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opennotspecifiedJan 2021View details →

Fig. 2. X in The isolation, structure and fragmentation characteristics of natural truxillic and truxinic acid derivatives in Abrus mollis leaves

Fig. 2. X-ray structure of compound 1, the displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Another molecular compound 1, H2O molecules, CO molecule and Ca atoms are not shown. H atoms are shown as small spheres of arbitrary radii.

opennotspecifiedJan 2021View details →

Fig. 5 in The isolation, structure and fragmentation characteristics of natural truxillic and truxinic acid derivatives in Abrus mollis leaves

Fig. 5. Plausible MS/MS fragment ion structures of truxinate forms (2–4, 8) during the fragmentation process in the positive and negative ion mode. It showed that the main fragmentation pattern of truxinate configurations was complex and asymmetrical.

opennotspecifiedMar 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in Antimalarial and antimicrobial substances isolated from the endophytic actinomycete, Streptomyces aculeolatus MS1-6

Fig. 1. Chemical structures of compounds isolated from the endophytic actinomycete, Streptomyces aculeolatus MS1-6.

Fig. 7 in Alkaloids isolated from Tropaeolum tuberosum with cytotoxic activity and apoptotic capacity in tumour cell lines

Fig. 7. Effects of compounds on the apoptosis of different tumoral cells. Untreated cells as negative reference, with Dimethylenastron (CTK8F1368), as positive reference compound at IC50 = 0.23 μM, with compound 1 at IC50 = 29.06 μM and compound 2 at IC50 = 1.33 μM, for 72 h and were stained with fluorochromes Rho123 (Rhodamine 123) and IP (Propidium Iodide) and evaluated by flow cytometry. p <0.0001 (t Tukey, Two-way ANOVA).

Fig. 5 in Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides

Fig. 5. Molecular docking binding model of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) with 1, its stereoisomer, related derivative and elastase inhibitors, (A) 1R; (B) 1S; (C) rhoipteleanin H; (D) HNE inhibitor GW475151 and (E) HNE inhibitor sivelestat. (Left panel) The ligand (sticks) is positioned according to the best binding interaction with HNE. Green dash lines are representing the hydrogen bonds between ligands and corresponding amino acids of the HNE active site. (Right panel) The main residues contributing to the binding are indicated by the respective amino acids three-letter abbreviations and number. Residues and dash lines in green, classical hydrogen bonding; yellow, carbon-hydrogen bonding; purple, hydrophobic bonding. Blue cloud represents solvent accessibility. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides

Fig. 4. Styphelioidin (1) inhibits the enzymatic activity of human neutrophil elastase in the cell-free system. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was incubated with 1 or DMSO (control) for 15 min. Elastase activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). ***p <0.001 compared with the control (HNE only).

Fig. 2 in Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides

Fig. 2. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of 1. Effect of the pretreatment with 1 (25, 50, and 100 μM) and silymarin (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) on the ALT, AST GSH, SOD, and MDA levels in HepG2 cells challenged with CCl4. Data were expressed as the means ± SEM (n = 3). The experiment was done in triplicate. ***P <0.001; significantly different compared to the CCl -treated group. ##P <0.01 and ###P <0.001; significantly different compared to the normal control 4 group. $$$P <0.001; significantly different compared to the silymarin-treated groups.

Fig. 3 in Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides

Fig. 3. The effects of 1 on degranulation and viability in human neutrophils. (A) 1 inhibits elastase release in fMLF/CB-induced human neutrophils. Human neutrophils were incubated with 1 or DMSO (control) 5 min and stimulated by fMLF in the presence of CB for another 10 min. Elastase release was measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p <0.05; **p <0.01 compared with the control (fMLF/CB only). (B) Human neutrophils were incubated with DMSO or 1 for 15 min. LDH release was expressed as the percentage of enzyme released by treatment compared with control (DMSO). The analysis was performed by using enzyme-associated immunosorbent assay and read at 490 nm. All data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3).

Fig. 3 in Isolation, structure elucidation and neuroprotective effects of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from the roots of Arctium lappa L.

Fig. 3. Effect of compounds(1–9,11–14) on cell viability. (A) Cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of H2O2 on SH-SY5Y cells. (B) 200 μM compounds(1–9,11–14) alone treated had no effect on cell viability. The date were represented as mean ± S.E.M of three independent experiments. ***p <0.001 compared with control.

Fig. 6 in Structural characterization of the Pet c 1.0201 PR-10 protein isolated from roots of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

Fig. 6. Visualization of amino acid residues (yellow) that stabilize dimers and are responsible for IgE binding (red) in A: Api g 1.0101 (template 2BK0); B: Pet c 1.0201 in water; C: Pet c 1.0201 in 0.2 M salt. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Structural characterization of the Pet c 1.0201 PR-10 protein isolated from roots of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

Fig. 5. Evolution of the inter-monomeric distances during the MD simulation with relative dispositions of monomeric units at the beginning (0 ns) and the end (200 ns) of each simulation. A: Api g 1.0101 in water; B: Pet c 1.0201 in water; C: Pet c 1.0201 in 0.2 M NaCl. Relative positions at 0 ns and after 200 ns for respective black and red trajectories are visualized; the blue trajectory shows a breakdown of a dimeric form into monomer units. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Structural characterization of the Pet c 1.0201 PR-10 protein isolated from roots of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

Fig. 1. IEF-PAGE (A) and SDS-PAGE (B) of the Coomassie Brilliant blue stained proteins purified from the Petroselinum crispum roots. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Structural characterization of the Pet c 1.0201 PR-10 protein isolated from roots of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

Fig. 3. Multiple sequence alignment of Pet c 1.021 (C0HKF5) purified from the Petroselinum crispum roots with: A – proteins with the highest sequence identity Api g 2 - P92918 and Dau c 1 - AAL76932. B – PR-proteins previously found in Petroselinum crispum (PR1_PETCR - Q40795, PR2_PETCR - P27538, PR11_PETCR - P19417, PR13_PETCR - P19418), C – ribonuclease 1 (P80889) and ribonuclease 2 (P80890) from Panax ginseng with key amino acid residues implicated in the RNase activity (Chadha and Das, 2006) shown in black boxes.

Fig. 4 in Structural characterization of the Pet c 1.0201 PR-10 protein isolated from roots of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

Fig. 4. Superpositions of optimized tertiary structures of the Pet c 1.0201 3D homology model and the Api g 1.0101 crystal structure (PDB accession 2BK0). A: blue – the template structure of Api g 1, red – the 3D model of Pet c 1.0201, both with annotated secondary structure elements: α – α-helix, β – β-sheet, L – loop, and N- and C-terminals. B: monomers of Api g 1.0101 and C: monomers of Pet c 1.0201 after 200 ns MD simulations. Red indicates the position of Glu45 responsible for IgE binding. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Structural characterization of the Pet c 1.0201 PR-10 protein isolated from roots of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

Fig. 2. Peptide sequences of the Pet c 1.021 protein purified from the Petroselinum crispum roots, where identified tryptic (red types) and chymotryptic (blue types) peptides are highlighted. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Gigantelline, gigantellinine and gigancrinine, cherylline- and crinine-type alkaloids isolated from Crinum jagus with anti-acetylcholinesterase activity

Fig. 3. Experimental ECD spectra of gigantelline (1) (black solid line), gigantellinine (2) (blue dotted line) and cherylline (5) (green dashed line) measured in methanol (ca. 3 mM, 0.1 cm cell). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedJun 2020View details →

Fig. 5 in Study of two isoforms of lipoxygenase by kinetic assays, docking and molecular dynamics of a specialised metabolite isolated from the aerial portion of Lithrea caustica (Anacardiaceae) and its synthetic analogs

Fig. 5. Active site of molecular dynamics between 3-pentadecylcatechol (2) (A), (Z)-3-(pentadec-10′-enyl)-catechol (1) (B), and arachidonic acid with 5-hLOX and fluctuation of catechol distances during simulation time (10 ns).

opennotspecifiedMar 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Collacyclumines A-D from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum salsolae SCSIO 41021 isolated from the mangrove Kandelia candel

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic assignment of C. salsolae SCSIO 41021 inferred from the maximum likelihood analysis of CAL, GAPDH, GS, ITS and TUB2 nucleotide sequences by running RAxML v.7.0.3. The RAxML bootstrap support values (> 50%) are given at the nodes. Scale bar indicates 0.04 expected changes per site. Accession numbers of nucleotide sequences are provided in PHYTO Table S1.

opennotspecifiedMar 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in Collacyclumines A-D from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum salsolae SCSIO 41021 isolated from the mangrove Kandelia candel

Fig. 2. Colony appearance and micromorphology of strain SCSIO 41021. A‒B. colony appearance after 7 days at 25 ̊C (MB medium); C‒E. Conidia; F‒G. appressoria. Bars: 10 μm (C–G).