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259 results for “synapomorphies”
Figure 12. Data from Table 1 in The 'twins' and the 'bachelor', new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 12. Data from Table 1 mapped on taxonomic diagrams of the subfamily Cholevinae. A, the 'traditional' division of the Cholevinae (based on Newton, 1998). B, phylogenetic analysis of the Cholevinae [based on Antunes-Carvalho et al. (2019: fig. 25) – in our figure we represent non-monophyletic taxa with a double line connection]. Taxa without an assigned symbol were not studied here. 'Anemadini' as a taxon is not represented in (B), because it was considered non-monophyletic in that study; however, its subtribes are represented. The black squares denote taxa where the features studied here were observed – 'T' denotes presence of 'twin spines' and 'B' denotes presence of a 'bachelor seta'; the open squares with a 'X' denote taxa where the features studied were not observed in the specimens analysed.
Figure 4 in The 'twins' and the 'bachelor', new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 4. Mesotarsus, Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini. A, B, Amplexella dimorpha. C, D, Ptomaphaminus chapmani. A, C, ventro-lateral-internal view. B, D, ventro-lateral-external view. tI-tV = first to fifth tarsomeres; bs = 'bachelor seta'; tw = 'twin spines'; arrow = pair of setae at the apical margin of mesotarsomere IV; stars = periapical spines of the apical crown of spines.
Figure 3 in The 'twins' and the 'bachelor', new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 3. Meso- and metatarsus, Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini - Adelopsis leo. A, B, mesotarsus (part). C, D, metarsus (part). A, C, ventro-lateral-internal view. B, D, ventro-lateral-external view. tI-tV = first to fifth tarsomeres; bs = 'bachelor seta'; tw = 'twin spines'; circle = pointy apices of 'twin spines' facing opposite to each other; arrow = pair of setae at the apical margin of mesotarsomere IV; ellipse shows that the 'twin spines' are articulated to a single elevation on the integument.
Figure 7 in The 'twins' and the 'bachelor', new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 7. Mesotarsus, Cholevinae: Anemadini. A-C, Eunemadina. A, B, Dissochaetus vanini. C, Eunemadus chilensis. D, Nemadina – Nemadus colonoides, female. A, C, D, ventro-lateral-internal view. B, ventro-lateral-external view. tI-tV = first to fifth tarsomeres; tw = 'twin spines'.
Data from: Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae)
The relationships of the unusual salticid spider Depreissia from central Africa and Borneo have been difficult to resolve, obscured by its highly modified ant-like body. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene 28S strongly supports its placement outside the major clade Salticinae and within the clade of cocalodines, spartaeines and lapsiines, with weaker support for a relationship with the cocalodines in particular. Excluding the genus from the Salticinae is supported also by the presence of a median apophysis on the male palp, and by the lack of a cymbial apical groove cradling the tip of embolus, which is newly presented here as a synapomorphy of Hisponinae plus Salticinae.
Figure 29 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 29. Caudal sculpturing of Platicrista nivea sp. nov. (paratypes, PCM). Scale bars: 20 μm.
Fig. 15 in The new spider genus Palindroma, featuring a novel synapomorphy for the Zodariidae (Araneae)
Fig. 15. Palindroma sinis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, ♂. A. Palp, prolateral view. B. Idem, retrolateral view. C. Idem, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figures 8-13 from: Maddison WP, Maddison DR, Zhang J, Szűts T (2016) Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 549: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.549.6171
Figures 8-13 - Male palps to show absence (8–10) or presence (11–13) of the cymbial apical groove (a depression in the cymbium that cradles the tip of the embolus, marked with an arrow) 8 Lyssomanes taczanowskii Galiano, 1980 9 Cocalodes papuanus Simon, 1900 10 Depreissia myrmex Lessert, 1942 11 Tomocyrba ubicki Szűts & Scharff, 2009 12 Hispo sulcata Wanless, 1981 13 Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845). Triangle marks base of median apophysis (ma).
Figures 2-7 from: Maddison WP, Maddison DR, Zhang J, Szűts T (2016) Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 549: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.549.6171
Figures 2-7 - Male palp of Depreissia myrmex 2 Cleared palp, ventral view. 3 Retrolateral view 4 Dorsal view 5 Ventral view, highlighting the path of spermaphore (yellow) and embolus (black) 6 Left palp, prolateral view 7 Right palp, prolateral view. Abbreviations: e' = origin of embolus; e'' = end of embolus; ma = median apophysis; s = spermophore; t = tegulum. Triangle marks base of median apophysis.
Figure 1 from: Maddison WP, Maddison DR, Zhang J, Szűts T (2016) Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 549: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.549.6171
Figure 1 - Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree from 28S sequences, constrained as described in text. Branches labelled by bootstrap percentages from 500 replicates, with selected branches also showing (after "/") bootstrap percentages for analysis with Eupoa and Agorius removed. Branch length of Agorius abridged to 50% of its actual length. Voucher specimen codes appended in brackets. Cocalodine, spartaeine and lapsiine lineages are colored as in Maddison et al. (2014). Stars mark clades constrained except for the freedom of Depreissia and Agorius.
Data from: Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae)
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FIGURES 1–4. Figures 1, 2 in Notes on the diatom collection of the Natural History Museum, London (BM) IX: Campylodiscus hardmanianus, with a discussion on synapomorphy and the poverty of molecular monophyly
FIGURES 1–4. Figures 1, 2: Reproduction of Campylodiscus hardmanianus Grev. ex Deby, Figure 1 from Deby (1891: 680-9), Figure 2 from Deby (1891: pl. 15, fig. 78). Figures 3, 4: Greville's (unpublished) hand-written description of Campylodiscus hardmanianus.
Figure 30 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 30. Detailed morphology of Platicrista nivea sp. nov. (PCM): A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in toto (paratype); B, claws II (holotype). Scale bars are in micrometres.
Figure 2 in New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Figure 2. Ventral view of hands showing the comparative size of discs on fingers I and II in frogs of the superfamily Brachycephaloidea. A, Yunganastes mercedesae (Lynch & McDiarmid, 1987) (UTA 53291). B, Tachiramantis douglasi (Lynch, 1996) (ICN 15405). C, Craugastor spatulatus (Smith, 1939) (KU 137466). D, Craugastor aurilegulus (Savage et al., 1988) (KU 209010). E, Niceforonia dolops (Lynch & Duellman, 1980) (KU 165868). F, Strabomantis anomalus (Boulenger, 1898) (KU 177631). The shaded areas represent fingers I and II. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Figure 5 in New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Figure 5. Optimization of the relative size of disc on finger I in Pristimantis and related groups. The phylogenetic hypothesis for Pristimantis is that of Padial et al. (2014). Species groups were collapsed, but complete distribution of character states is shown in Table 1. Character numbers are given beneath the square, with primitive-derived character states inside the square (see text and Table 1 for character definitions). Colour-coding: red = untransformed, homoplastic.
Figure 11. Mesotarsus. A-F, Camiarinae. I-L, Leiodinae. A, B in The 'twins' and the 'bachelor', new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 11. Mesotarsus. A-F, Camiarinae. I-L, Leiodinae. A, B, Agyrtodini – Dictydiella turneri. C, D, Camiarini – Baeosilpha rufescens. E, F, Neopelatopini – Catopsolius laevicollis. G, H, Coloninae – Colon (Mesagyrtes) hirtale. I, J, Estadiini – Dietta sp. K, L, Pseudoliodini – Pseudcolenis grandis. A, C, E, G, I, K, ventro-lateral-internal view; B, D, F, H, J, L, ventro-lateralexternal view. tI-tIII = first to third tarsomeres.
Figure 10. Mesotarsus, Cholevinae. A-H, Leptodirini. A, B in The 'twins' and the 'bachelor', new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 10. Mesotarsus, Cholevinae. A-H, Leptodirini. A, B, Bathysciotina – Bathysciotes khevenhuelleri tergestinus. C, D, Leptodirina – Leptodirus hochenwarti. E, F, Platycholeina – Platycholeus opacellus. G, H, Pholeuina – Diaprysius serullazi. I, J, Sciaphyini – Sciaphyes sibiricus. A, C, E, G, I, ventro-lateral-internal view. B, D, F, H, J, ventro-lateral-external view. tI-tIII = first to third tarsomeres.
Figure 6 in The 'twins' and the 'bachelor', new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 6. Mesotarsus, Cholevinae: Eucatopini. A, Eucatops sp. B, C, Eucatops (Napocatops) giganteus. A, B, ventro-lateralinternal view. C, ventro-lateral-external view. tI-tIV = first to fourth tarsomeres; tw = 'twin spines' (the one marked with? might represent a twin spine, although being a single spine – see text); stars = periapical spines of the apical crown of spines.
Figure 5 in The 'twins' and the 'bachelor', new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 5. Mesotarsus, Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini. A, B, Ptomaphagus (Adelops) brevior. C, D, Ptomaphagus (s.s.) divaricatus, right leg, mirrored image. E, Ptomaphagus (Appadelopsis) cumberlandus. A, C, E, ventro-lateral-internal view. B, D, ventrolateral-external view. tI-tIV = first to fourth tarsomeres; bs = 'bachelor seta'; tw = 'twin spines'.
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