv<br> mckenna-foster-paradis-nbi-report-2011.pdf<br> mckenna-foster-paradis-nbi-poster-2011.pdf - slides for a poster presentation at the 2011 NBIconference</p>
The development dataset of the AI composition recognition competition, CSMT2020
<p>The development dataset contains 6000 MIDI files with monophonic melodies generated by artificial intelligence algorithms. The tempo is between the 68bpm and 118bpm (beat per minute). The length of each melody is 8 bars, and the melody does not necessarily include complete phrase structures. There are two datasets with different music styles used as the training dataset of a certain number of algorithms, where the melodies in the development dataset are generated.</p> <p>The website of the challenge:</p> <p><a href="http://www.csmcw-csmt.cn/data/2020/ai-composition-recognition2020/">http://www.csmcw-csmt.cn/data/2020/ai-composition-recognition2020</a> (Chinese instruction)</p> <p><a href="https://ai-composition-recognition2020.github.io/english.html">https://ai-composition-recognition2020.github.io/english.html</a> (English instruction)</p>
Single-cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Extensive Heterogeneity in the Cellular Composition of Mouse Achilles Tendons
<p>Tendon is a dense connective tissue that stores and transmits forces between muscles and bones. Cellular heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the biological basis of tissue homeostasis and disease, yet little is known about the diversity of cell types that populate tendon. To address this, we determined the heterogeneity of cell populations within mouse Achilles tendons using single-cell RNA sequencing. In assembling a transcriptomic atlas of Achilles tendons, we identified 11 distinct types of cells, including 3 previously undescribed populations of tendon fibroblasts. This table contains differential gene expression for specific genes identified in distinct populations of cells within tendon tissue. </p>
Data for: Synthesis and assessment of schwertmannite/few-layer graphene composite for the degradation of sulfamethazine in heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction
<p> Schwertmannite, an iron oxyhydrosulfate mineral, can catalyze Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic contaminants, but the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) on the surface of schwertmannite is a limiting step for the Fenton-like process. In the present study, the schwertmannite/few-layer graphene composite (sch-FLG) was synthesized to promote the catalytic activity of schwertmannite in Fenton-like reaction. It was found that schwertmannite can be successfully carried by FLG in sch-FLG composite, mainly via the chemical bond of Fe-O-C on the surface of sch-FLG. The sch-FLG exhibited a much higher catalytic activity than schwertmannite or FLG for the degradation of SMT in the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction, which resulted from that the few-layer graphene can pass electrons efficiently. The degradation efficiency of SMT was around 100% under the reaction conditions of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 200-500 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, sch-FLG dosage 1-2 g L<sup>-1</sup>, temperature 28-38 °C, and initial solution pH 1-9. During the repeated uses of sch-FLG in Fenton-like reaction, it maintained a certain catalytic activity for the degradation of SMT and the mineral structure was not changed. In addition, SMT may be finally mineralized in Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by sch-FLG, and the possible degradation pathways were proposed. Therefore, the sch-FLG is an excellent catalyst for SMT degradation in heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction.</p>
Data from: Regulation of fatty acid composition related to ontogenetic changes and niche differentiation of a common aquatic consumer
<p>Fatty acids (FAs) are key nutrients for fitness which take part in multiple physiological processes over the ontogeny of organisms. Yet, we lack evidence on how FA nutrition mediates life-history trade-offs and ontogenetic niche shifts in natural populations. In a field study, we analyzed ontogenetic changes in the FAs of Eurasian perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i> L.), a widespread fish that goes through ontogenetic niche shifts and can have high individual niche specialization. Diet explained most of the variation in the FA composition of perch dorsal muscle over early ontogeny (28%), while the total length explained 23%, suggesting that perch significantly regulated FA composition over early ontogeny. Condition explained 1% of the remaining variation. 18:3n-3 (ALA) and 18:4n-3 (SDA) indicated planktivory; 18:1n-7, benthivory; and 22:6n-3 (DHA), piscivory in perch diet. Conversely, perch regulated long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as 20:5n-3 (EPA), 20:4n-6 (ARA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) over ontogeny, emphasizing the role of such FAs in early growth and sexual maturation. Adult perch increasingly retained 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9 suggesting higher energy storage in older perch. Furthermore, differences in DHA availability in diet correlated with intra-cohort differences in perch growth, potentially hindering the overall use of benthic resources and promoting earlier shifts to piscivory in littoral habitats. Overall, this study indicates that in addition to diet, internal regulation may be more important for FA composition than previously thought. Differences between FA needs and FA availability may lead to life-history trade-offs that affect the ecology of consumers, including their niche.</p>
Unique bacterial composition and assembly in a parasitic plant
<p>How plant-associated microbiota are shaped by, and potentially contribute to the unique ecology and heterotrophic life history of parasitic plants is relatively unknown. Here, we investigate the leaf and root bacterial communities associated with the root holoparasite <i>Orobanche hederae</i> and its host plant <i>Hedera</i> spp. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from leaf and root samples of naturally growing populations of <i>Orobanche</i> and infected and uninfected <i>Hedera</i>. Root bacteria inhabiting <i>Orobanche </i>were less diverse, had fewer co-associations, and displayed increased compositional similarity to leaf bacteria relative to <i>Hedera</i>. Overall, <i>Orobanche</i> bacteria exhibited significant congruency with <i>Hedera</i> root bacteria across sites, but not the surrounding soil. Infection had localized and systemic effects on <i>Hedera</i> bacteria, which included effects on the abundance of individual taxa and root network properties. Collectively, our results indicate that the parasitic plant microbiome is derived but distinct from host plant microbiota, exhibits increased homogenization between shoot and root tissues, and displays far fewer co-associations among individual bacterial members. Host plant infection is accompanied by modest changes of associated microbiota at both local and systemic scales compared with uninfected individuals. The results are a first step towards extending the growing insight into the assembly and function of the plant microbiome to include the ecologically unique but often overlooked guild of heterotrophic plants</p>
Data from: The fading of fear effects due to coral degradation is modulated by community composition
<ol> <li>An increasing number of coral reefs throughout the world have become degraded as a result of climate change. This degradation has resulted in a significant decline in local biodiversity. Studies have shown that some fishes (non-responders) within these altered habitats are not able to adequately access olfactory cues, specifically chemical alarm cues that are crucial in mediating predation risk.</li> <li>We propose that the inability to access this crucial information is a potential mechanism for increased mortality of these species under natural conditions. However, we posit that the presence of certain key species (responders that are unaffected by degradation) may buffer the handicap of non-responders by providing an alternate source of information.</li> <li>To explore this hypothesis, we investigated if a high ratio of responders to non-responders could mitigate the impact of information loss for the affected species. Using mesocosms, we manipulated the ratio of two damselfish species, Pomacentrus chrysurus (responder) and P. moluccensis (non-responders), to determine if community composition can be predictive of information transfer about predation threats in nearby non-responder individuals.</li> <li>Our results indicate that the magnitude of fear effects seen in P. moluccensis exposed to a predator was proportional to the number of P. chrysurus present and consumed by the predator in the community. This indicates that P. chrysurus became the only functional source of predation-related information for P. moluccensis in degraded habitats.</li> <li>Our study provides evidence that the presence of non-affected species in the community provides a potential mechanism allowing increased resilience by affected species, therefore providing another example of the way biodiversity affects ecological resilience of species in changing ecosystems.</li> </ol>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.