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Fig. 5 in Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa

Fig. 5. Map from the study area with the location of the stations where specimens of Asteroschema inornatum Koehler, 1906 were collected during the ten surveys off Northwest Africa.

Fig. 10 in Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa

Fig. 10. Map from the study area with the location of the stations where specimen of Gorgonocephalus pustulatum (H.L. Clark, 1916) was collected during the ten surveys off Northwest Africa.

Fig. 7 in Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa

Fig. 7. Map from the study area with the location of the stations where Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. were collected during the ten surveys off Northwest Africa.

Fig. 2 in Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa

Fig. 2. Map from the study area with the location of the stations where specimens of Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842 were collected during the ten surveys off Northwest Africa.

Dataset for the intervention effects and long-term changes in physical activity and cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk of noncommunicable diseases in South Africa

Dataset used to evaluate the short-term effects of the physical and health KaziKidz intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors and the long-term changes thereof among school-aged children at risk of NCDs from disadvantaged communities in South Africa. It encompasses anonymized, unique, identification numbers, anthropometric and clinical measures, such as blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids, and Actigraphy-measured physical activity levels. Assigned categories to each cardiovascular risk factor and the overall classification as at risk or not is available too.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Landsat-derived rangeland condition indicators in East Africa from 2000 to 2022

Tracking environmental change is important to ensure efficient and sustainable natural resources management. East Africa is dominated by arid and semi-arid rangeland systems, where extensive grazing of livestock represents the primary livelihood for most of the human population. Despite several mapping efforts, East Africa lacks accurate and reliable high-resolution rangeland health maps necessary for management, policy, and research purposes. Earth Observations offer the opportunity to assess spatiotemporal dynamics in rangeland health conditions at much higher spatial and temporal coverage than conventional approaches that rely on in-situ methods, while complimenting their certainty. Using machine learning-based classification and linear unmixing, this paper produced Landsat-based time series at 30 m spatial resolution for mapping of land cover classes (LCC) and vegetation fractional cover (VFC, including photosynthetic vegetation PV, non-photosynthetic vegetation NPV, and bare ground BG), two major data assets to derive metrics for rangeland health in East Africa. Due to scarcity of in-situ measurements in a large, remote and highly heterogeneous landscape, an algorithm was developed to combine very high-resolution WorldView-2 and -3 satellite imagery at < 2 m resolutions with a limited set of ground observations to generate reference labels across the study region. The LCC analysis yielded an overall accuracy of 0.856 using our validation dataset, with Kappa of 0.832; VFC, yielded R2 = 0.801, p < 2.2e-16, normalized root mean squared error (nRMSE) = 0.123. Our products represent the first multi-decadal high-resolution dataset specifically designed for mapping and monitoring rangelands health in East Africa including Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia, covering a total area of 745,840 km2, dominated by arid and semi-arid extensive rangeland systems. These data can be valuable to a wide range of development, humanitarian, and ecological conservation efforts and are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7106166 and Google Earth Engine (GEE; details in data availability section).

Urban Agriculture and Health in Africa. A Review

The Excel table is raw data containing publications from the systematic literature review on urban agriculture's impacts on health and urban planning research. This work was totally funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF#18357) Sinergia Project – African Contribution to Global Health: Circulating Knowledge and Innovations.

Figure 5 in Multiple mitogenomes indicate Things Fall Apart with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses for the phylogeographic evolution

Figure 5. Molecular clades of A. mellifera mapped onto the first two PCA axes of morphometric ACMO space, redrawn afer Fig. 10.8 in Ref.8. Individual bees are identified to subspecies by the numeric color codes, and re-grouped to genetic clades as in Fig. 3, with additional color variants for Sub-Saharan taxa. Ruttner's four groups [African (A), European (C [Continental]), Mellifera (M), and Asian (O [Oriental]] correspond roughly to the four quadrants, clockwise from the upper lef as A, M, C, and O. Ŀe Levantine/Nilotic/Arabian clade overlays the Sub-Saharan clade, including local variants. Ŀe Asia Minor A. m. caucasia clade is distributed along the M → O axis, and is bisected by its Southeast European sister clade A. m. ligustica. Ŀe Afro-European Mediterranean clade overlies all three, as well as the basal A. m. mellifera clade.

Figure 2 in Multiple mitogenomes indicate Things Fall Apart with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses for the phylogeographic evolution

Figure 2. Schematic maximum parsimony analysis of phylogenetic relationships among mtDNA genome sequences of 66 individual A. mellifera honey bees from 22 subspecies. Rooting as indicated by Fig. 1. Numbers above branches are inferred numbers of nucleotide substitutions; numbers in bold below branches are percent support in 3000 bootstrap replicates, with SPR branching swapping. Ŀe tree shown is one of nine minimum length trees that differ only by rearrangements at unresolved nodes. Sequences in the Sub-Saharan clade that make that subspecies paraphyletic are tagged in Roman font, as are two sequences referred to A. m. scutellata that are outside that clade. An additional 12 sequences from the Arabian series that are identical to the four shown are not included. Sequences curated as A. m. mellifera in GenBank15 are re-assigned their proper names in parentheses (J. M. Fuller, pers. comm). Subspecies represented by single sequences are indicated by (*). Named phylogeographic clades discussed in the text are indicated in color. Ŀe complete MP tree with GenBank accession numbers is given in Supplementary Fig. S1, along with those for Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor Joining methods (Supplementary Figs. S2 and S3, respectively).

Figure 6 in Multiple mitogenomes indicate Things Fall Apart with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses for the phylogeographic evolution

Figure 6. Comparison of Boardman et al.11 and Tihelka et al.20 meta-analyses with Fig. 2. Ŀe base phylogram is a Maximum Parsimony analysis calculated as in Fig. 2, with the addition of two problematic sequences mentioned in the text, KY926882 and KY926883, attributed to A. m. syriaca and A. m. intermissa, respectively. Ŀe 17 sequences used by Boardman et al. are marked "B" and the 16 sequences used by Tihelka et al. "T", with the 11 sequences common to both sets "TB". Note the anomalous pairwise placements of two sequences attributed to KY026882 and KY926883 with respect to their nominal sister subspecies (* and *, respectively).

Figure 1 in Multiple mitogenomes indicate Things Fall Apart with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses for the phylogeographic evolution

Figure 1. Maximum Parsimony analysis of phylogenetic relationships among mtDNA genomes sequences of nine species of Apis honey bees. (a) Ŀe tree is rooted with a bumblebee Bombus ignitus as outgroup. A. m. mellifera (KY926884) is the basal-most member of that species and the alignment reference. Numbers above branches are inferred numbers of nucleotide substitutions; numbers in bold below branches are percent support in 3000 bootstrap replicates. Identical branching order and substantially similar bootstrap support are given by Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor Joining methods. (b) As above, with removal of Bombus and addition of key subspecies of A. mellifera (cf. Fig. 2).

Figure 4 in Multiple mitogenomes indicate Things Fall Apart with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses for the phylogeographic evolution

Figure 4. An mtDNA-based molecular clock for within- and among-subspecies divergences of A. mellifera. Sequences are coded as in Fig. 2: only one representative each of A. m. scutellata and A. m. capensis is included (n = 37). Divergence times are calculated from a linearized ML model with A. m. mellifera sequences as the designated outgroup (cf. Supplementary Fig. S2). Ŀe clock is calibrated from the mean linearized nucleotide subs/site distances to each node (Relative Time) at 0.0115 subs/site/Myr (see text for sample calculation). See Supplementary Fig. S4 for the clock of A. mellifera within Apis, with Bombus as the designated outgroup.

Figure 3 in Multiple mitogenomes indicate Things Fall Apart with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses for the phylogeographic evolution

Figure 3. Phylogeographic evolution in context of geographic distribution2 of subspecies of A. mellifera as inferred from mitogenomic data. Numbered symbols indicate five clades described in the text and in Fig. 2. Dark and light green circles indicate respectively subspecies in the Southeast European and Asia Minor clades included within the Eurasian superclade. Blue symbols indicate the Levantine (circles), Nilotic (squares), and Arabian (A. m. jemenitica) (diamonds) clades. Light and dark purple circles indicate independent A. m. simensis and A. m. unicolor lineages, respectively. Light orange symbols indicate subspecies in the Mediterranean clade. Red circles indicate the paraphyletic assemblage of A. m. scutellata and A. m. capensis, including A. m. adansonii (light red) and A. m. monticola (brown). Base map modified from [https://commons. wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BlankMap-World.svg].

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Novel distribution records and molecular data for species of Macrogyrodactylus Malmberg, 1957 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in southern Africa

Fig. 1. Map illustrating the sampling localities of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. A – Zambia; B – South Africa.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Novel distribution records and molecular data for species of Macrogyrodactylus Malmberg, 1957 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in southern Africa

Fig. 2. Micrographs showing the morphological features of Macrogyrodactylus clarii Gussev, 1961 (A–C), M. congolensis (Prudhoe, 1957) (D–F), and M. karibae Douëllou et Chishawa, 1995 (G, H). A, D, G – hamuli complex; B, E, H – sickle of marginal hook; C, F, I – cirrus with spines.

Fig. 22 in Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa

Fig. 22. Cucullanus congolensis sp. n. from Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes). A – anterior end of female, dorsoventral view; B – anterior end of male, lateral view; C – cephalic end of male, apical view; D – tail of female, lateral view; E – deirid; F – tail of male, lateral view; G – posterior end of male, lateral view; H – tail of male, ventral view.

Fig. 14 in Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa

Fig. 14. Gendria sanghaensis sp. n. from Schilbe marmoratus Boulenger, scanning electron micrographs. A, B – cephalic end of male, subapical and apical views (arrow indicates protruding oesophageal tooth); C – row of denticles in mouth, ventral view; D – anterior end of male, ventral view (arrow indicates deirid); E – deirid; F – tail of female, lateral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – two submedian cephalic papillae; c – cephalic vesicle; e – phasmid; f – anus.

Fig. 13 in Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa

Fig. 13. Gendria sanghaensis sp. n. from Schilbe marmoratus Boulenger. A – anterior end of female, sublateral view; B – same, enlarged; C, D – cephalic end of female, lateral and apical views, respectively; E – tail of female, lateral view; F – posterior end of male, lateral view; G – egg; H – vulva, lateral view.

Fig. 25 in Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa

Fig. 25. Dujardinascaris malapteruri (Baylis, 1923) from Malapterurus monsembeensis Roberts, scanning electron micrographs of female. A – cephalic end, apical view; B – inner side of dorsal lip, subterminal view; C – dorsal lip, dorsal view; D – subventral lip, subventral view; E – cephalic end, ventral view; F – detail of body cuticle; G – tail, sublateral view. Abbreviations: b – double labial papilla; c – single labial papilla; d – dorsal lip; i – interlabium; s – subventral lip.

Fig. 11 in Some nematodes from freshwater fishes in central Africa

Fig. 11. Gendria longispiculata sp. n. from Schilbe grenfelli (Boulenger), scanning electron micrographs of male. A – anterior end of body, lateral view; B, C – cephalic end, apical and sublateral views, respectively; D – edge of oral aperture with row of denticles; E – same, enlarged denticles; F – deirid; G – posterior end of male, ventrolateral view; H – anterior portion of body, lateral view (arrow indicates deirid). Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla of outer circle; c – cephalic papilla of inner circle; d – ventral sucker; o – oral aperture; v – cephalic vesicle.