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2,395 results for “Contrast”
Environmental data for evaluation of Chinstrap Penguin foraging behaviour in Harmony Point, Nelson Island, during two years of contrasting conditions.
<p>This dataset includes:</p> <p>1 - a time series of environmental variables subsetted for the Area 48.1 (Antarctic Peninsula);</p> <p>2 - Monthly averaged data on chlorophyll-a concentration CHL, photosynthetically available/active radiation PAR (NASA OB.DAAC 2018a,b), fractional sea ice cover SIC and surface wind speed SWS (GMAO 2015) for a 75km radius around Harmony Point, Nelson Island, maritime Antarctic Peninsula;</p> <p>3 - Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) NASC (Nautical Area Scattering Coefficient, m2 nmi−2) acoustic estimated density for december/january 2019/20 and 2021/22, acoustic surveys were carried out in the research vessel boat "<em>RS Karpuj</em>" within the area used by penguins;</p> <p>3 - Foraging trip -level summarized data from 27 chinstrap penguins tracked with Axy-trek marine loggers (40 x 20 x 8 mm, 14g, GPS logger, time depth recorder TDR and accelerometer) during late incubation and early chick-rearing, december/january 2019/20 and 2021/22;</p> <p>4 - Colony-level breeding success estimated as chicks raised per nest in d2019/20 and 2021/22 breeding seasons.</p> <p>Data collection was supported by Áreas Marinas Protegidas program of the Instituto Antártico Chileno (AMP 24 03 052).</p>
Dataset: Understanding and Detecting Hateful Content using Contrastive Learning
<p> </p> <p>This is the dataset released with the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.08387">paper</a> titled: "<strong>Understanding and Detecting Hateful Content using Contrastive Learning</strong>".</p> <p>We release our dataset in four CSV files. These files contain the textual and visual dataset and the textual and visual ground truth we obtained after our manual annotations. For a detailed description of every <strong><em>column </em></strong>in the CSV structure, along with the type of the <strong><em>value</em></strong>, please read the readme.pdf file provided with this dataset.</p> <p>The images are stored in the zip files. </p> <p>If you find our dataset useful, please cite our paper:</p> <pre><code>@inproceedings{gonzalez2023understanding, title={Understanding and Detecting Hateful Content using Contrastive Learning}, author={Gonz{\'a}lez-Pizarro, Felipe and Zannettou, Savvas}, booktitle={17th International AAAI Conference On Web And Social Media (ICWSM), 2023}, year={2023} } </code></pre> <p>In case of questions, please do not hesitate to contact us: felipegp[at]cs.ubc.ca (<a href="https://gonzalezf.github.io">https://gonzalezf.github.io</a>)</p>
Tomographic datasets for '3d virtual histology of human cerebellum by x-ray phase-contrast tomography'
<p>Tomographic datasets for '3d virtual histology of human cerebellum by x-ray phase-contrast tomography' by M. Töpperwien et al. (PNAS 2018). Reconstructed volumes of both the measurements at the GINIX endstation at PETRAIII (DESY@Hamburg) and the laboratory setup are given. The datasets are saved as .raw in single-precision floating-point format and the size of each dataset is indicated in the filename. Note that in both cases the datasets are those used for the automatic segmentation via the Spherical Hough transform, meaning that for the GINIX dataset the volume was resampled by a factor of 2 and the individual slices were subsequently filtered with a Gaussian with a standard deviation of 0.3 pixels whereas for the laboratory data, the volume was reconstructed at full resolution, followed by a lowpass filtering step.</p> <p>Additionally, the output of the segmentation workflow is given as .dat files, specifying the determined cell positions and radii for both datasets.</p>
Peripheral artery disease: how much inter-leg symmetry? A contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography study
<p>Dataset from the article Secchi F, Di Leo G, Delnevo A, Alì M, D'Angelo ID, Nardella VG, Sardanelli F. Peripheral artery disease: how much inter-leg symmetry? A contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Apr;99(16):e19637. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019637. PMID: 32311934; PMCID: PMC7220080.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>The aim of this observational retrospective study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the symmetry of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoing contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of lower limbs. We retrospectively evaluated the peripheral magnetic resonance angiography of 82 patients considering the iliac, femoral and tibial arteries. Stenosis was scored 0 (none), 1 (<50%), 2 (50%-74%), 3 (75%-99%), and 4 (occluded). Symmetry was quantified as the percentage of bilaterally-diseased arteries and using the inter-leg absolute score difference (0-4). Signs test and Cohen κ were also calculated. Seventy-one (87%) patients had ≥1 bilaterally-diseased artery, and 168 (20%) of 820 artery pairs were bilaterally affected. At least 1 bilateral stenosis was observed from 11% (right internal iliac) to 73% (right superficial femoral). All 10 arteries showed symmetry, none of the inter-leg comparisons being significantly different (P ≥ .100). Cohen κ ranged from 0.208 (common femoral) to 0.533 (internal iliac). This study showed that PAD was symmetrically distributed between the 2 legs, with the internal iliac artery being the most symmetric segment. Symmetry of PAD was quantified in 20%.</p>
Diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation: delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac CT
<p>Dataset from the article Spagnolo P, Giglio M, Di Marco D, Cannaò PM, Agricola E, Della Bella PE, Monti CB, Sardanelli F. Diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation: delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac CT. Eur Radiol. 2021 Mar;31(3):1236-1244. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07172-2. Epub 2020 Sep 4. PMID: 32886202; PMCID: PMC7880950.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current reference standard for diagnosing LAA thrombi is transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), a semi-invasive technique. We aimed to devise an optimal protocol for cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in diagnosing left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), using TEE as reference standard.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred sixty consecutive patients referred for radiofrequency ablation for AF were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent CCT and TEE within 2 hours. The CCT protocol included one standard angiographic phase and three delayed acquisitions at 1-, 3-, and 6-min after contrast injection. Thrombi were defined as persisting defects at 6-min delayed acquisition.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>TEE demonstrated spontaneous contrast in 52 (20%) patients and thrombus in 10 (4%). In 63 patients (24%), CCT demonstrated LAA early filling defects at angiographic phase. Among them, 15 (6%) had a persistent defect at 1-min, 12 (5%) at 3-min, and 10 (4%) at 6-min. All 10 thrombi diagnosed on TEE were correctly identified by delayed CCT, without any false positives. For all phases, sensitivity and negative predictive were 100%. Specificity increased from 79% for the angiographic phase to 100% at 6-min. Positive predictive value increased from 16% to 100%. Estimated radiation exposure was 2.08 ± 0.76 mSv (mean ± standard deviation) for the angiographic phase and 0.45 ± 0.23 mSv for each delayed phase.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A CCT protocol adding a 6-min delayed phase to the angiographic phase can be considered optimized for the diagnosis of LAA thrombi, with a low radiation dose.</p>
Contrasting responses of the Ocean's Oxygen Minimum Zones to artificial re-oxygenation
<p>This directory contain outputs of 3 biogeochemical simulations performed with the NEMO v4.0 and PISCES-v2 models. The simulations have used in a paper to be published in Environmental Research Letters (2023) entitled "Contrasting responses of the Ocean's Oxygen Minimum Zones to artificial re-oxygenation" (Beghoura et al.) that investigates, on a global scale, the potential biogeochemical responses to the artificial addition of dissolved oxygen and the co-evolution of dissolved oxygen in the ocean and anthropogenic oxygen as a passive tracer. It includes simulations with anthropogenic oxygen as a passive tracer and as an additional source of oxygen in the ocean and a control simulation (i.e. without anthropogenic oxygen).</p> <p>Simulations_outputs.tar.gz directory contains NetCDF files with ocean, ocean biogeochemistry and passive tracer concentrations. The data are annual averages over the last year following 100 years of injection and after 2000 years of spin-up of each simulation. </p> <p>Simulation_Input_stations.tar.gz contains the spatial distribution of the stations and the mass flow of anthropogenic oxygen per station in kg/y</p> <p>More informations on input contents can be find within the Methods section of the publication.</p> <p>PISCES_update.tar contains updated routines for the PISCES-offline model (Aumont et al., 2015) that have been used for the publication. </p>
Computation of contrast-enhanced perfusion using only two CT scan phases: a proof-of-concept study on abdominal organs
<p>Cressoni M, Cozzi A, Schiaffino S, Cadringher P, Vitali P, Basso G, Ippolito D, Sardanelli F. Computation of contrast-enhanced perfusion using only two CT scan phases: a proof-of-concept study on abdominal organs. Eur Radiol Exp. 2022 Aug 29;6(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s41747-022-00292-y. PMID: 36031643; PMCID: PMC9420683.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTPI) by repeated scanning has clinical relevance but implies relatively high radiation exposure. We present a method to measure perfusion from two CT scan phases only, considering tissue enhancement, feeding vessel (aortic) peak enhancement, and bolus shape.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>CTPI scans (each with 40 frames acquired every 1.5 s) of 11 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) enrolled between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively analysed (aged 69 ± 9 years, 8/11 males). Perfusion was defined as the maximal slope of the time-enhancement curve divided by the peak enhancement of the feeding vessel (aorta). Perfusion was computed two times, first using the maximum slope derived from all data points and then using the peak tissue enhancement and the bolus shape obtained from the aortic curve.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Perfusion values from the two methods were linearly related (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.92, p < 0.001; Bland-Altman analysis bias -0.12). The mathematical model showed that the perfusion ratio of two ROIs with the same feeding vessel (aorta) corresponds to their peak enhancement ratio (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.55, p < 0.001; Bland-Altman analysis bias -0.68). The relationship between perfusion and tissue enhancement is predicted to be linear in the clinical range of interest, being only function of perfusion, peak feeding vessel enhancement, and bolus shape.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This proof-of-concept study showed that perfusion values of HCC, kidney, and pancreas could be computed using enhancement measured only with two CT scan phases, if aortic peak enhancement and bolus shape are known.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset related to the article "A deep-learning approach for myocardial fibrosis detection in early contrast-enhanced cardiac CT images"
<p>This record contains raw data related to the article "A deep-learning approach for myocardial fibrosis detection in early contrast-enhanced cardiac CT images"</p> <p><strong>Aims:</strong> Diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis is commonly performed with late gadolinium contrast-enhanced (CE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which might be contraindicated or unavailable. Coronary computed tomography (CCT) is emerging as an alternative to CMR. We sought to evaluate whether a deep learning (DL) model could allow identification of myocardial fibrosis from routine early CE-CCT images.</p> <p><strong>Methods and results:</strong> Fifty consecutive patients with known left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (LVD) underwent both CE-CMR and (early and late) CE-CCT. According to the CE-CMR patterns, patients were classified as ischemic (<em>n</em> =&thinsp;15, 30%) or non-ischemic (<em>n</em> =&thinsp;35, 70%) LVD. Delayed enhancement regions were manually traced on late CE-CCT using CE-CMR as reference. On early CE-CCT images, the myocardial sectors were extracted according to AHA 16-segment model and labeled as with scar or not, based on the late CE-CCT manual tracing. A DL model was developed to classify each segment. A total of 44,187 LV segments were analyzed, resulting in accuracy of 71% and area under the ROC curve of 76% (95% CI: 72%−81%), while, with the bull’s eye segmental comparison of CE-CMR and respective early CE-CCT findings, an 89% agreement was achieved.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> DL on early CE-CCT acquisition may allow detection of LV sectors affected with myocardial fibrosis, thus without additional contrast-agent administration or radiational dose. Such tool might reduce the user interaction and visual inspection with benefit in both efforts and time.</p>
Comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting rice genotypes in response to rice stripe virus infection
GEO Series GSE11025. Oryza sativa. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Datasets for 'Fiber orientation in a whole mouse heart reconstructed by laboratory phase-contrast micro-CT'
<p>Tomographic dataset, vectorfield of the myocyte orientation and video for 'Fiber orientation in a whole mouse heart reconstructed by laboratory phase-contrast micro-CT' by M. Reichardt et al.. Reconstructed volume at the laboratory setup is given. The tomographic dataset is saved as .raw in single-precision floating-point format and the size of each dataset is indicated in the filename. The vectorfield is saved as .vtk used for Paraview.</p>
High-resolution gene expression atlases of two contrasting major Greek olive (Olea europaea L.) tree cultivars for oil and table olives production
<p>This dataset contains the supplementary data of the "<strong>High-resolution gene expression atlases of two contrasting major Greek olive (<em>Olea europaea </em>L.) tree cultivars for oil and table olives production</strong><strong>" </strong>research article submitted to the "<strong>Frontiers in Plant Science-Plant Bioinformatics</strong>" journal.</p>
Longer is better - the functional benefit of long tails in limbless lizards: evidence from locomotion through contrasting substrates in a pygopodid legless lizard
<p>Limbless vertebrates display a variety of morphologies, which are often linked to a species’ ecology and locomotion. Pygopodids, limbless gekkotans endemic to the Australo-Papuan region, exemplify a spectrum of ecomorphological variation in relative body-to-tail lengths. <em>D</em><em>elma molleri</em> inhabits grasslands and represents the short-bodied and long-tailed ecomorph. We predicted that its locomotor performance would be enhanced on grass substrates as opposed to structurally simpler substrates. To test this hypothesis, we assessed locomotion of <em>D. molleri </em>through three ecologically relevant substrates. Locomotor performance was significantly faster on the grass substrate over multiple distances. These data provide evidence of a functional performance benefit for limbless lizards with short bodies and long tails in grassy habitats, supports theories that such a morphology may have evolved to suit the occupation of these environments, and provide the first evidence of the functional benefit of long tails for locomotion through grass in a member of the Pygopodidae.</p>
Governance networks around grasslands with contrasting management history
<p>Dataset article Governance networks around grasslands with contrasting management history.</p>
phase-contrast chest radiographs
<p>see <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7030750">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7030750</a></p>
Data from: Insect visual sensitivity in the far-red enhances contrast against vegetation
<p>The wavelength sensitivities of animal photoreceptors strongly influence the visual contrast of objects in the environment, thereby constraining visually-guided behaviors. Outside of the human visual wavelength range, ultraviolet sensitivity in many species provides important and behaviorally relevant visual contrast. However, at the opposite end of the spectrum, the potential benefit of far-red sensitivity remains unclear. We investigated the potential benefit of long wavelength sensitivity by modelling the visual contrast of a wide range of jewel beetle colours against the flowers and leaves of their host plants to hypothetical insect visual systems. We find that the presence of a long wavelength sensitive (LWS) photoreceptor enhances the contrasts of pairwise comparisons between leaves, flowers and beetles. When we varied the wavelength of maximum sensitivity (λ<sub>max</sub>) for the LWS receptor in a tetrachromatic system, contrasts between beetles, flowers and leaves were all enhanced with increasing λ<sub>max</sub> from 580 nm to at least 640 nm. These results show the visual advantage of longer LWS receptors in discrimination against vegetation and highlight the potential adaptive value of long wavelength and far-red sensitivity in insects.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.