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496 results for “Bionomics”
Aphid-induced phytochemicals in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. afflicting host preference and bionomics of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)
<p>Bionomics of an insect and metabolic flux of the host plant are important tools to decipher the status of plant resistance against insect species. This study illuminates vital information on aphid-induced levels of phytochemicals in the siliquae<em> </em>of <em>Brassica juncea</em> cultivars and their effect on host selection and population growth parameters of <em>Lipaphis erysimi</em>. The current study unveiled that the siliquae preference, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0) were significantly lower on Pusa Mustard 27, DRMR 150-35, RLC 3, NRCHB 101, Pusa Mustard 26 and Pusa Mustard 25. However, mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) of <em>L. erysimi</em> were significantly longer (P<0.001) in these genotypes. These cultivars were also found with elevated levels of aphid-induced phytochemicals and their associated enzymes, except in a few cases. Total antioxidants, FRAP, chlorophyll A, total chlorophyll, AO, catalase, PAL and myrosinase were found to contribute 49.18 to 85.30% variation for siliquae preference and bionomics of <em>L. erysimi</em> on the test <em>B. juncea</em> cultivars. The study revealed that phenols, antioxidants, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total carotenoids, AO, APX, PAL, TAL and myrosinase had significant and negative direct consequences on the siliquae preference and bionomics, thus can be exploited as biochemical markers to identify sources of resistance against <em>L. erysimi</em>. Further, DRMR 150-35, NRCHB 101, RLC 3, Pusa mustard 26, RH 749, and Pusa Mustard 27 were found with greater aphid-induced defence phytochemicals and detrimental effects on the host selection and bionomics of <em>L. erysimi</em>, thus can be deployed in <em>Brassica</em> improvement program.</p>
FIGURES 10–15 in First data on the bionomics of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus (Morawitz, 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 10–15. Bionomics of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus. 10. Two cells of the complete nest containing caterpillars of Aporiptura ochroflava; 11. A cell from the complete nest containing a prepupa; 12. A female feeding on a fresh flower of Limonium scoparium; 13. A female feeding on a faded flower of L. scoparium; 14. A female feeding on a bud of Verbascum phlomoides; 15. A male sleeping on an inflorescence of Halimione verrucifera. Scale bars = 1 cm.
FIGURES 8–9 in First data on the bionomics of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus (Morawitz, 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 8–9. Schematic plans of nests and nest cells of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus. 8. Plans of three dissected soil cracks with the nests, lateral view (A and B, nests abandoned by the females; C, the complete nest; 1–3, cell numbers); 9. Plans of two nest cells from the complete nest containing an egg and a prepupa, lateral view (A, mud plug of the cell; B, prey feces; C, cocoon; D, meconium).
FIGURE 1 in First data on the bionomics of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus (Morawitz, 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURE 1. Schematic map of the area inhabited by Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus near the bank of the Barakol Lake in the Crimea illustrating the method of the finding of the nesting sites (see text).
FIGURES 2–7 in First data on the bionomics of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus (Morawitz, 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 2–7. Bionomics of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus. 2. Nesting site in 2014; 3. Nesting site in 2016; 4. A female entering a soil crack containing her nest; 5. A female taking liquid from a leaf of Suaeda salsa; 6. A case of Aporiptura ochroflava on a leaf of Halimione verrucifera; 7. A female retrieving the caterpillar of A. ochroflava from its case on an inflorescence of H. verrucifera.
FIGURE 1 in Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Diptera: Culicidae), a genus and species new to the Iranian mosquito fauna, with a review of bionomical information *
FIGURE 1. Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Rondani), Captured in Pareh Village, Rudbar County, Guilan Province, northern Iran, 18 July 2016 (original photographs).
FIGURE 2 in Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Diptera: Culicidae), a genus and species new to the Iranian mosquito fauna, with a review of bionomical information *
FIGURE 2. Map of Iran highlighting the location of Guilan Province and its 16 counties, including Rudbar County (highlighted) and Pareh Village (indicated by the star) where the specimen of Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Rondani) was collected.
FIGURE 4 in The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics
FIGURE 4. Distribution and habitat of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978. 4A, Distribution map of collection localities; 4B, view of a sampled site, Cachoeira da ASFRAMA, BR-174, Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil; 4C–4D, substrates where larvae were collected: 4C, rocky bottom; 4D, leaves of Thurnia sphaerocephala (Rudge) (Thurniaceae).
FIGURE 3 in The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics
FIGURE 3. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, pupa: 3A, pupal habitus, dorsal; 3B, labrum, dorsal; 3C, mandibles, dorsal; 3D, hook plates, dorsal (II–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior); 3E, abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal. Scale bars = 1 mm (3A, 3C); 0.05 mm (3B, 3D); 0.2 mm (3E).
FIGURE 2 in The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics
FIGURE 2. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, larva: 2A, larval habitus, right lateral; 2B1, right foreleg, external (posterior) surface; 2B2, right midleg, external (posterior) surface; 2B3, right hind leg, external (posterior) surface; 2C, thoracic nota, dorsal; 2D, sterna VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral. Scale bars = 1 mm (2A); 0.5 mm (2C); 0.2 mm (2B1–2B3, 2D).
FIGURE 1 in The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics
FIGURE 1. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, larva: 1A, head, dorsal; 1B, head, ventral; 1C, head, left lateral; 1D, labrum, dorsal; 1E, mandibles, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Figure 6 in One genus, four different stories: evolutionary history, bionomics and biogeography of the monotypic tribe Stenostomatini (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
Figure 6. Biotopes of the species within the genus Stenostoma. A, Pantelleria, Piano Ghirlanda (Stenostoma cossyrense). B, Madeira, Eira do Serrado, Madeira (Stenostoma lowei). C, Sicily, Punta Braccetto, stabilized dunes (Stenostoma melitense). D, Malta, Gozo Island (S. melitense). E, Sicily, Punta Braccetto, dunes (Stenostoma rostratum). F, Sardinia, Porto Ferro (S. rostratum, habitat and oviposition site with dead wood).
Figure 5. A in One genus, four different stories: evolutionary history, bionomics and biogeography of the monotypic tribe Stenostomatini (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
Figure 5. A, time-calibrated tree of Stenostomatini. Time, expressed as millions of years ago (Mya) is reported at nodes. The 95% highest posterior density (95% HPD) is reported at nodes as grey bars. Coloured squares indicate the nodes calibrated with the fossils, which are reported in the key (bottom left). A 5 Mya time scale encompassing time since 200 Mya (Pl, Pliocene; Q, Quaternary) is at the bottom of the chronogram. B, bathymetric map of the sea surrounding Sicily. Depth is expressed in different shades of blue (see key at the bottom left). The dotted area represents the maximum extension of land around Sicily during the marine regression of the Last Glacial Maximum (~20 000 years ago). The islands of Malta were connected to the Hyblean Plateau, while Pantelleria approached but was never connected to Sicily.
Figure 4. A in One genus, four different stories: evolutionary history, bionomics and biogeography of the monotypic tribe Stenostomatini (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
Figure 4. A, multilocus phylogenetic tree based on COI, CAD and 28S. The topology corresponds to the maximum likelihood (ML) tree. Vertical bars on the right represent the tribes of Oedemeridae, distinguished by different colours. Pictures of the adults of the four species of Stenostoma are also shown (from top: Stenostoma cossyrense, Stenostoma melitense, Stenostoma rostratum and Stenostoma lowei). Only supported values of nodes (UFBootstrap ≥ 95; SH-aLRT ≥ 80%; posterior probability ≥ 0.95) are reported (SH-LRT/UFB/PP). '-' indicates non-supported values. B, haplotype networks showing phylogenetic relationships among COI, CAD and 28S in S. melitense and S. cossyrense. Colours assigned to different populations are shown in the key (top left). Intermediate haplotypes not sampled are indicated by white dots.
Figure 2 in One genus, four different stories: evolutionary history, bionomics and biogeography of the monotypic tribe Stenostomatini (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
Figure 2. Genitalia of the species within the genus Stenostoma. A, B, Stenostoma cossyrense tegmen (A) and aedeagus (B). C, D, Stenostoma lowei tegmen (C) and aedeagus (D). E, F, Stenostoma melitense tegmen (E) and aedeagus (F). G, H, Stenostoma rostratum rostratum tegmen (G) and aedeagus (H). I–M, Stenostoma rostratum septentrionale tegmen (I) aedeagus (L) and aedeagus, variability (M).
Figure 1 in One genus, four different stories: evolutionary history, bionomics and biogeography of the monotypic tribe Stenostomatini (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
Figure 1. Habitus and detail of head and pronotum of the species within the genus Stenostoma. A–E, habitus. A, Stenostoma cossyrense. B, Stenostoma lowei. C, Stenostoma melitense. D, Stenostoma rostratum rostratum. E, Stenostoma rostratum septentrionale. F–L, detail of head and pronotum. F, S. cossyrense. G, S. lowei. H, S. melitense. I, S. rostratum rostratum. L, S. rostratum septentrionale.
Figure 3 in One genus, four different stories: evolutionary history, bionomics and biogeography of the monotypic tribe Stenostomatini (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
Figure 3. Distribution map of the tribe Stenostomatini. Key: white dots, Stenostoma rostratum; purple dots, Stenostoma lowei; green dots, Stenostoma cossyrense; orange dots, Stenostoma melitense.
FIGURE 6 in New and poorly known Meligethes Stephens from China, with bionomical data on some species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
FIGURE 6. Distribution maps of Meligethes (Odonthogethes) species; a (M. simulator, M. pallidoelytrorum, M. luteomaculatus sp. n., M. tricuspidatus sp. n., and M. trapezithorax sp. n.); b (M. wagneri, M. ferruginoides, M. pectoralis, M. pseudopectoralis).
FIGURE 3 in New and poorly known Meligethes Stephens from China, with bionomical data on some species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
FIGURE 3. Actual and/or putative Rosaceae larval host plants of Meligethes (Meligethes) species: a, Rosa multiflora from Zhejiang (host plant of M. (M.) violaceus); b, Rosa sericea from Sichuan (host plant of M. (M.) elytralis and probably also of M. (M.) macrofemoratus); c, Rosa soulieana from Sichuan (host plant of M. (M.) binotatus); d, Rosa cymosa from Sichuan (likely host plant of M. (M.) transmissus); e, Rosa moyesii from Sichuan (likely host plant of M. (M.) semenovi); f, Rosa giraldii from Shaanxi (probably the host plant of M. (M.) aurifer).
FIGURE 4 in New and poorly known Meligethes Stephens from China, with bionomical data on some species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
FIGURE 4. Actual and/or putative Rosaceae larval host plants of Meligethes (Odonthogethes) species: a, Rubus rosifolius from Hubei (likely host plant of M. (O.) trapezithorax sp. n., M. (O.) tricuspidatus sp. n., and M. (O.) luteomaculatus sp. n.); b, Rubus niveus from Sichuan (host plant of M. (O.) pallidoelytrorum); c, Photynia serratifolia from Chongqing (likely host plant of M. (O.) flavicollis); d, Malus asiatica from Guizhou (likely host plant of M. (O.) pectoralis); e, Sorbaria arborea from Shaanxi (likely host plant of M. (O.) wagneri).
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