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Fig. 2 in Captures of oriental fruit flies and melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in traps baited with torula yeast borax solution or 2- or 3-component synthetic food cones in Hawaii

Fig. 2. Captures of wild Zeugodacus cucurbitae in traps baited with torula yeast borax solution, 2-component cones, or 3-component cones. Symbols represent means (± 1 SE); N = 10 traps per treatment per weathering interval.

Fig. 4 in Food attractants for mass trapping of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its selectivity for beneficial arthropods

Fig. 4. Proportion of tephritids (dark grey), beneficial arthropods (white), and other non-target insects (light grey) captured by the different treatments in the 2017 and 2018 seasons.

Fig. 3 in Food attractants for mass trapping of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its selectivity for beneficial arthropods

Fig. 3. Proportion of gravid (dark grey) and non-gravid (light grey) females of Ceratitis capitata lured to the different treatments on pre- and post-harvest period during the 2018 season (NS = no significant differences, * = P ≤ 0.05). (A–B) Dixieland peach; (C–D) Fuji Kiku apple; (E–F) Satsuma mandarin. Treatments with no captures are not presented.

Fig. 1 in Presence of Drosophilidae (Diptera: Ephydroidea) flies associated with fig fruits in Morelos, Mexico

Fig. 1. Drosophilidae associated with fig fruits. Zaprionus indianus, (A) female and (B) male; Drosophila suzukii (C) female and (D) male; Drosophila melanogaster (E) female and (F) male.

Fig. 1 in Susceptibility status to temephos in larval Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Quintana Roo, southeastern Mexico

Fig. 1. Susceptibility status to temephos (1× the discriminant dose) of Aedes albopictus (grey pie charts) and Aedes aegypti (black and white pie charts) larvae from 4 communities of Quintana Roo, Mexico.

Fig 2 in Presence of Drosophilidae (Diptera: Ephydroidea) flies associated with fig fruits in Morelos, Mexico

Fig 2. Zaprionus indianus on fig fruits. (A) Oviposition of Zaprionus indianus; (B) fig fruits susceptible to Z. indianus; (C) Z. indianus (lef) and Drosophila melanogaster (right) eggs. The arrow in Fig 2A points to eggs at the entrance of the ostiole.

Fig. 5 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 5. Susceptibility of Jatropha gossypiifolia to Prodiplosis longifila. Morphologically similar galls induced on control Jatropha clavuligera (A) and Jatropha gossypiifolia (B) plants under no-choice conditions in quarantine in Pretoria, South Africa. Galling on a transplanted Jatropha gossypiifolia plant under the natural field conditions in Bolivia (C).

Fig. 4 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 4. Relationship between the number of branches per plant and number of shoot tips with Prodiplosis longifila galls (A) and percentage of shoots (± SE) with Prodiplosis longifila galls (B) across 3 sites in Bolivia in Feb 2016. Different letters above SE bars indicate significant differences (Tukey's test, P <0.001).

Fig. 3 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 3. Incidence of Prodiplosis longifila galls on Jatropha clavuligera (percentage of plants with galls) in relation to (A) sites and (B) sampling yr and season (± SE). Different letters above SE bars indicate significant differences (Tukey's test, P <0.001).

Fig. 2 in Food attractants for mass trapping of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its selectivity for beneficial arthropods

Fig. 2. Proportion of gravid (dark grey) and non-gravid (light grey) females of Ceratitis capitata lured to the different treatments on pre- and post-harvest period during the 2017 season (NS = no significant differences, * = P ≤ 0.05). (A–B) Dixieland peach; (C–D) Fuji Kiku apple; (E–F) Satsuma mandarin. Treatments with no captures are not presented.

Fig. 1 in Food attractants for mass trapping of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its selectivity for beneficial arthropods

Fig. 1. Cumulative Ceratitis capitata captures expressed as females per trap per d index for the pre-harvest (light gray) and post-harvest (dark gray) periods are shown, for the 3 field trials and the 2 seasons of evaluation. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments in the cumulative captures of females for the total trial period.

Fig. 1 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 1. Rosette galls induced by Prodiplosis longifila in the growing shoot tip of Jatropha clavuligera. (A) Rosette gall in the terminal and axillary buds of Jatropha clavuligera with swollen petiole and rachis and malformed leaves. (B) Young gall in Jatropha clavuligera showing early stage larvae feeding on the nutritive tissue of the gall with no evidence of cell necrosis and fungal growth.

Fig. 2 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 2. Morphological and histological changes in the rosette galls induced by Prodiplosis longifila on Jatropha clavuligera. (A) Vertical sectional view of a portion of the galled shoot showing the inflamed axillary position (*) (bar = 1 mm). (B) Cross sectional view of a portion of the galled shoot showing the hyperplasied stems and leaves (bar = 0.33 mm); * indicates the location where the larvae congregate; le = leaf. (C) Cross sectional view of a galled leaf showing the intense hyperplasied upper mesophyll (bar = 0.18 mm); arrows point to the hypertrophied epidermis. (D) Cross sectional view of a leaf axil (bar = 0.33 mm); * indicates the location where the larvae congregate; note the vertically dividing epidermal cells towards the bottom, whereas the laterally occurring epidermal cells are hypertrophied. (E) Cross sectional view of the stem showing variously dividing cortical cells (bar = 30 μm); the arrow indicates cell proliferation. (F) Compactly arranged parenchymatous nutritive cells, each with a prominent nucleus (n) and dense cytoplasm (cyt) (bar = 10 μm). (G) Low magnification image of galled stem showing layers of nutritive cells (nc), where the larvae feed (lfs) (bar = 30 μm). In fact, the cells lying opposite, which appear to be empty, show signs of regeneration (rc). In the far interior of the stem cortex, numerous phenol-included cells (pic) occur. Far interior into the stem cortex numerous phenol including cells (pic) occur. (H) An enlarged view of a phenol-including cell (bar = 18 μm).

Figs. 21–25 in Three new species of Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil

Figs. 21–25. Lopesia ubatubensis sp. nov. (21). Third male flagellomere. (22). Third female flagellomere. (23). Twelfh male flagellomere. (24). Tarsal claws and empodia. (25). Male terminalia (dorsal view).

Fig. 12 in Three new species of Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil

Fig. 12. Cylindrical leaf galls of Lopesia mataybae sp. nov. on Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae). Arrow marks gall.

Figs. 8–11 in Three new species of Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil

Figs. 8–11. Lopesia mataybae sp. nov. (8). Pupal head (ventral view). (9). Prothoracic spiracle. (10). Sixth pupal abdominal tergite (dorsal view). (11). Larval terminal segment (dorsal view).

Figs. 17–19 in Three new species of Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil

Figs. 17–19. Lopesia chapadensis sp. nov. (17). Pupal head (ventral view). (18). Larval prothoracic spatula. (19). Larval terminal segment (dorsal view).

Figs. 1–7 in Three new species of Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil

Figs. 1–7. Lopesia mataybae sp. nov. (1). Third male flagellomere (frontal view). (2). Third female flagellomere (frontal view). (3). Twelfh male flagellomere with apical process (frontal view). (4). Male tarsal claws and empodia. (5). Male wing. (6). Male terminalia (dorsal view). (7). Female postabdomen (lateral view).

Figs. 13–16 in Three new species of Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil

Figs. 13–16. Lopesia chapadensis sp. nov. (13). Third male flagellomere. (14). Third female flagellomere. (15). Tarsal claw and empodia. (16). Male terminalia (dorsal view).