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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Realistic soil carbon sequestration considering food security and climate change

This dataset contains soil organic carbon stocks as described in Keel et al. Global Change Biology (submitted) Annual soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (t C ha-1, 0-30 cm depth) of Swiss agricultural soils simulated with the model RothC for the years 2020-2100. Simulations were performed for 240 strata (regions with similar agricultural production types, climatic conditions and clay content). The SOC stocks are weighted averages across strata for the national scale.     Each column contains SOC stocks for a specific combination of a climate model chains (nine in total) and an emission scenario (three in total: RCP 26, RCP 45, RCP 85) (specified in column header).  The results include simulated SOC stocks for a baseline scenario and five soil carbon sequestration (SCS) scenarios (cover crops, biochar amendment at two rates, biochar amendment based on biomass from two agroforestry scenarios).  The SCS scenarios were only performed on cropland, therefore there is only a single file for grassland (the baseline scenario).  All simulations (i.e. baseline as well as the five scenarios) account for changes in crop shares and organic matter additions associated with growing food demand as well as climate change.  The scenarios are described in Keel et al. Global Change Biology (submitted) CL_baseline: Baseline scenario for cropland (CL)  GL_baseline: Baseline scenario for permanent grassland (GL) CL_cover_crops: Cover crop scenario for cropland   CL_biochar_I: Biochar I scenario for cropland   CL_biochar_II: Biochar II scenario for cropland   CL_agroforestry_I: Agroforestry I scenario for cropland  CL_agroforestry_II: Agroforestry II scenario for cropland

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Data and Rscripts from: An integrated experimental and mathematical approach to inferring the role of food exploitation and interference interactions in shaping life history

Intraspecific interactions can occur through many ways but the mechanisms can be broadly categorized as food exploitation and interference interactions. Identifying how intraspecific interactions impact life history is crucial to accurately predict how population density and structure influence dynamics. However, disentangling the effects of interference interactions from exploitation using experiments, is challenging for most biological systems. Here we propose an approach that combines experiments with modeling to infer the pathways of intraspecific interactions in a system. First, a consumer-resource model is built without intraspecific interactions. Then, the model is parameterized by fitting it to life-history data from a first experiment in which food abundance was varied. Next, hypothesized scenarios of intraspecific interactions are incorporated into the model which is then used to predict life histories with increasing competitor density. Lastly, model predictions are compared against data from a second experiment which raised groups of competitors of different densities. This comparison allows us to infer the role of interference and exploitation in shaping life history. We demonstrated the approach using the smaller tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai across a range of temperature. We investigated five scenarios of interactions that included exploitation and three pathways for interference through some effects either on energetics to represent changes in ingestion or activity, or on mortality to model deadly interactions, or on mortality and ingestion to model cannibalism. Overall, intraspecific interactions in tea tortrix are best explained by a high level of deadly interactions along with some level of interference that acts on energy such as escaping and blocking access to food. Deadly interactions increase with temperature while interference that acts on energy is strongest close to the optimal temperature for reproduction. Interestingly, exploitation is more important than interference at low competitor density. The combination of mathematical modeling and experimentation allowed us to mechanistically characterize the intraspecific interactions in tea tortrix in a way that is readily incorporated into population-level mathematical models. The primary value of this approach, however, is that it can be applied to a much wider range of taxa than is possible with pure experimental approaches.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in The Relationship Between Fish Length And Otolith Size And Weight Of The Australian Anchovy, Engraulis Australis (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae), Retrieved From The Food Of The Australasian Gannet, Morus Serrator (Suliformes, Sulidae), Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Fig. 3. Fish total length relationship with: A — otolith length; B — otolith width; C — otolith weight.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 2. A in The Relationship Between Fish Length And Otolith Size And Weight Of The Australian Anchovy, Engraulis Australis (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae), Retrieved From The Food Of The Australasian Gannet, Morus Serrator (Suliformes, Sulidae), Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Fig. 2. A, Engraulis australis, 138 mm TL; B, Otolith of Engraulis australis, 135 mm TL showing otolith sizes, length (OL) and width (OW).

Fig. 4 in The Viability of Haemonchus Contortus (Nematoda, Strongylida) and Strongyloides Papillosus (Nematoda, Rhabditida) Larvae Exposed to Various Flavourings and Source Materials Used in Food Production

Fig. 4. The effect of alcohol flavourings and their compounds on the viability of larvae of nematodes of Ruminantia: а — β-Ionone, b — Citronellol, с — Acetoin; for explanations see fig. 1.

Fig. 2 in The Viability of Haemonchus Contortus (Nematoda, Strongylida) and Strongyloides Papillosus (Nematoda, Rhabditida) Larvae Exposed to Various Flavourings and Source Materials Used in Food Production

Fig. 2. The effect of acetate flavourings upon the viability of larvae of nematodes of Ruminantia: а — Ethyl acetate, b — Benzyl acetate; for explanations see fig. 1.

Fig. 3 in The Viability of Haemonchus Contortus (Nematoda, Strongylida) and Strongyloides Papillosus (Nematoda, Rhabditida) Larvae Exposed to Various Flavourings and Source Materials Used in Food Production

Fig. 3. The effect of alcohol flavourings and their compounds on the viability of larvae of nematodes of Ruminantia: а — α-Terpineol, b — Benzyl alcohol, с — Citral, d — L-Linalool; for explanations see fig. 1.

Fig. 1 in The Viability of Haemonchus Contortus (Nematoda, Strongylida) and Strongyloides Papillosus (Nematoda, Rhabditida) Larvae Exposed to Various Flavourings and Source Materials Used in Food Production

Fig. 1. The effect of aldehyde flavourings on the viability of larvae of nematodes of Ruminantia: а — p-Anisaldehyde; b — Benzaldehyde; с — γ-Undecalactone; d — Cinnamaldehyde; the ordinate axis indicates the percentage of living nematode larvae in 24-hour experiment; the abscissa axis indicates the concentration of the active substance (%); (К) control, where the concentration of the active substance is 0 %; (L3) infective larvae of S. papillosusor H. contortus; (L1, L2) non-infective larvae of S. papillosus; small square in the centre corresponds to the median, lower and upper edge of the large rectangle corresponds to first and third quartiles, respectively, the vertical segments, directed upward and downward from the rectangles, correspond to minimum and maximum values (n = 8).

Fig. 5 in The Viability of Haemonchus Contortus (Nematoda, Strongylida) and Strongyloides Papillosus (Nematoda, Rhabditida) Larvae Exposed to Various Flavourings and Source Materials Used in Food Production

Fig. 5. The effect of D-limonene on the viability of larvae of nematodes of Ruminantia: for explanations see fig. 1.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Food Habits Of The Endemic Long Legged Wood Frog, Rana Pseudodalmatina (Amphibia, Ranidae) In Northern Iran

Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Rana pseudodlmatina (Eiselt & Schmidtler, 1971) samples from Iran. For identification localities numbers, refer to table 1.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Food deprivation exposes sex-specific trade-offs between stress tolerance and lifespan in the copepod Tigriopus californicus

Long life is standardly assumed to be associated with high stress tolerance. Previous work shows that the copepod Tigriopus californicus breaks this rule, with longer lifespan under benign conditions found in males, the sex with lower stress tolerance. Here we extended this previous work, raising animals from the same families in food-replete conditions until adulthood and then transferring them to food-limited conditions until all animals perished. As in previous work, survivorship under food-replete conditions favored males. However, under food deprivation lifespan strongly favored females in all crosses. Compared to benign conditions, average lifespan under nutritional stress was reduced by 47% in males but only 32% in females. Further, the sex-specific mitonuclear effects previously found under benign conditions were erased under food limited conditions. Results thus demonstrate that sex-specific lifespan, including mitonuclear interactions, are highly dependent on nutritional environment.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Availability and trends in sports foods available for sale at New Zealand supermarketsy of sports foods globally and in New Zealand supermarkets

Sports foods are specially formulated to help people achieve specific nutritional or sporting performance goals. Anecdotal evidence suggests increasing availability and marketing of such products to consumers, however, very few studies have looked at in-store product availability.  Data for 2013 to 2018 were collected from the Nutritrack database, an online searchable database of all unique packaged foods and beverages sold at four main supermarket chains in New Zealand. Availability of sports foods and on-pack marketing techniques were assessed in 2018 using descriptive analysis, and changes in proportions over time were assessed using Chi-Square analyses. In 2018, the proportion of packaged foods available in major New Zealand supermarkets which were classified as sports foods was 2.1% (n=325), which had increased from 1.8% (n=247) in 2013. Sports foods also appeared in more food groups and subcategories in 2018 compared with 2013 (11 vs. 6 food groups, and 25 vs. 19 subcategories, respectively). The use of on-pack marketing techniques also increased over time, with Nutrient Claims present on 87% of sports foods in 2013 and 98% in 2018. The implications of the increase in product availability and on-pack marketing of sports foods in New Zealand supermarkets warrants consideration from public health, sporting, and consumer sectors. Sports foods are specially formulated to help people achieve specific nutritional or sporting performance goals. Anecdotal evidence suggests increasing availability and marketing of such products to consumers, however, very few studies have looked at in-store product availability.  Data for 2013 to 2018 were collected from the Nutritrack database, an online searchable database of all unique packaged foods and beverages sold at four main supermarket chains in New Zealand. Availability of sports foods and on-pack marketing techniques were assessed in 2018 using descriptive analysis, and changes in proportions over time were assessed using Chi-Square analyses. In 2018, the proportion of packaged foods available in major New Zealand supermarkets which were classified as sports foods was 2.1% (n=325), which had increased from 1.8% (n=247) in 2013. Sports foods also appeared in more food groups and subcategories in 2018 compared with 2013 (11 vs. 6 food groups, and 25 vs. 19 subcategories, respectively). Use of on-pack marketing techniques also increased over time, with Nutrient Claims present on 87% of sports foods in 2013 and 98% in 2018. The implications of the increase in product availability and on-pack marketing of sports foods in New Zealand supermarkets warrants consideration from public health, sporting, and consumer sectors.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Stable Isotope Mixing Models Demonstrate the Role of an Invasive Plant in Wetland Songbirds Food Webs

We used analysis of natural abundance stable isotopes of 13C and 15N in song sparrow blood, invertebrate food sources, L. latifolium seeds, and other marsh plant seeds to inform Bayesian, concentration-dependent mixing models that predicted average song sparrow diets. Data presented are the csv files and R markdown code for the isotope analysis.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Accompanying material for Article: No cash, no food. Gendered reorganization of livelihoods and food security in Cambodia

Results of the two questionnaire-base surveys carried on in 2016 and 2019 on rural livelihoods in Cambodia

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Food Inflation and Child Health

Data Repository for   Woldemichael, A., Kidane, D., and Shimeles, A. 2022. Food Inflation and Child Health. World Bank Economic Review. https://doi.org10.1093/wber/lhac009

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Ecological data for: Subsidy accessibility drives asymmetric food web responses

Global change is fundamentally altering flows of natural and anthropogenic subsidies across space and time. After a pointed call for research on subsidies in the 1990s, an industry of empirical work has documented the ubiquitous role subsidies play in ecosystem structure, stability and function. Here, we argue that physical constraints (e.g., water temperature) and species traits can govern a species' accessibility to resource subsidies, which has been largely overlooked in the subsidy literature. We examined the input of a high quality, point-source anthropogenic subsidy (aquaculture feed) into a recipient freshwater lake food web. By using a combined bio-tracer approach, we detect a gradient in accessibility of the anthropogenic subsidy within the surrounding food web driven by the thermal preferences of three constituent species, effectively rewiring the recipient lake food web. Since aquaculture is predicted to increase significantly in coming decades to support growing human populations, and global change is altering temperature regimes, then this form of food web alteration may be expected to occur frequently. We argue that subsidy accessibility is a key characteristic of recipient food web interactions that must be considered when trying to understand the impacts of subsidies on ecosystem stability and function under continued global change.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

KPIs to measure the impact of Food loss and Waste prevention strategies

These data correspond to the process of KPIs definition to measure the impact of Food Loss and Waste prevention strategies in FOODRUS. Both the initial long list of KPIs that started the process, and the results of 3 different surveys delivered to experts and stakeholders are included here.

opencc-by-3.0-usJun 2022View details →

Reanalysis accounting for clustering and nesting overturns conclusions in: "Watching TV Cooking Programs: Effects on Actual Food Intake Among Children"

Stata code to reproduce results from Folkvord F, Anschütz D, Geurts M. Watching TV cooking programs: effects on actual food intake among children. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2020;52(1):3-9.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Code: A model of wild bee populations accounting for spatial heterogeneity and climate induced temporal variability of food resources at the landscape level

The viability of wild bee populations and the pollination services that they provide are driven by the availability of food resources during their activity period and within the surroundings of their nesting sites. Changes in climate and land use influence the availability of these resources and are major threats to declining bee populations. Because wild bees may be vulnerable to interactions between these threats, spatially explicit models of population dynamics that capture how bee populations jointly respond to land use at a landscape scale and weather are needed. Here, we developed a spatially and temporally explicit theoretical model of wild bee populations aiming for a middle ground between the existing mapping of visitation rates using foraging equations and more refined agent-based modelling. The model is developed for Bombus sp. and captures within-season colony dynamics. The model describes mechanistically foraging at the colony level and temporal population dynamics for an average colony at the landscape level. Stages in population dynamics are temperature-dependent triggered with a theoretical generalized seasonal progression, which can be informed by growing degree days (GDD). The purpose of the LandscapePhenoBee model is to evaluate the impact of systematic changes and within-season variability in resources on bee population sizes and crop visitation rates. In a simulation study, we used the model to evaluate the impact of the shortage of food resources in the landscape arising from extreme drought events in different types of landscapes (ranging from different proportions of semi-natural habitats and early and late flowering crops) on bumblebee populations.