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DeLiAn – a growing collection of depolarization ratio, lidar ratio and Ångström exponent for different aerosol types and mixtures from ground-based lidar observations
<p>DeLiAn is a collection of lidar-derived aerosol intensive optical properties for several aerosol types. The intensive parameters are the particle linear depolarization ratio, the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) and the Ångström exponent. The data collection is based on globally distributed, long-term, ground-based, multiwavelength, Raman and polarisation lidar measurements.</p> <p>DeLiAn is available in two data formats: NetCDF and excel workbook. The intensive optical properties are presented at the typical lidar wavelengths, 355, 532 and 1064 nm, for 13 aerosol categories in total. The variables included in the datafiles are listed below. For each variable, a full description is provided in the long_name attribute (applicable for the netCDF file only). The same information is provided in the first excel sheet (“List of variables”).</p> <ul> <li> ScienceData <ul> <li>angstrom_exponent_backscatter_355_532</li> <li>angstrom_exponent_backscatter_532_1064</li> <li>angstrom_exponent_extinction_355_532</li> <li>campaign_rv</li> <li>date</li> <li>error_angstrom_exponent_backscatter_355_532</li> <li>error_angstrom_exponent_backscatter_532_1064</li> <li>error_angstrom_exponent_extinction_355_532</li> <li>error_lidar_ratio_355</li> <li>error_lidar_ratio_532</li> <li>error_particle_linear_depolarization_ratio_355</li> <li>error_particle_linear_depolarization_ratio_532</li> <li>lidar_ratio_355</li> <li>lidar_ratio_532</li> <li>location</li> <li>measurement_type</li> <li>number_samples</li> <li>particle_linear_depolarization_ratio_355</li> <li>particle_linear_depolarization_ratio_532</li> <li>reference</li> <li>system</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>For any further information or expression of interest with respect to DeLiAn, please contact Athena Augusta Floutsi (<a href="mailto:floutsi@tropos.de">floutsi@tropos.de</a>) and/or Holger Baars (baars@tropos.de).</p>
Centripetal migration in Drosophila ovary II: wild type timelapse & milestone duration
<p>Part of data supporting Figs 1,3,S2 of “Two phases for centripetal migration of Drosophila melanogaster follicle cells: initial ingression followed by epithelial migration”</p> <p>DOI: 10.1242/dev.200492</p> <p><strong>Data files descriptions:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>“10.25.17 – ShgGFP 40x-timelapse” 6.4 GB</strong></li> </ul> <p> shg-GFP marker timelapse image data used for milestone duration </p> <ul> <li><strong>“fixed samples with DAPI” 473.5 MB</strong></li> </ul> <p> Fixed sample image data</p> <ul> <li><strong>“Full Cell Behaviors & Timing Analysis” 10 KB</strong></li> </ul> <p> Quantitation of intervals between landmarks and total time elapsed</p> <ul> <li><strong>“Landmarks pre-analysis” 8 KB</strong></li> </ul> <p> Candidate morphological landmarks and ordering</p> <ul> <li><strong>“GR1-tdEOS analysis” 3 KB</strong></li> </ul> <p> Evaluation of samples from Vkg-GFP GR! tdEOS data</p> <ul> <li><strong>“Vkg-GFP GR1-tdEOS timelapse” 11.43 GB</strong></li> </ul> <p> timelapse image data</p> <ul> <li><strong>“Vkg-GFP GR1-Tomato timelapse” 12.9 GB</strong></li> </ul> <p> timelapse image data</p>
Urban flask measurements of CO2ff and CO to identify emission sources at different site types in Auckland, New Zealand
<p>As part of the CarbonWatch-NZ research programme, air samples were collected at 28 sites around Auckland, New Zealand to determine the atmospheric ratio (R<sub>CO</sub>) of excess (local enhancement over background) carbon monoxide to fossil CO<sub>2</sub> (CO<sub>2</sub>ff). Sites were categorised into seven types (background, forest, industrial, suburban, urban, downwind, and motorway) to observe R<sub>CO</sub> around Auckland. Flasks from motorway sites observed R<sub>CO</sub> of 14 ± 1 ppb/ppm and were used to evaluate traffic R<sub>CO</sub>. The similarity between suburban (14 ± 1 ppb/ppm) and traffic R<sub>CO</sub> suggests that traffic dominates suburban CO<sub>2</sub>ff emissions during daytime hours, the period of flask collection. The lower urban R<sub>CO</sub> (11 ± 1 ppb/ppm) suggests that urban CO<sub>2</sub>ff emissions are comprised of more than just traffic, with contributions from residential, commercial, and industrial sources, all with a lower R<sub>CO</sub> than traffic. Finally, the downwind sites were believed to best represent R<sub>CO</sub> for Auckland City overall (11 ± 1 ppb/ppm). We demonstrate that the initial discrepancy between the downwind R<sub>CO</sub> and Auckland's estimated daytime inventory R<sub>CO</sub> (15 ppb/ppm) can be attributed to an overestimation in inventory traffic CO emissions. After revision based on our observed motorway R<sub>CO</sub>, the revised inventory R<sub>CO</sub> (12 ppb/ppm) is consistent with our observations. </p>
Survey data of an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the sustainability of different types of urban agriculture
<p>In this dataset we present core data of an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of urban agriculture. The multi-criteria analysis is conducted by an Analytic Hierarchy Process and a participatory approach. The data integrate the selection and weighting of sub-criteria based on two online surveys:</p> <p>1) Survey 1: The selection of suitable sub-criteria for assessing the sustainability of urban agriculture was done by European scientific experts.</p> <p>2) Survey 2: The weighting of the selected sub-criteria was done on the example of vertical farming and community supported agriculture. Therefore, we involved stakeholders representing key actors for the implementation of urban agriculture: city administrations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) of ten German case study cities, practitioners and technical-scientific experts.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>List of data and content</strong></p> <p>1) Survey_1 (*.zip):</p> <ul> <li>Survey_1_Criteria_Selection_English: Online survey in English (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_1_Information_Sub-criteria_English: Information about the sub-criteria provided in the survey (in English) (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_1_Groups: Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests and Kruscal-Wallis) to detect group-specific differences (e.g. gender, different length or degree of experience with urban agriculture, scientific focus, target group, expertise); the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 (*.xlsx)</li> </ul> <p>2) Survey_2 (*.zip):</p> <ul> <li>Survey_2_AHP_City_Administrations_German: Online survey for city administrations in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_AHP_Practitioners_German: Online survey for practitioners and technical-scientific experts in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_AHP_NGOs_German: Online survey for NGOs in German (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_Information_Sub-Criteria_German: Information about the sub-criteria provided in the survey (in German) (*.pdf)</li> <li>Survey_2_Groups: Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests and Kruscal-Wallis) to detect group-specific differences (e.g. gender, different length or degree of experience with urban agriculture, scientific focus, target group, expertise); the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 (*.xlsx)</li> <li>rdata_CA_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-28: Results of the survey for city administrations (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_NGO_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-40: Results of the survey for NGOs (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_PE_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_10-41: Results of the survey for practitioners and technical-scientific experts (*.csv)</li> <li>rdata_all_AHP_edible_Cities_2022-03-18_09-53: Total results of the survey</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data acquisition and processing</strong></p> <p>The methods are described in this linked publication:</p> <p><span>John, H., & Artmann, M. (2024). Introducing an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the sustainability of different types of urban agriculture. </span><span>I<em>nternational Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, </em></span>16 (1), 35-52<em><span>. </span></em><span>doi:<em> </em>10.1080/19463138.2024.2317795</span></p> <p>The methodology of the performed analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is published in a separate repository on GitHub including a paper that systematically explains the AHP by means of code examples, starting with the raw data, through their adaptation to the software functions of the ahpsurvey R-package, and finally, execution of the AHP up to the visualization of the results.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>The authors thank Mabel Killinger and Marie Herzig for their help in stakeholder identification as well as all experts and stakeholders for their participation in the two online surveys and their helpful comments. Data processing and analysis by means of an Analytic Hierarchy Process in R would not have been possible without the help of Björn Kasper.</p>
Estimating global GPP from the plant functional type perspective using a machine learning approach
<p><span>The long-term monitoring of gross primary production (GPP) is crucial to the assessment of the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, a well-known machine learning model (Random Forest, RF) is established to reconstruct the global GPP dataset named ECGC_GPP. The model distinguished nine functional plant types, including C3 and C4 crops, using eddy fluxes, meteorological variables, and leaf area index as training data of the RF model. Based on ERA5_Land and the corrected GEOV2 data, the global monthly GPP dataset at a 0.05-degree resolution from 1999 to 2019 was estimated. The results showed that the RF model could explain 74.81% of the monthly variation of GPP in the testing dataset, of which the average contribution of Leaf Area Index (LAI) reached 41.73%. The average annual and standard deviation of GPP during 1999–2019 were 117.14 ± 1.51 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup>, with an upward trend of 0.21 Pg C yr<sup>-2</sup> (<em>p</em> < 0.01). By using the plant functional type classification, the underestimation of cropland is improved. Therefore, ECGC_GPP provides reasonable global spatial patterns and long-term trends of annual GPP.</span></p>
Effect of different types of sequence data on palaeognath phylogeny
<div class="page"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>Palaeognathae consists of five groups of extant species: flighted tinamous (1) and four flightless groups: kiwi (2), cassowaries and emu (3), rheas (4), and ostriches (5). Molecular studies supported the groupings of extinct moas with tinamous and ele- phant birds with kiwi as well as ostriches as the group that diverged first among the five groups. However, phylogenetic re- lationships among the five groups are still controversial. Previous studies showed extensive heterogeneity in estimated gene tree topologies from conserved nonexonic elements, introns, and ultraconserved elements. Using the noncoding loci to- gether with protein-coding loci, this study investigated the factors that affected gene tree estimation error and the relation- ships among the five groups. Using closely related ostrich rather than distantly related chicken as the outgroup, concatenated and gene tree–based approaches supported rheas as the group that diverged first among groups (1)–(4). Whereas gene tree estimation error increased using loci with low sequence divergence and short length, topological bias in estimated trees oc- curred using loci with high sequence divergence and/or nucleotide composition bias and heterogeneity, which more occurred in trees estimated from coding loci than noncoding loci. Regarding the relationships of (1)–(4), the site patterns by parsimony criterion appeared less susceptible to the bias than tree construction assuming stationary time-homogeneous model and sug- gested the clustering of kiwi and cassowaries and emu the most likely with ∼40% support rather than the clustering of kiwi and rheas and that of kiwi and tinamous with 30% support each.</p> </div> </div> </div>
Data from: Bat activity is related to habitat type and structure in managed pine barrens in New England
<p><strong>Background. </strong>Several insectivorous bat species are found in New England, yet research on them is still scarce. Current research shows the ecological importance of bats due to their control of insect populations, but they are endangered by habitat loss and White Nose Syndrome, among other threats. Pine barrens are an uncommon ecosystem found in New England that supports other rare taxa and could be important for these bat species.</p> <p><strong>Methods. </strong>With hand-held audio recorders, we surveyed for bats in Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area in Massachusetts and Concord Pine Barrens in New Hampshire in June 2022. Our study objectives were to 1) describe the most common bat species and 2) compare bat activity across different habitat types at two managed pine barrens in New England. In particular, we examined bat activity related to habitat type (scrub oak, mature pitch pine, treated pitch pine, hardwood forest), habitat structure (i.e., canopy closure), and time since prescribed fire. We analyzed our data through linear mixed effects modeling and Fisher’s exact tests.</p> <p><strong>Results. </strong>Overall, we were able to measure the presence of five out of the nine total species found in the area, including the endangered <em>Myotis lucifugus</em> (little brown bat). We recorded 293 bat calls, with the majority of calls from big brown bats (71%). We found significant differences (P < 0.05) in bat activity in relation to habitat types and structure. The index of bat activity was greatest in pitch pine and hardwood forests and lowest in scrub oak and treated pitch pine habitats. With preliminary data, we also found that there was more bat activity in areas that had not been burned recently.</p> <p><strong>Discussion.</strong> These findings demonstrate the importance of pine barrens as an ecosystem that supports bats in New England. According to the activity of bats in our study, closed canopy and mature pitch pine habitats may be prioritized in conservation efforts at managed barrens for bat species. Further research is recommended to better understand the relationship between prescribed fires, which are common in managed barrens, and bat activity.</p>
Effects of the oral angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist C21 in Sugen-hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension in rats
<p><span><span>Substantial evidence supports involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in pulmonary hypertension (PH), and the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT<sub>2</sub>R) is known to exert tissue-protective actions. The effect of the selective AT<sub>2</sub>R agonist C21 (also known as Compound 21 or buloxibutid) was evaluated in the rat Sugen-hypoxia PH model. After a single injection of Sugen 5416 and hypoxia for 21 days, </span><span>C21</span><span> (2 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered perorally twice daily from Day 21 to Day 55. On Day 56, hemodynamic assessments were performed, and lung and heart tissue were prepared for quantification of cardiac and vascular remodeling and fibrosis. Treatment with C21 20 mg/kg improved cardiac output and stroke volume and decreased right ventricular hypertrophy (all p<0.05). Treatment with C21 2 mg/kg significantly decreased vessel wall and muscular layer thickness and increased the luminal opening in vessels >100 </span><span>μ</span><span>m (all p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two C21 doses on any parameter, and <em>post hoc</em> analyses </span><span>comparing the merged C21 groups with the vehicle group showed that C21 treatment reduced vascular remodeling (reduced endothelial proliferation and thickening of the vascular wall) in vessels of all sizes; moreover, the diastolic pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure were reduced along with reduction of right ventricular hypertrophy. Sugen 5416 and hypoxia increased pulmonary collagen deposition, which was counteracted by C21 20 mg/kg. In conclusion, the effects of C21 on vascular remodeling, hemodynamic alterations, and fibrosis suggest that AT<sub>2</sub>R agonists may have a role in Group 1 and 3 PH treatment.</span><br></span></p>
Parallel evolution of behaviour, physiology and life history associated with altitudinal shifts in forest type in Heliconius butterflies
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Parallel evolution of morphological traits is widely reported, providing evidence for the role of local conditions in driving adaptive divergence. Comparatively, fewer studies have tested for parallelism in behaviour, and it is less clear to what extent heritable behavioural shifts contribute to adaptive divergence. We exploit repeated incipient speciation across altitudinal gradients to explore behaviour and physiology in <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies adapted to high-elevation. We performed common garden experiments with <em>H. chestertonii, </em>a high-altitude specialist from the Colombian Cordillera Occidental, and <em>H. erato venus</em>, a low-elevation proxy for the ancestral population, and compared our results to existing data for an equivalent Ecuadorian taxa-pair. Using broad-scale climatic data, we show that both pairs diverge across similar ecological gradients, confirmed using localised data loggers in the ranges of <em>H. chestertonii</em> and <em>H. e. venus</em>. We further show that <em>H. chestertonii </em>and <em>H. e. venus</em> have divergent activity patterns, attributable to different responses to microclimate, and life histories. Finally, we provide evidence for parallelism in these traits with <em>H. himera</em> and <em>H. e. cyrbia</em>. We propose that this is a result of selection associated with independent colonisations of high-altitude forests, emphasising the importance of heritable behavioural and physiological adaptations during population divergence and speciation.</span></p>
TARDIS configuration and emulator weights and training data for "1991T-Like Type Ia Supernovae as an Extension of the Normal Population"
<p>This dataset contains two archives of data related to the paper "1991T-Like Type Ia Supernovae as an Extension of the Normal Population"<br> <br> The first dataset, <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/de696fe0-3280-44f2-8ef4-975b92fad260/TARDIS_Emulator_Config.tar.gz">TARDIS_Emulator_Config.tar.gz </a>, contains the atomic data used to run TARDIS and a template configuration file from which samples are generated including the flags for the physics implementation used.</p> <p>The second dataset, InferenceScripts.tar.gz, contains the trained probabilistic neural network, the training/validation data (Under NNData), and scripts used to train the model and load and evaluate the model. Scripts that perform inference on spectra, as well as a folder of observed spectra (Under CorrectedSpectra), are included as well. A conda environment yaml file is included to rebuild the Python environment required to run all of the scripts. For questions please email John O'Brien.</p>
Immunohistochemistry of wild type and hjv-/- iron manipulated mouse livers and spleens treated with LPS or Hepcidin
<p><span>The iron hormone hepcidin is transcriptionally activated by iron or inflammation via distinct, partially overlapping pathways. We addressed how iron affects inflammatory hepcidin levels and the ensuing hypoferremic response. Dietary iron overload did not mitigate hepcidin induction in LPS-treated wt mice but prevented effective inflammatory hypoferremia. Likewise, LPS modestly decreased serum iron in hepcidin-deficient Hjv-/- mice, model of hemochromatosis. Synthetic hepcidin triggered hypoferremia in control but not iron-loaded wt animals. Furthermore, it dramatically decreased hepatic and splenic ferroportin in Hjv-/- mice on standard or iron-deficient diet, but only triggered hypoferremia in the latter. Mechanistically, iron antagonized hepcidin responsiveness by inactivating IRPs in the liver and spleen, to stimulate ferroportin mRNA translation. Prolonged LPS treatment eliminating ferroportin mRNA permitted hepcidin-mediated hypoferremia in iron-loaded mice. Thus, de novo ferroportin synthesis is critical determinant of serum iron and finetunes hepcidin-dependent functional outcomes. Our data uncover a crosstalk between hepcidin and IRE/IRP systems that controls tissue ferroportin expression and determines serum iron levels. Moreover, they suggest that hepcidin supplementation therapy is more efficient combined with iron depletion.</span></p>
Local habitat type influences bumble bee pathogen loads and bee species distribution
<p>Bumble bees (<em>Bombus </em>spp.) perform important ecological services in both managed and natural ecosystems. Anthropogenically-induced change, however, has altered the availability of floral resources, climatic suitability, and exposure to insecticides, factors that impact overall health and disease levels in these bees. Habitat management presents a solution for improving bee health and biodiversity, but this requires better understanding of how different pathogens and bee species respond to habitat conditions. Herein, we take advantage of the washboard of repeated ridges (forested) and valleys (mostly unforested and developed) in central Pennsylvania to examine whether local variation in habitat type and other landscape factors influence bumble bee community composition and the levels of four leading pathogens in the common eastern bumble bee, <em>Bombus impatiens</em>. Loads of viral pathogens (deformed wing virus and black queen cell virus) were found to be lowest in forest habitats, whereas loads of a gut parasite, <em>Crithidia bombi</em>, were highest in forests. Ridgetop forests hosted the most diverse bumble bee communities, including several habitat specialists. <em>B. impatiens</em> was most abundant in valleys, and showed higher incidence in areas of greater disturbance, including more developed, unforested, and lower floral resource sites, a pattern that mirrors its success in the face of anthropogenic change. Additionally, DNA barcoding revealed that <em>B. sandersoni</em> is much more common than is apparent from databases, likely due to misidentification as mimics <em>B. perplexus</em> and <em>B. vagans</em>. Our results provide evidence that habitat type can play a large role in pathogen load dynamics, but in ways that differ by pathogen type, and point to a need for consideration of habitat at both macro-ecological and local spatial scale</p>
Hypermutator emergence in experimental Escherichia coli populations is stress type dependent
<p class="Textbody"><span>Genotypes exhibiting an increased mutation rate, called hypermutators, can propagate in microbial populations because they can have an advantage due to the higher supply of beneficial mutations needed for adaptation. Although this is a frequently observed phenomenon in natural and laboratory populations, little is known about the influence of parameters such as the degree of maladaptation, stress intensity and the genetic architecture for adaptation on the emergence of hypermutators. To address this knowledge gap, we measured the emergence of hypermutators over ~1000 generations in experimental <em>Escherichia coli</em> populations exposed to different levels of osmotic or antibiotic stress. Our stress types were chosen based on the assumption that the genetic architecture for adaptation differs between them. Indeed, we show that the size of the genetic basis for adaptation is larger for osmotic stress compared to antibiotic stress. During our experiment, we observed an increased emergence of hypermutators in populations exposed to osmotic stress but not in those exposed to antibiotic stress, indicating that hypermutator emergence rates are stress-type-dependent. These results support our hypothesis that hypermutator emergence is linked to the size of the genetic basis for adaptation. In addition, we identified other parameters that covaried with stress type (stress level and IS transposition rates) that might have contributed to an increased hypermutator provision and selection. Our results provide a first comparison of hypermutator emergence rates under varying stress conditions and point towards complex interactions of multiple stress-related factors on the evolution of mutation rates.</span></p>
Correlations between dominant vegetation type and composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Single and mixed vegetation types have significant effects on soil parameters and the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities.</span><span> To understand the influence of different vegetation types on the structure of soil bacterial community across soil depth in a subtropical forest, we assessed the relative abundance of edaphic bacterial community and soil parameters, including pH, </span><span>cation exchange capacity</span><span> (CEC), and d</span><span>issolved organic carbon</span><span> (DOC) </span><span>in Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve in Fujian Province, southeastern China. The study area constitutes pine coniferous forest (CF) of <em>pinus taiwanensis</em>, broad-leaved forest (BF) of <em>castanopsis fabri</em>, and a mixed forest comprising CF and BF (MF). Quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA were used to analyze the abundance, diversity, and composition of soil bacteria. </span><span>The results showed that the pH, CEC and diversity of tree species are all associated with the composition of the bacterial community in the soil.</span> <span>It was found that CEC, soluble</span><span> organic nitrogen (</span><span>DON) and pH largely affected the structure of soil bacterial community in A horizon, whereas CEC, moisture content (MC) and </span><span>organic phosphorus</span><span> (OP) affected the structure of soil bacterial community in B horizon. </span><span>We found that the dominant taxa in the CF and BF were <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Acidobacteria</em>, respectively. The results of both mental and random forest (RF) analyses displayed groups according to vegetation types, indicating that the bacterial communities in the research site were significantly influenced by vegetation types in subtropical forests. </span><span>The study highlights the ecological effects of forest management and elucidates the differences in the functional structure of soil bacterial communities under different vegetation types and soil depths.</span></p>
Trans-eQTL effects on risk of type 1 diabetes: a test of the sparse effector (omnigenic) hypothesis of complex trait genetics (supplementary data)
<p>This repository contains summary-level data generated by performing <a href="https://github.com/molepi-precmed/trans-qtls">Genomewide aggregated trans- effects (GATE) analysis</a> in case-control study of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).</p>
The efficacy and safety of meal replacement in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>There are supplemental materials for a systematic review and meta-analysis, which studied the efficacy and safety of meal replacement in patients with type 2 diabetes, with a focus on subgroup analysis of variable participant characteristics and MR prescription.</p>
Fig. 2. Tritogenia howickiana Kinberg, 1867 in The megadrile fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Queen Elizabeth Park, South Africa: species composition and distribution within different vegetation types
Fig. 2. Tritogenia howickiana Kinberg, 1867, the whole body of the lectotype. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 5 in The megadrile fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Queen Elizabeth Park, South Africa: species composition and distribution within different vegetation types
Fig. 5. Tritogenia howickiana, position of the spermathecae (Sp) in segments 12 and 13.
Fig. 1. A in The megadrile fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Queen Elizabeth Park, South Africa: species composition and distribution within different vegetation types
Fig. 1. A map of Queen Elizabeth Park, showing the different vegetation types.
Fig. 9. Sepia incerta, syntype NMSA 3477 in Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda
Fig. 9. Sepia incerta, syntype NMSA 3477/T477, 112.1×18.2 mm.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.