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5,794 results for “exposures”
Data from: The combined fatigue effects of sequential exposure to seated whole body vibration and physical, mental, or concurrent work demands
Many occupations in agriculture, construction, transportation, and forestry are non-routine, involving non-cyclical tasks, both discretionary and non-discretionary work breaks, and a mix of work activities. Workers in these industries are exposed to seated whole body vibration (WBV) and tasks consisting of physical, mental, or a combination of demands. Risk assessment tools for non-routinized jobs have emerged but there remains a need to understand the combined effects of different work demands to improve risk assessment methods and ultimately inform ergonomists and workers on optimum work arrangement and scheduling strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate fatigue-related human responses of WBV sequentially combined with physical, mental, or concurrent physical and mental demands. Sixteen healthy participants performed four conditions on four separate days: (1) physically demanding work, (2) mentally demanding work, (3) concurrent work, and (4) control quiet sitting. For each condition, participants performed two 15-minute bouts of the experimental task, separated by 30-minutes of simulated WBV based on realistic all-terrain vehicle (ATV) riding data. A test battery of fatigue measures consisting of biomechanical, physiological, cognitive, and sensorimotor measurements were collected at four interval periods: pre-session, after the first bout of the experimental task and before WBV, after WBV and before the second bout of the experimental task, and post-session. Nine measures demonstrated statistically significant time effects during the control condition; 11, 7, and 12 measures were significant in the physical, mental, and concurrent conditions, respectively. Overall, the effects of seated WBV in combination with different tasks are not additive but possibly synergistic or antagonistic. There appears to be a beneficial effect of seated ATV operation as a means of increasing task variation; but since excessive WBV may independently pose a health risk in the longer-term, these beneficial results may not be sensible as a long-term solution.
Data from: Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during flexible bronchoscopy in patients with unexpected pulmonary tuberculosis
Objective: Recent guidelines recommend the use by healthcare personnel of a fit-tested N95 particulate respirator or higher-grade respiratory precaution in a patient undergoing bronchoscopy when pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is suspected. However, PTB may be unexpectedly diagnosed in this setting and therefore not evaluated, resulting in the unexpected exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) of healthcare workers in the bronchoscopy suite. Here, we examined the incidence of unexpected exposure to MTB during flexible bronchoscopy and determined the exposure-related factors. Methods: Between 2011 and 2013, a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate unexpected diagnoses of PTB in the bronchoscopy suite. During the study period, 1650 consecutive patients for whom previous CT scans were available and who underwent bronchoscopy for respiratory disease other than PTB were included. The results of bronchial washing, bronchoalveolar lavage, and post-bronchoscopic sputum were reviewed. Results: PTB was unexpectedly diagnosed in 76 patients (4.6%). The presence of anthracofibrosis [odds ratio (OR), 3.878; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.291–11.650; P = 0.016), bronchiectasis (OR, 1.974; 95% CI, 1.095–3.557; P = 0.024), or atelectasis (OR, 1.740; 95% CI, 1.010–2.903; P = 0.046) as seen on chest CT scan was independently associated with unexpected PTB. Patients with both anthracofibrosis and atelectasis were at much higher risk of unexpected PTB (OR, 4.606; 95% CI, 1.383–15.342; P = 0.013). Conclusions: The risk of MTB exposure by healthcare personnel in the bronchoscopy suite due to patients with undiagnosed PTB has been underestimated. Therefore, in geographic regions with an intermediate PTB prevalence, such as South Korea (97/100,000 persons per year), higher-grade respiratory precaution, such as a fit-tested N95 particulate respirator, should be considered to prevent occupational exposure to MTB during routine bronchoscopy, especially in patients with CT-confirmed anthracofibrosis, bronchiectasis, or atelectasis.
Data from: Effects of a 60 Hz magnetic field exposure up to 3000 µT on human brain activation as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Several aspects of the human nervous system and associated motor and cognitive processes have been reported to be modulated by extremely low-frequency (ELF, < 300 Hz) time-varying Magnetic Fields (MF). Due do their worldwide prevalence; power-line frequencies (60 Hz in North America) are of particular interest. Despite intense research efforts over the last few decades, the potential effects of 60 Hz MF still need to be elucidated, and the underlying mechanisms to be understood. In this study, we have used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to characterize potential changes in functional brain activation following human exposure to a 60 Hz MF through motor and cognitive tasks. First, pilot results acquired in a first set of subjects (N=9) were used to demonstrate the technical feasibility of using fMRI to detect subtle changes in functional brain activation with 60 Hz MF exposure at 1800 μT. Second, a full study involving a larger cohort of subjects tested brain activation during 1) a finger tapping task (N=20), and 2) a mental rotation task (N=21); before and after a one-hour, 60 Hz, 3000 μT MF exposure. The results indicate significant changes in task-induced functional brain activation as a consequence of MF exposure. However, no impact on task performance was found. These results illustrate the potential of using fMRI to identify MF-induced changes in functional brain activation, suggesting that a one-hour 60 Hz, 3000 μT MF exposure can modulate activity in specific brain regions after the end of the exposure period (i.e., residual effects). We discuss the possibility that MF exposure at 60 Hz, 3000 μT may be capable of modulating cortical excitability via a modulation of synaptic plasticity processes.
Data from: Impact of repeated exposures on information spreading in social networks
Clustered structure of social networks provides the chances of repeated exposures to carriers with similar information. It is commonly believed that the impact of repeated exposures on the spreading of information is nontrivial. Does this effect increase the probability that an individual forwards a message in social networks? If so, to what extent does this effect influence people's decisions on whether or not to spread information? Based on a large-scale microblogging data set, which logs the message spreading processes and users' forwarding activities, we conduct a data-driven analysis to explore the answer to the above questions. The results show that an overwhelming majority of message samples are more probable to be forwarded under repeated exposures, compared to those under only a single exposure. For those message samples that cover various topics, we observe a relatively fixed, topic-independent multiplier of the willingness of spreading when repeated exposures occur, regardless of the differences in network structure. We believe that this finding reflects average people's intrinsic psychological gain under repeated stimuli. Hence, it makes sense that the gain is associated with personal response behavior, rather than network structure. Moreover, we find that the gain is robust against the change of message popularity. This finding supports that there exists a relatively fixed gain brought by repeated exposures. Based on the above findings, we propose a parsimonious model to predict the saturated numbers of forwarding activities of messages. Our work could contribute to better understandings of behavioral psychology and social media analytics.
Measuring exposure of agriculture to observed temperature change, 1961-2024
<p>The dataset disseminates regional indicators that link observed temperature change and agricultural statistics, connecting NASA-GISS and FAOSTAT data for mean annual temperature change on land with statistics of population, agricultural land use, crop and livestock production and gross economic value by country, over the time series 1961-2024.</p>
Data from: Discovery of BbX transcription factor in the patagonian blennie: Exploring expression changes following combined bacterial and thermal stress exposure
<p>Abstract:</p><p>High-Mobility Group (HMG) proteins are involved in different processes such as transcription, replication, DNA repair, and immune response. The role of HMG proteins in the immune response of fish has been studied mainly for HMGB1, where its expression can be induced by the stimulation of viral/bacterial PAMPs and can act as a proinflammatory mediator and as a global regulator of transcription in response to temperature. However, for BbX this role remains to be discovered. In this work, we identified the BbX of <i>E. maclovinus</i> and evaluated the temporal expression levels after simultaneous challenge with <i>P. salmonis</i> and thermal stress. Phylogenetic analysis does not significantly deviate from the expected organismal relationships suggesting orthologous relationships and that BbX was present in the common ancestor of the group. BbX mRNA expression levels were very high in the intestinal tissue of <i>E. maclovinus </i>(foregut, midgut, and hindgut). Nevertheless, the protein levels analyzed by WB showed the highest levels of BbX protein in the liver (constitutive expression). On the other hand, the mRNA expression levels of BbX in the liver of <i>E. maclovinus</i> injected with<i> P. salmonis</i> and subjected to thermal stress showed an increase at days 16 and 20 in all treatments applied at 12 °C and 18 °C. Meanwhile, the protein levels quantified by WB showed a statistically significant increase in the HMG-Bbx at all experimental times (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dpi). However, at 4 dpi the HMG-Bbx protein levels were much higher than the other days evaluated. The results suggest that BbX protein may be implicated in the response mechanism to temperature and bacterial stimulation in the foregut, midgut, hindgut, and liver, according to our findings at the level of mRNA and protein. Furthermore, our WB analysis suggests an effect of <i>P. salmonis</i> on the expression of this protein that can be observed in condition C+ 12 °C compared to C- 12 °C. Then, there is an effect of temperature that can be evidenced in the condition AM 18 °C and SM 18 °C, compared to AB 18 °C and SB 18 °C at 4, 8, and 12 dpi. We found not differences in the levels of this protein if the thermal stress is achieved through acclimatization or shock. More research is necessary to clarify the importance of this type of HMG in the immune response and thermal tolerance in fish.</p>
Pulsed 193 nm Excimer laser processing of 4H-SiC(0001) wafers with radiant exposure dependent "in situ" reflectivity studies for process optimization.
<p>Conference paper</p>
Causal relationship between air pollution and noise pollution exposure and brain cortical structure: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Prolonged Hypoxic Exposure May Improve Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Prior Myocardial Infarction
<p>This dataset was acquired at DLR, Cologne, Germany. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the local ethics committee. All subjects gave written informed consent.</p> <p><strong>Data acquisition</strong><br> <em>MRI data</em></p> <p>All MR images were acquired on a Siemens 3T mMR Biograph a using cardiac and spine coils. The scanning protocol consisted of the following sequences.</p> <ul> <li><strong>mpi70_FOV_320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20</strong>: cardiac realtime MRI of the short axis (TR=2.56 ms; TE=1.62 ms; 1.6x1.6 mm; 6 mm slice thickness; 20 slices; FoV320x320 mm; radial spokes 13)</li> <li><strong>CINE_FL2D7_RETRO_14SLICES_EPAT</strong>: conventional CINE cardiac short axis (TR= 40.32 ms; TE= 2.41 ms, 1.77x1.77 mm; 8 mm slice thickness; FA= 15°; FoV 340x276 mm)</li> </ul> <p>Cinematic real time MRI of the short axis view was acquired at the time points V1 to V3 in three subjects and V1 to V4 in one subject. Conventional cinematic short axis MRI was acquired at time point V3 in all subjects and V4 in one subject.</p> <p> </p> <p>Video files:</p> <p> <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/e5dc3156-e960-4a97-9054-fac6fd1e9167/0MF_V2_Series_027_mpi70_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20_Slice_9.wmv">0MF_V1_Series_027_mpi70_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20</a></p> <p> <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/e5dc3156-e960-4a97-9054-fac6fd1e9167/0MF_V2_Series_027_mpi70_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20_Slice_9.wmv">0MF_V2_Series_027_mpi70_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20</a></p> <p> <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/e5dc3156-e960-4a97-9054-fac6fd1e9167/0MF_V2_Series_027_mpi70_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20_Slice_9.wmv">0MF_V3_Series_027_mpi70_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20</a></p> <p> <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/e5dc3156-e960-4a97-9054-fac6fd1e9167/0MF_V2_Series_027_mpi70_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20_Slice_9.wmv">0MF_V4_Series_027_mpi70_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_SA20</a></p> <p>Cinematic real time MRI of the short axis view at the time points V1 to V4 in 1 subject. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)</strong></p> <p>All TTE images were acquired on a GE Vivid iq with GE M5Sc probe. Imaging contained apical 2-, 3- and 4 chamber views. These images were used to obtain global longitudinal strain (GLS), biplane left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (Simpson Method), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), basal right ventricular diameter, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).</p> <p>The presented data were conducted at baseline (series 1), 0.118 FiO2/hypoxia (series 2-5), recovery (series 6,7) and 12 week follow-up (subject 0MF, series 8).</p>
Data from: Exposure to mitochondrial genotoxins and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans
[No abstract entered]
Data used for Investigating the role of Amazonian mesoscale wind patterns and strength on the spatial distribution of Martian bedrock exposures
<p>This upload contains four distinct zipped files with several different datasets contained within used for the analysis in publication "Investigating the role of Amazonian mesoscale wind patterns and strength on the spatial distribution of Martian bedrock exposures" by Gary-Bicas et al., 2022 Description for each dataset is below.</p> <p>- External data (Contains data used for thermophysical and morphological analysis).</p> <ul> <li>binary files NBmap2007.bin (Putzig and Mellon, 2007) and nmap2003.bin( Putzig et al., 2005) . These contain global Mars thermal inertia maps using the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) </li> <li>Comma separated files with terminations "...USGS.csv" these are files extracting data for the studies' regions from the Mars global USGS geologic map #3292 (Tanaka et al., 2014) </li> <li>Shape file for bedrock designations (bedrock.[shp,shx,prj,dbf]) created by Cowart et al., 2019 where they mapped locations with bedrock exposures on Mars. We also include comma separated value files of the same maps for locations studied in this analysis (files with termination "...bedrock.csv")</li> <li>Shape file included has the locations of craters identified in all study regions for analysis (craters.point.[shp,shx,prj,dbf] and craters.polygon.[shp,shx,prj,dbf]) paired with the comma separated value intracrat.csv</li> <li>Shape file with study locations for analysis (windo_modeling_locations_revised3.[shp,shx,prj,dbf])</li> </ul> <p>- MRAMS data files.zip</p> <ul> <li>Contains 11 simulated climate states for each of the ten study location in analysis as well as Jezero crater using the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS, Rafkin and Michaels, 2019). For each simulated case there are 4 seasonal time steps equating to 44 simulated cases for each study region in total (484 files) see associated python software publication indicating ingestion and processing of MRAMS datasets</li> </ul> <p>- MRAMS output files.zip</p> <ul> <li>After ingesting the datasets in MARS data files.zip into a python algorithm (see associated software publication) values for Wind Erosion Potential were extracted from the datasets and weighted sums were conducted to get annual values (see manuscript publication and associated python software publication,"MRAMS Data Output.ipynb") data was output into comma separated values for ease of use</li> </ul> <p>-MRAMS elevation and slope files.zip</p> <ul> <li>MRAMS data from output files.zip was further ingested into other algorithms to extract elevation and terrain slope values (see associated python software publication, "MRAMS Data Output.ipynb") that were output into comma separated values for ease of use</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 3 in Experimental Chronic Exposure rotunda to Zinc of the Foraminifer Pseudotriloculina
Fig. 3. Percentage of specimens still alive at the end of the experiment for each zinc treatment.
Number of drifting and emerging invertebrates under control and predator exposure conditions in an outdoor mesocosm experiment
<p>Predator-prey interactions drive adaptation in aquatic communities, shaping invertebrate behaviour. In response to predation risk, invertebrates may exhibit behavioral changes, such as drifting with the downstream current or altering the timing of emergence to avoid predators. To investigate predator-induced drift behaviour and emergence patterns, we collected drifting and emerging invertebrates from an outdoor mesocosm system (<em>ExStream</em> system) between March and April 2022. The study examined the effects of indirect and direct predation pressure on drift and emergence by recording the number, lowest possible taxonomic resolution, and size of invertebrates. Drift nets attached to the outflow and emergence nets placed over the mesocosms were collected every 24 hours at 4 PM over nine days. Mesocosms were maintained under either control or predator exposure conditions. In the predator exposure treatment, invertebrates were first exposed to elevated chemical cues from fish (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em> and <em>Cottus rhenanus</em>) to simulate indirect predation. On the fifth day after sampling, one <em>Cottus rhenanus</em> was introduced into each predator-treated mesocosm to simulate direct predation.</p>
A Survey of Agencies on Mitigating Extreme Heat Exposure through Novel Materials and Improved Pedestrian Infrastructure Design
<p><span>This is the dataset of the National Center of Sustainable Transportation (NCST) project titled <em>A Survey of Agencies on Mitigating Extreme Heat Exposure through Novel Materials and Improved Pedestrian Infrastructure Design</em>.</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>The abstract of the project is as follows:</span></p> <p><span>Extreme heat is the leading cause of weather-related mortality in the United States, and extreme heat events are projected to continue increase in geographic extent, frequency, and severity in the United States as climate change progresses.<span> </span>Transportation infrastructure is a significant driver of the urban heat island (UHI) effects and of extreme heat events within micro-environments.<span> </span>Efforts to mitigate UHI impacts often focus on reflecting incoming solar radiation (i.e., increasing surface albedo) and providing shade (e.g., planting street trees).<span> </span>However, alterative and novel materials (ANM) for pavements that reduce heat storage, and green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) that promotes evaporative cooling, can provide additional heat mitigation pathways.<span> </span>Sidewalks facilitate non-motorized transportation, and are relatively low-risk, low-cost, and have simple structural requirements compared to other transportation infrastructure.<span> </span>Hence, sidewalks and adjacent planting strips can offer a logical test bed for new materials and designs.<span> </span>With the thermal comfort, safety, and efficiency of users in mind, environmentally responsible designs can also minimize energy embedded in construction materials and help maintain natural ecosystem processes.<span> </span>Although ANMs hold significant promise for heat effect mitigation, they have not yet achieved widespread implementation.<span> </span>This project reviewed the growing literature related to the application of ANMs and GSI to reduce UHI effects and implemented a survey of urban planners and public works engineers to assess the current and planned use of these strategies.<span> </span>The survey also asked respondents to identify barriers to implementing heat mitigation strategies within their pedestrian infrastructure systems.<span> </span>This report summarizes the survey methods, survey results, findings related to selection of mitigation alternatives, and respondent-reported issues associated with implementation (regulatory requirements, design standards, economic feasibility, etc.) for an anticipated reading audience of urban policy makers, planners, and practitioners.</span></p>
3D reconstruction of skin and spatial mapping of immune cell density, vascular distance and effects of sun exposure and aging
<p>Mapping the human body at single cell resolution in three dimensions (3D) is an important step toward a “digital twin” model that digitizes organ structure and the dynamics of cell-cell interactions. Current approaches for 3D reconstruction of multiplexed serial sections are relatively cumbersome and not automated. We present a novel 3D reconstruction workflow for multiplexed sequential tissue sections: MATRICS-A (Multiplexed Image Three-D Reconstruction and Integrated Cell Spatial - Analysis). This combines a reproducible and streamlined method for two-dimensional (2D) cell segmentation and cell type classification, followed by 3D volume reconstruction. We also provide novel tools for 3D visualization of immune cell cluster density, cell-to-vasculature distance, and distance maps for cellular markers of UV damage/repair and proliferation to the skin surface. We used MATRICS-A to reconstruct 26 serial sections of fixed skin from 12 donors aged between 32-72 years. Samples were collected from six distinct anatomical regions with mild to marked sun exposure effects. Each tissue section was multiplexed with 18 fluorescently labeled antibodies covering 14 cell types in the epidermis and dermis. We demonstrate several new findings that are only possible in 3D, We present novel visualization of immune cell clusters and show that there are 10-70% more T cells (total) within 30 µm of a T helper cell in 3D vs 2D. Distances of cell markers of DNA damage (p53), DNA repair (DDB2) and proliferation (Ki67) to the skin surface were consistent across all ages/sun exposure. MATRICS-A provides a new powerful integrated open access approach to quantify 3D spatial cell relationships in healthy and aging organs and could be further extended to diseased organs. </p>
Data for: Novel Quantitative Methods to Enable Multispectral Identification of High-Purity Water Ice Exposures on Mars from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) Images
<p>This repository contains all the HiRISE UNFILTERED products used in the paper by Rangarajan et al. (2023) titled "Novel quantitative methods to enable multispectral identification of high-purity water ice exposures using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images" published in Icarus. </p>
Effects of diesel exhaust particles on the health and survival of the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris after acute and chronic oral exposure.
<p>Contents the data sets belonging to the publication <strong>Effects of diesel exhaust particles on the health and survival of the buff-tailed bumblebee <em>Bombus terrestris </em>after acute and chronic oral exposure. </strong>in the Journal of Hazardous materials. Included are the data sets to the experiments exploring the effects of acute and chronic oral toxicity of DEP respectively, and a data set including the PAH content of the analysed DEP samples</p>
Study of Chronic Exposure of the Population Living on the Atlantic Coast and on the Caribbean Coast, in Martinique, During the Stranding Period and Outside the Stranding Period of Sargassum Seaweeds
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05564546. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Arsenic Exposure and Lung Cancer Incidence
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04125381. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Group Exposure Workshops for Socially Anxious Undergraduates
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06673407. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.