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Fig. 4 in Stopped Dead in Their Tracks: The Impact of Railways on Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Movement and Behavior

Fig. 4. Principal component analysis (PCA) with 95% confidence ellipses comparing tortoise behavior expressed over a one-hour observation period. Confidence ellipse fills are based on railway familiarity in addition to the control group. Control tortoises fall well outside the multivariate space of tortoises placed in the railway, demonstrating the inability of tortoises to cross railways.

Fig. 2 in Stopped Dead in Their Tracks: The Impact of Railways on Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Movement and Behavior

Fig. 2. (A) The trench dug underneath the rails and between the railway ties. A game camera faces the entrance/exit on the west side of the railway to photograph Gopher Tortoises passing from one side to the other. (B) A series of pictures of a single Gopher Tortoise moving from the east side of the tracks to the west side.

Fig. 1 in Stopped Dead in Their Tracks: The Impact of Railways on Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Movement and Behavior

Fig. 1. (A) The 20 m railway plot in which Gopher Tortoises were tested for crossing ability and behavioral differences between Habituated (n ¼ 12) and Naïve (n ¼ 12) railway familiarity. (B) The control plot in which tortoises (n ¼ 12) were tested for crossing ability and behavioral differences solely on the presence of a visual barrier.

Fig. 3 in Stopped Dead in Their Tracks: The Impact of Railways on Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Movement and Behavior

Fig. 3. (A) Three simulated correlated random walks (CRWs) by a single tortoise (ID: 5233) confined to the coastal strand habitat. Each simulation is a different patterned line with the start point designated by the triangle (m) and the stop points designated by squares (&). Each simulation counted the number of times the tortoise crossed the railway (represented by the thick dotted line). (B) Histogram of the number of expected railway crosses based on 1000 simulated CRWs by a single tortoise (ID: 5233). The observed number of crosses is plotted with the dotted line and is significantly below the expected number of crosses.

FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic placement of a new species of Corynesporopsis from dead acacia wood indicates occurrence of tretic conidiogenesis within Xylariales

FIGURE 5. Bispora betulina, conidiophores and conidia. a. From natural wood substrate (IMI 78573, K). Scale bar = 10 μm. b. From agar plate culture (IMI 96728, K). Scale bar = 20 μm.

FIGURE 2. Corynesporopsis acaciae. a in Phylogenetic placement of a new species of Corynesporopsis from dead acacia wood indicates occurrence of tretic conidiogenesis within Xylariales

FIGURE 2. Corynesporopsis acaciae. a. Habitat formed by stump of Acacia confusa at type locality. b. Ex-type culture on corn meal agar with red pigment diffusing from the dark brown colony.

FIGURE 4. Corynesporopsis quercicola. a, b. Conidiophores and conidia. c in Phylogenetic placement of a new species of Corynesporopsis from dead acacia wood indicates occurrence of tretic conidiogenesis within Xylariales

FIGURE 4. Corynesporopsis quercicola. a, b. Conidiophores and conidia. c. Young conidium emerging from apical pore of the terminal conidiogenous cell. d, e. Catenate conidia. Scale bars = 20 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic placement of a new species of Corynesporopsis from dead acacia wood indicates occurrence of tretic conidiogenesis within Xylariales

FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood tree showing estimated relationships of Corynesporopsis acaciae among Xylariales and some other orders of Sordariomycetes based on 5.8S-ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Bootstrap values above 50% (1,000 replicates) are indicated at the nodes. The tree was rooted with the clade representing Hypocreales (Claviceps purpurea and Nectria cinnabarina).

FIGURE 3. Corynesporopsis acaciae, microscopic characteristics. a. Conidiophores and conidia from the holotype. b. Conidiophores from another, overmature specimen. c in Phylogenetic placement of a new species of Corynesporopsis from dead acacia wood indicates occurrence of tretic conidiogenesis within Xylariales

FIGURE 3. Corynesporopsis acaciae, microscopic characteristics. a. Conidiophores and conidia from the holotype. b. Conidiophores from another, overmature specimen. c. Conidiophores from the ex-type culture shown in 2b. Scale bars: c, d, e = 10 μm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIGURE 3. A–E Chusquea fruticosa. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Culm leaves. D. Branch complements and foliage leaves. E. Synflorescences and foliage leaves. F–J Chusquea caparaoensis. F. Habitat and habit. G. Branching pattern and foliage leaves. H. Synflorescence and foliage leaves. I. Dead culms. J in Two new species of Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and complete description of C. caparaoensis

FIGURE 3. A–E Chusquea fruticosa. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Culm leaves. D. Branch complements and foliage leaves. E. Synflorescences and foliage leaves. F–J Chusquea caparaoensis. F. Habitat and habit. G. Branching pattern and foliage leaves. H. Synflorescence and foliage leaves. I. Dead culms. J. Seedling. Photos by Evandro Pianissola.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Support Materials for Manuscript "Climate change induces rapid growth of dead ice in Asian glaciers" Review

<div>Description of support materials of paper "Climate change induces rapid growth of dead ice in Asian glaciers".</div> <div> </div> <div>The detailed description of files is below:</div> <div> </div> <div>·  Total.csv</div> <div>The subregional statistics of HMA dead ice area and mass in 2100 under different SSPs.</div> <div> </div> <div>·  Folder ./Inventory</div> <div>Interdecadal potential dead ice inventory in HMA.</div> <div> </div> <div>·  Folder ./Individual</div> <div>Interdecadal statistics of individual glaciers' dead ice in HMA for their ablation (unit: Gt), area (unit: km2) and mass (unit: Gt).</div>

opennotspecifiedJan 2020View details →

FIGURE 3 in Multi-locus phylogeny reveals Phaeodothis mori sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from dead leaves of Morus australis

FIGURE 3. Phaeodothis tricuspidis (SF125876, holotype) a. Herbarium packet and specimen. b. Ascomata on host. c. Close up of ascoma. d, e. Sections through ascomata. f. Peridium comprising hyaline compressed cells. g–j. Mature and immature asci surrounded by pseudoparaphyses. k–n. ascospores. Scale bars: c = 1000 µm, d, e = 100 µm, f = 20 µm, g–j = 30 µm, k–n = 5 µm.

opennotspecifiedJan 2020View details →

FIGURE 2 in Multi-locus phylogeny reveals Phaeodothis mori sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from dead leaves of Morus australis

FIGURE 2. Phaeodothis mori (holotype, MFLU 18-2612) a, b. Appearance of ascomata on the host. c. Section of ascoma. d. Section of peridium. e. Pseudoparaphyses. f–i. Asci. j–l. Ascospores. m. Ascospores stained in Indian ink showing mucilaginous sheath. n. Germinated ascospore. o. Colony from below. p. Colony from above. Scale bars: c = 50 µm, d = 10 µm, e–i = 20 µm, j–n = 5 µm.

opennotspecifiedJan 2020View details →

FIGURE 1 in Multi-locus phylogeny reveals Phaeodothis mori sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from dead leaves of Morus australis

FIGURE 1. RAxML tree based on a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1- α partial sequences of 84 taxa of the family Didymosphaeriaceae. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) values higher than 60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BYPP) greater than 0.90 are given above each branch respectively. The new isolates are in red. Ex-type strains are in bold. The tree is rooted by Pleospora herbarum (CBS 191.86, IT 956) and P. tarda (CBS 714.68).

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Data from: Digging their own macroevolutionary grave: Fossoriality as an evolutionary dead-end in snakes

The tree of life is highly asymmetrical in its clade wise species richness and this has often been attributed to variation in diversification rates either across time or lineages. Variations across lineages are usually associated with traits that increase lineage diversification. Certain traits can also hinder diversification by increasing extinction and such traits are called evolutionary dead-ends. Ecological specialization has usually been considered as an evolutionary dead-end. However, recent analyses of specializations along single axes have provided mixed support for this model. Here, we test if fossoriality, a trait that forces specialization at multiple axes, acts as an evolutionary dead-end in squamates (lizards and snakes) using recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods. We show that fossoriality is an evolutionary dead-end in snakes but not in lizards. Fossorial snakes exhibit reduced speciation and increased extinction compared to non-fossorial snakes. Our analysis also indicates that transition rates from fossoriality to non-fossoriality in snakes are significantly lower than transition rates from non-fossoriality to fossoriality. Overall our results suggest that broad scale ecological interactions that lead to specialization at multiple axes limit diversification.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

FIGURES 24–25 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) caught at dead mice in S. W. Finland

FIGURES 24–25. Megaselia ruficornis female, details of abdomen. 24, lobes at rear of sternum 8; 25, furca. (Scale bar = 0.1mm).

FIGURES 5–10 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) caught at dead mice in S. W. Finland

FIGURES 5–10. Megaselia breviseta female, details of abdomen. 5, tergite 7; 6, sternite 7; 7, furca; 8, tubular organ; 9, right lobe at rear of sternum 8; 10, hypoproct. (Scale bars = 0.1mm).

FIGURES 16–17 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) caught at dead mice in S. W. Finland

FIGURES 16–17. Megaselia giraudii female, details of abdomen. 16, lobes at rear of sternum 8; 17, Dufour's crop mechanism. (Scale bar = 0.1mm).

FIGURES 22–23. Megaselia ruficornis female abdominal tergites. 22, T5 and T6 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) caught at dead mice in S. W. Finland

FIGURES 22–23. Megaselia ruficornis female abdominal tergites. 22, T5 and T6; 23, T2 to T4. (Scale bar = 0.1mm).