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9,798 results for “muscles”
Figure 1 in New species of Paraodontomma from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with muscle tissue preservation (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Figure 1. General habitus of Paraodontomma leptocristatum sp. nov., holotype, NIGP174676. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Figure 10 in New species of Paraodontomma from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with muscle tissue preservation (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Figure 10. Details of Paraodontomma szwedoi, holotype, NIGP169926, under widefield fluorescence. (A) Head, dorsal view. (B) Head, ventral view. (C) Prothorax, dorsal view. (D) Prothorax, ventral view. (E) Mesothorax, ventral view. (F) Epipleuron, ventral view. (G) Antenna, dorsal view. (H) Elytral base, dorsal view. (I) Elytral apex, dorsal view. Abbreviations: an1-3 = antennomeres 1-3; ep = epipleuron; es = elytral suture; ey = compound eye; msc = mesocoxa; msf = mesofemur; msv = mesoventrite; pc = procoxa; pf = profemur; pn = pronotum; pp = propleuron; ps = prosternum; ptb = protibia; ptc = protrochanter. Scale bars: 500 μm.
Figure 9 in New species of Paraodontomma from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with muscle tissue preservation (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Figure 9. General habitus of Paraodontomma szwedoi, holotype, NIGP169926, under incident light. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Figure 6 in New species of Paraodontomma from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with muscle tissue preservation (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Figure 6. Virtual slices of Paraodontomma leptocristatum sp. nov., holotype, NIGP174676, based on X-ray microtomographic reconstruction. (A) Head, horizontal sections. (B) Metathorax, sagittal sections. (C) Metathorax, subhorizontal sections. (D) Elytron, horizontal sections. (E) Aedeagus, horizontal sections. Abbreviations: Mh11 = Musculus cranio-mandibularis internus; Mt84 = Musculus metanoto-sternalis; pe = penis. Scale bars: 800 μm.
Figure 3 in New species of Paraodontomma from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with muscle tissue preservation (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Figure 3. Details of Paraodontomma leptocristatum sp. nov., holotype, NIGP174676, under confocal microscopy. (A) Mouthparts, anterior view. (B) Procoxae, ventral view. (C) Mesocoxae, ventral view. (D) Epipleuron, ventral view, showing the nonwavily arranged teeth along the outer elytral margin (arrowheads). (E) Mesotarsus, ventral view. (F) Metatarsus, ventral view. (G) Abdominal apex, ventral view. (H) Anterior portion of head, posterodorsal view. (I) Elytra, dorsal view. Abbreviations: an1 = antennomere 1; ep = epipleuron; es = elytral suture; lb = labrum; lbp = labial palp; md = mandible; msc = mesocoxa; mst1-5 = mesotarsomeres 1-5; mtt1-5 = metatarsomeres 1-5; mtv = metaventrite; mxp = maxillary palp; pc = procoxa; ps = prosternum; ptb = protibia; v2,5 = ventrite 2,5; wp = window punctures. Scale bars: 200 μm.
Figure 5. X in New species of Paraodontomma from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with muscle tissue preservation (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Figure 5. X-ray microtomographic reconstruction of Paraodontomma leptocristatum sp. nov., holotype, NIGP174676. Note that some bubbles were not removed. (A) Head, dorsal view. (B) Head, ventral view. Scale bar: 750 μm.
Figure 8 in New species of Paraodontomma from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with muscle tissue preservation (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Figure 8. Serial horizontal virtual sections of Paraodontomma leptocristatum sp. nov., holotype, NIGP174676, based on X-ray microtomographic reconstruction. Scale bar: 1.5 mm.
Figure 2 in New species of Paraodontomma from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with muscle tissue preservation (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)
Figure 2. Details of Paraodontomma leptocristatum sp. nov., holotype, NIGP174676, under widefield fluorescence. (A) Head, anteroventral view. (B) Head, posterodorsal view. (C) Prothorax, dorsal view. (D) Prothorax, ventral view. (E) Mid leg and metathorax, ventral view. (F) Elytra, dorsal view. (G) Hind leg, ventral view. (H) Abdominal apex, ventral view. Abbreviations: an1-3 = antennomeres 1-3; ep = epipleuron; es = elytral suture; ey = compound eye; hd = head; msf = mesofemur; msts = mesotarsus; mtf = metafemur; mttb = metatibia; mtv = metaventrite; pc = procoxa; pf = profemur; pn = pronotum; pp = propleuron; ps = prosternum; ptb = protibia; pts = protarsus; v1-5 = ventrites 1-5. Scale bars: 500 μm.
FGF-2-dependent signaling activated in aged human skeletal muscle promotes intramuscular adipogenesis
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Aged skeletal muscle is markedly affected by fatty muscle infiltration and strategies to reduce the occurrence of intramuscular adipocytes are urgently needed. Here, we show that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) not only stimulates muscle growth, but also promotes intramuscular adipogenesis. Using multiple screening assays upstream and downstream of microRNA (miR)-29a signaling, we located the secreted protein and adipogenic inhibitor SPARC to an FGF-2 signaling pathway that is conserved between skeletal muscle cells from mice and humans and that is activated in skeletal muscle of aged mice and humans. FGF-2 induces the miR-29a/SPARC axis through transcriptional activation of FRA-1, which binds and activates an evolutionary conserved AP-1 site element proximal in the miR-29a promoter. Genetic deletions in muscle cells and AAV-mediated overexpression of FGF-2 or SPARC in mouse skeletal muscle revealed that this axis regulates differentiation of fibro/adipogenic progenitors <i>in vitro</i> and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) formation <i>in vivo</i>. Skeletal muscle from human donors aged > 75 years versus < 55 years showed activation of FGF-2-dependent signaling and increased IMAT. Thus, our data highlights a disparate role of FGF-2 in adult skeletal muscle and reveals a novel pathway to combat fat accumulation in aged human skeletal muscle.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Text-fig. 1. Schizocrania incola (PERNER, 1903). Drawings of visceral area and muscle scars. in Schizocrania (Brachiopoda, Discinoidea): Taxonomy, Occurrence, Ecology And History Of The Earliest Epizoan Lingulate Brachiopod
Text-fig. 1. Schizocrania incola (PERNER, 1903). Drawings of visceral area and muscle scars.
Fig. 27 in Dorsolateral head muscles of the catfish families Nematogenyidae and Trichomycteridae (Siluriformes: Loricarioidei): comparative anatomy and phylogenetic analysis
Fig. 27. Dorsal view of head of Pareiodon microps (Stegophilinae), LIRP 7422 (112.9 mm SL).
Determining voluntary activation in synergistic muscles: new insights from a mechanomyographic approach
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We propose a new approach based on the mechanomyographic (MMG) signal to detect the voluntary activation (VA) of the synergistic superficial heads of quadriceps muscle. We hypothesised that, after a fatiguing task, the changes in MMG signal of each quadriceps’ head would correlate with the level of VA of the whole quadriceps.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five men [age:25(1) yrs; body mass:77(2) kg; stature:1.81(0.02) m] underwent a unilateral single-leg quadriceps exercise up to failure. Before and after the intervention, VA was assessed by the interpolated twitch technique via nerve stimulation during and after a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Along with force, the MMG signal was recorded from <em>vastus lateralis</em>, <em>vastus medialis</em>, and <em>rectus femoris </em>muscles. The MMG peak-to-peak was calculated and the voluntary activation index (VA<sub>MMG</sub>) as the superimposed/potentiated MMG peak-to-peak ratio, was determined from the MMG signal for each head. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: VA<sub>MMG</sub> presented very-high reliability (ICC:0.975-0.998) and sensitivity (MDC<sub>95%</sub>: 0.4%-4.26%). Fatigue reduced MVC and VA in both the exercised [-17(5)%, ES:-0.92 and -7(3)%, ES:-1.90 for MVC and VA, respectively] and the contralateral limb [-15(7)%, ES:-0.87 and -7(3)%, ES:-2.32 for MVC and VA, respectively]. VA<sub>MMG </sub>decreased in both the exercised [~-9(6)%, ES:-1.00] and the contralateral limb [~-5(2)%, ES:-1.12], with larger VA<sub>MMG</sub> decrements occurring in <em>vastus medialis</em> in the exercised limb only. Moderate to very high correlations were found between VA<sub>MMG</sub>and VA (<em>R</em>= 0.503-0.886) before and after fatigue. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VA<sub>MMG</sub> may be implemented to assess VA and could provide further information when different synergistic muscle heads are involved in a fatiguing task.</p>
Large-scale integration of single-cell transcriptomic data captures transitional progenitor states in mouse skeletal muscle regeneration
<p>Skeletal muscle repair is driven by the coordinated self-renewal and fusion of myogenic stem and progenitor cells. Single-cell gene expression analyses of myogenesis have been hampered by the poor sampling of rare and transient cell states that are critical for muscle repair, and do not inform the spatial context that is important for myogenic differentiation. Here, we demonstrate how large-scale integration of single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data can overcome these limitations. We created a single-cell transcriptomic dataset of mouse skeletal muscle by integration, consensus annotation, and analysis of 23 newly collected scRNAseq datasets and 88 publicly available single-cell (scRNAseq) and single-nucleus (snRNAseq) RNA-sequencing datasets. The resulting dataset includes more than 365,000 cells and spans a wide range of ages, injury, and repair conditions. Together, these data enabled identification of the predominant cell types in skeletal muscle, and resolved cell subtypes, including endothelial subtypes distinguished by vessel-type of origin, fibro/adipogenic progenitors defined by functional roles, and many distinct immune populations. The representation of different experimental conditions and the depth of transcriptome coverage enabled robust profiling of sparsely expressed genes. We built a densely sampled transcriptomic model of myogenesis, from stem cell quiescence to myofiber maturation and identified rare, transitional states of progenitor commitment and fusion that are poorly represented in individual datasets. We performed spatial RNA sequencing of mouse muscle at three time points after injury and used the integrated dataset as a reference to achieve a high-resolution, local deconvolution of cell subtypes. We also used the integrated dataset to explore ligand-receptor co-expression patterns and identify dynamic cell-cell interactions in muscle injury response. We provide a public web tool to enable interactive exploration and visualization of the data. Our work supports the utility of large-scale integration of single-cell transcriptomic data as a tool for biological discovery.</p>
Warburg effect characterizes the skeletal muscle in Fabry Disease: experimental evidence and clinical implications
<p>Skeletal muscle (SM) pain and fatigue are common in Fabry disease (FD), and strongly impact the patient’s quality of life. Still, the SM in FD is poorly investigated. Although energetic alterations are reported in cells from FD patients, they have never been related to fatigue and pain. Given the pivotal relevance of energetics for SM health, we undertook the investigation of the SM. We consistently observed a reduced tolerance to aerobic activity and lactate accumulation in FD-humanized mouse model and patients. Accordingly, in sedentary mouse FD SM we detected an increase in fast/glycolytic-fibers, mirrored by an upregulation of glycolytic enzymes and glucose-transporters. In fibroblasts derived from FD patients, we confirmed a high glycolytic-rate and accordingly, metabolomic/lipidomic-analysis revealed that lipids are underutilized as energetic fuel in FD-patients. In the quest for a tentative mechanism, we explored analogies with genetic myopathies, that show altered expression of energetic metabolism. Specifically, we explored HIF-1 upregulation and found it increased in FD mice and patients. From a screening of miRNAs associated with metabolic stress, we found the significant upregulation of miR-17, which has been previously associated with HIF-1 up-regulation. A specific antagomir targeting miR-17 was able to inhibit HIF-1 accumulation and revert metabolic-remodeling in FD-cells. Our findings unveil an anaerobic glycolytic-switch under normoxia, known as Warburg Effect, which is induced by miR-17-mediated-upregulation of HIF-1. The miR-17/HIF-1 pathway can be a new therapeutic target in FD, and Exercise-testing and blood lactate may become a new diagnostic and monitoring-tool in FD.</p>
Cell selectivity in succinate receptor SUCNR1/GPR91 signaling in skeletal muscle
<p>Succinate is released by skeletal muscle during exercise and activates <em>SUCNR1</em>/GPR91. Signaling of SUCNR1 is involved in cell-cell communication in skeletal muscle. However, the specific cell types responding to succinate and the directionality of communication are unclear. <em>De novo</em> analysis of transcriptomic datasets demonstrated that <em>SUCNR1</em> mRNA is expressed in immune, adipose, and liver tissues, but scarce in skeletal muscle. In human tissues, <em>SUCNR1</em> mRNA was associated with macrophage markers. Single-cell RNA sequencing and fluorescent RNAscope demonstrated that in human skeletal muscle, <em>SUCNR1</em> mRNA is not expressed in muscle fibers but coincided with macrophage populations. Human M2-polarized macrophages exhibit high levels of <em>SUCNR1</em> mRNA and stimulation with selective agonists of SUCNR1 triggered Gq- and Gi-coupled signaling. Primary human skeletal muscle cells were unresponsive to <em>SUCNR1</em> agonists. In conclusion, SUCNR1 is not expressed in muscle cells and its role in the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to exercise is most likely mediated via paracrine mechanisms involving M2-like macrophages within the muscle.</p>
Rapid changes in transcriptomic profile and mitochondrial function in human soleus muscle after three-day dry immersion
<p>Supplemental Tables for a study <strong>Rapid changes in transcriptomic profile and mitochondrial function in human soleus muscle after three-day dry immersion</strong></p>
Effects of grip position on forearm muscle surface electromyography activity during maximal isometric finger dead-hangs in rock climbers
<p>Dataset from the study titled: "Effects of grip position on forearm muscle surface electromyography activity during maximal isometric finger dead-hangs in rock climbers"</p> <p>The dataset includes data from: participant's characteristics, maximal absolute and BW relative loads used during dead-hangs, EMG RMS data for each of the registered muscles and grip positions, and neuromuscular efficiency data for each muscle and grip position.</p>
DATASET RELATED TO ARTICLE "Muscle quantitative MRI in adult SMA patients on nusinersen treatment_ a longitudinal study"
<p>Excel file with raw data of muscle fat fraction before and after nusinersen treatment</p>
Data from: Muscle force-length dynamics during walking over obstacles indicates delayed recovery and a shift towards more strut-like function in birds with proprioceptive deficit
<p>Recent studies of in vivo muscle function in guinea fowl revealed that distal leg muscles rapidly modulate force and work to stabilize running in uneven terrain. Previous studies focused on running only, and it remains unclear how muscular mechanisms for stability differ between walking and running. Here we investigate in vivo function of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) during walking over obstacles. We compare muscle function in birds with intact (iLG) versus self-reinnervated LG (rLG). Self-reinnervation results in proprioceptive feedback deficit due to loss of monosynaptic stretch reflex. We test the hypothesis that proprioceptive deficit results in decreased modulation of EMG activity in response to obstacle contact, and a delayed obstacle recovery compared to iLG. We found that total myoelectric intensity (Etot) of iLG increased by 68% in obstacle strides (S 0) compared to level terrain, suggesting a substantial reflex-mediated response. In contrast, Etot of rLG increased by 31% in S 0 strides compared to level, but also increased by 43% in the first post-obstacle (S+1) stride. In iLG, muscle force and work differed significantly from level only in the S 0 stride, indicating a single-stride recovery. In rLG, force increased in S 0, S+1, and S+2 compared to level, indicating three-stride obstacle recovery. Interestingly, rLG showed little variation in work output and shortening velocity obstacle terrain, indicating a shift towards near isometric strut-like function. Reinnervated birds also adopt a more crouched posture across level and obstacle terrains compared to intact birds. These findings suggest gait specific control mechanisms in walking and running.</p>
Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling reveals a self-renewing muscle satellite cell state
<p><span class="TextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0">A balance between self-renewal and differentiation is critical for the regenerative capacity of tissue-resident stem cells. In skeletal muscle, successful regeneration requires the orchestrated activation, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle satellite cells (</span><span class="SpellingError SCXW101911863 BCX0">MuSCs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0">) that are normally quiescent. A subset of </span><span class="SpellingError SCXW101911863 BCX0">MuSCs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"> undergoes self-renewal to replenish the stem cell pool, but the features that identify and define self-renewing </span><span class="SpellingError SCXW101911863 BCX0">MuSCs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"> remain to be elucidated. Here, through single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis, we reveal the self-renewal versus differentiation trajectories of </span><span class="SpellingError SCXW101911863 BCX0">MuSCs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"> over the course of regeneration in vivo. We identify </span><span class="SpellingError SCXW101911863 BCX0">Betaglycan</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"> as a unique marker of self-renewing </span><span class="SpellingError SCXW101911863 BCX0">MuSCs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"> that can be purified and efficiently contributes to regeneration after transplantation. We also show that SMAD4 and downstream genes are genetically required for self-renewal </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0">in vivo</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"> by restricting differentiation. Our study unveils the identity and mechanisms of self-renewing </span><span class="SpellingError SCXW101911863 BCX0">MuSCs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW101911863 BCX0"> while providing a key resource for comprehensive analysis of muscle regeneration.</span></span></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.