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Figure 4 in Determination of the ursolic and oleanolic acids content with the antioxidant capacity in apple peel extract of various cultivars
Figure 4. Correlation analysis of the concentration (µg/ml) of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) in Red Delicious (A, B); Granny Smith (C, D); and Royal Gala (E, F) with the antioxidant capacity (%) of the various cultivars. A value of r between 0 –1 indicates a strong positive correlation.
Figure 2 in Anti-dermatophyte activity of the aqueous extracts of Thai medicinal plants
Figure 2. Bright-field microscopy images demonstrating the effect of plant extracts againstT. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum at MIC values.
Figure 3 in Determination of the ursolic and oleanolic acids content with the antioxidant capacity in apple peel extract of various cultivars
Figure 3. Antioxidant activity of the apple peel extracts from various cultivars. *Significant difference p <0.001.
Plate III, Figs A.16–A.21 – Type A (French and Swiss Alps). A.16, head and pronotum of nymph (Swiss Alps); A.17, markings on tergites of nymph (Gryonne valley); A.18, markings on tergites of nymph (Sense); A.19, markings on the femora of legs, dorsal view (Gryonne Valley); A.20, sclerotized apex of extracted aedeagus of an adult ♂ (Vercors); A.21, sclerotized apex of aedeagus of Perla grandis, from Aubert 1949: 225, his Fig. 4. in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)
Plate III, Figs A.16–A.21 – Type A (French and Swiss Alps). A.16, head and pronotum of nymph (Swiss Alps); A.17, markings on tergites of nymph (Gryonne valley); A.18, markings on tergites of nymph (Sense); A.19, markings on the femora of legs, dorsal view (Gryonne Valley); A.20, sclerotized apex of extracted aedeagus of an adult ♂ (Vercors); A.21, sclerotized apex of aedeagus of Perla grandis, from Aubert 1949: 225, his Fig. 4.
Extracting Ridge and Valley Lines in Mountainous Areas from Airborne Lidar Data by Utilizing Line Feature Strength
<p><strong><span>Background</span></strong><strong><span>:</span></strong><span> </span><span>DEMs (digital elevation models) are very important in many fields, such as in Geomatics and in water conservation of mountainous areas etc. Geomorphic feature lines are necessary data for the topography interpolation and computation from DEMs.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><strong><span>:</span></strong><span> </span><span>Instead of the parameter space, we propose a novel automatic extraction of Geomorphic feature lines in the feature space from discrete airborne LiDAR (Light detection and ranging) data by TVM (tensor voting method) developed originally for image data in this article. A tensor field for discrete airborne LiDAR points is first established and then utilizing the TVM, a new geometric feature metric of data, the line feature strength, was captured. A practical line growing method based on the local maximum line feature strength is proposed in the article.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><strong><span>:</span></strong><span> </span><span>Compared with the general line growing that is based on a certain threshold, our line growing method is quite effective, in particular for the extraction of primary and minor ridge and valley lines in mountainous areas.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span><span>:</span></strong><span> </span><span>The method presented in this paper is fast and automated and can furnish operators with a wealth of detailed information about minor line features. This will enable the extraction of ridge and valley lines tailored to specific requirements. It is no doubt that the method developed here can be generalized to a large amount of Lidar data.</span></p>
Fig. 6 in Chemical constituents and toxic, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent effects of ethanol-extracted Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) oil on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Fig. 6. Greenhouse experiments testing repellency and oviposition deterrence of nutmeg essential oil against whiteflies. A. Repellency at 24 h, B. repellency at 48 h, C. oviposition at 24 h, D. oviposition at 48 h of exposure. Values are means of 8 replications. The mean numbers of adults or eggs were compared by paired t-tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Asterisk indicates a significant difference between control and treatment.
Fig. 3 in Chemical constituents and toxic, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent effects of ethanol-extracted Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) oil on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Fig. 3. Repellency of nutmeg essential oil to whitefly adults in laboratory experiments at 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure to concentrations of 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/mL. Values are the means of 8 replications. The mean numbers of adults were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA,with a Tukey HSD post-hoc test at a significance level of P <0.05; means topped by the same letter are not significantly different.
Fig. 2 in Insecticidal activity of the methanol extract of Pronephrium megacuspe (Thelypteridaceae) and its active component on Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 2. The effect of methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and compound 26 293 (phenol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside) from Pronephrium megacuspe on the walking ability of 294 Solenopsis invicta micrergates. Each data point represents the mean ± SE of 3 replicates. Each 295 replicate contained 10 tested ants. CK = control.
Fig. 3 in Insecticidal activity of the methanol extract of Pronephrium megacuspe (Thelypteridaceae) and its active component on Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 3. The effect of methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and compound 26 298 (phenol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside) from Pronephrium megacuspe on the clinging ability of 299 Solenopsis invicta macrergates. Each data point represents the mean ± SE of 3 replicates. Each 300 replicate contained 10 tested ants. CK = control.
Fig. 1 in Insecticidal activity of the methanol extract of Pronephrium megacuspe (Thelypteridaceae) and its active component on Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 1. The effect of methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and compound 26 288 (phenol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside) from Pronephrium megacuspe on the walking ability of 289 Solenopsis invicta macrergates. Each data point represents the mean ± SE of 3 replicates. Each 290 replicate contained 10 tested ants. CK = control.
Fig. 1 in Bioassay of plant extracts against Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Fig. 1. Survival of Aleurodicus dispersus adults exposed to the plant extracts tested by topical spray: 500 mg/L (A), 400 mg/L (B).
Fig. 526. Gravel extraction from river beds. A in Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Fig. 21. Sesarmops mora n in Paralbunea dayriti
Fig. 526. Gravel extraction from river beds. A: Seymareh River, B: Kangir River, C: Tajan River, D: Balekhlo chay River.
Fig. 525. Water extraction for agricultural use. A in Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Fig. 21. Sesarmops mora n in Paralbunea dayriti
Fig. 525. Water extraction for agricultural use. A: Qarasu River; this locality is the natural habitat and spawning site of some rare species such as Sabanejewia aurata. B: Karun River.
Figure 6. (a1), (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5), (a6), (a7) and (a8) watermarked image is degraded respectively through JPEG2000 compression, JPEG compression, median filtering, adding Salt&Pepper noise, rotating, center cropping, surrounding cropping and scaling. (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7) and (b8) The corresponding extracted watermarks.-Discrete Wavelet Transform Method: A New Optimized Robust Digital Image Watermarking Scheme
<p>This paper has described a scheme for digital watermarking of still images based on discrete<br> wavelet transform. In the proposed method, the embedded logo watermark can be extracted without<br> access to the original image. It has been confirmed that the proposed watermarking method is able<br> to extract the embedded logo watermark from the watermarked images that have degraded through<br> compression, filtering, cropping and scaling. Although this algorithm is not robust against rotation,<br> it can completely extract the watermark from watermarked images that lose about 35% of their<br> areas by cropping attack.</p>
Figure 1. (a) Original watermark (b) extracted watermarks after compression(c) merged watermark-Discrete Wavelet Transform Method: A New Optimized Robust Digital Image Watermarking Scheme
<p>Therefore, each bit of the logo watermark is stored in one coefficient of a sub-block to keep<br> the capacity of watermarking fixed.<br> When a region of the watermarked image is destroyed; the whole watermark can be<br> extracted using other regions of the watermarked image by merging extracted watermarks. Figure 1<br> shows result of merging logo watermarks that were extracted from a compressed (with JPEG2000<br> algorithm) watermarked image.</p>
Figure 4. Extracted bands diagramClassification of Human Emotion from Deap EEG Signal Using Hybrid Improved Neural Networks with Cuckoo Search
<p>Based on that coefficient, different bands have to be extracted. The bands are alpha, beta,<br> theta, gamma, and delta. Figure 4 shown in below which is represent the different extract band<br> diagrams.</p>
BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 5. PSD (dB/Hz) vs freaquency (Hz) of each IMF showen in fig 4 in channel C4 (a) and in C3 (b)
<p> In Fig 5, we noted that ocular artifact frequency is generally low around 5Hz with high amplitude. This artifact appears mainly in IMF3 and IMF4. Finally, band power was applied for the new signal. As a last step, the logarithm of the BP is calculated in order to transform the distribution of this feature to a more Gaussian like shape, because the classifiers we used, such as HMMs and SVM assume normally distributed features.</p>
BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 4. The EMD decomposition results for subject 2 when he imagines left hand movement
<p>Fig. 4 shows the EMD decomposition result of one-trial (left hand movement imagination) for subject 2 in the channels C3 and C4 respectively (the pre-filtered EEG signal used for this illustration is not corrupted by blinking artifact.). Each channel is decomposed into ten IMFs and one residue</p>
BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 5b. PSD (dB/Hz) vs freaquency (Hz) of each IMF showen in fig 4 in channel C4 (a) and in C3 (b)
<p>Therefore, the new signal is reconstructed by keeping only the two first IMFs. EMD also allows eliminating the artifacts in the EEG during the recording sessions like eye blinks and eyeball movements. In Fig 5, we noted that ocular artifact frequency is generally low around 5Hz with high amplitude. This artifact appears mainly in IMF3 and IMF4. Finally, band power was applied for the new signal. As a last step, the logarithm of the BP is calculated in order to transform the distribution of this feature to a more Gaussian like shape, because the classifiers we used, such as HMMs and SVM assume normally distributed features.</p>
BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 3. Hybrid EMD-BP approach for one trail feature extraction
<p>In this work, we propose a direct nonlinear approach to extract the more relevant IMFs corresponding to the different frequency components in the and bands and then obtain the BP in order to use them as features for mental task classification (see Fig. 3). The feature vector p used for the demonstration in this paper is composed, for each sample I, 1 < i < 2048, in a given trial (among a total of 160 trials) of four bandpower, calculated of the rhythms and in positions C3 and C4 Trad et al., 2011).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.