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9,671 results for “Leaf”
Figures 7–8 in Natural history of Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1854 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini) on Arctotheca prostrata (Salisb.) Britten (Asteraceae: Arctotidinae) in South Africa, with a checklist of South African Cassidinae (leaf-mining and tortoise beetles)
Figures 7–8. Coastal area with extensive growth of Arctotheca prostrata, Goukamma Reserve, South Africa. Plants intact but soil disturbed by the activity of Cape dune mole-rat (Bathyergidae: Bathyerginae: Bathyergus suillus (Schreber, 1782)).
Figures 1–6 in Natural history of Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1854 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini) on Arctotheca prostrata (Salisb.) Britten (Asteraceae: Arctotidinae) in South Africa, with a checklist of South African Cassidinae (leaf-mining and tortoise beetles)
Figures 1–6. Arctotheca prostrata (Salisb.) Britten (Asteraceae) in its native habitat, South Africa (photos: S. Adam, September 2021). 1–4) Various sites on the farm Laaiplaats, Mossel Bay. 5) Leaves appear spotted due to beetle feeding damage, farm Laaiplaats. 6) Arctotheca calendula in Australia, showing how successfully these plants overtake bare soil (photo: Stephen D. Hopper).
Figures 21–25 in Natural history of Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1854 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini) on Arctotheca prostrata (Salisb.) Britten (Asteraceae: Arctotidinae) in South Africa, with a checklist of South African Cassidinae (leaf-mining and tortoise beetles)
Figures 21–25. Larva of Cassida sphaerula (photos: S. Adam, September 2021). 21) Young instar with lateral projections called scoli; shield removed to expose paired caudal processes. 22) Older instar (frontal view) with exuvio-fecal shield attached to caudal processes; feces appear dry. 23) Older instar with moist exuvio-fecal shield. 24) Older instar, dorsal view, with feces removed; legs and caudal processes of exuviae of previous instar apparent. 25) Hind end of older larva with dry exuvio-fecal shield. Paired caudal processes of previous instar are exposed, projecting dorsad. The caudal processes of this larva is hidden, stacked within the observable caudal processes.
Figures 16–18 in Natural history of Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1854 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini) on Arctotheca prostrata (Salisb.) Britten (Asteraceae: Arctotidinae) in South Africa, with a checklist of South African Cassidinae (leaf-mining and tortoise beetles)
Figures 16–18. Ootheca and young larvae of Cassida sphaerula (photos: S. Adam, September 2021). 16) Venter of host leaf with two oothecae (arrows) and two instar III with their black exuvio-fecal shields. 17) Ootheca (~2 mm long). 18) Ootheca with oval-shaped egg. 19) Two young instar 1 (~2 mm long) with tiny black shield composed entirely of its own feces. 20) Mature instar 1 with larger shield (reared from Fig. 19).
Optically measured mean leaf traits from a large set of taxa growing in two botanical gardens: in the French Alps and southern Finland
<p>This dataset contains records of the optically measured mean leaf traits (adaxial flavonol & anthocyanin index and chlorophyll index, units are an optical index of leaf/epidermal relative absorbance) from a large set of plant taxa growing at alpine botanical garden at the Joseph Fourier Field Station (Université Grenoble Alps, France; 2100 m a.s.l.; 45°2' 9" N, 6°23' 59" E) and at Kumpula Botanical Garden (LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Finland; 14 m a.s.l.; 60° 12' 7" N, 24° 57' 26" E;). Optical measurements were made during the summers of 2014 and 2015 with a leaf-clip Dualex Scientific + (Force-A, Paris-Orsay, France) and all detailed information about the methods are published in Hartikainen and Robson, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1058162. This dataset also includes spectrophotometer measurements of absorbance by phenolic compounds in leaf extracts in acidified methanol (abs range 290-400 nm) and mini-PAM measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence from different subsets of taxa at alpine botanical garden. All details concerning these data are given in Hartikainen and Robson (doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1058162) and its Supplementary Materials. Sheet with explanation of the different variables is also included.</p>
Data from: Specific leaf area is lower on ultramafic than on neighbouring non-ultramafic soils
<p>These are datasets in csv format for ultramafic and non-ultramafic sampling sites where specific leaf area (SLA) was collected in five climatically diverse regions: Puerto Rico (tropical wet), Costa Rica (tropical dry), South Africa (subtropical), California and Lesbos (both with Mediterranean climate). The datasets include plant species level mean SLA values, regional coordinates, regional climate data, bioclimatic variables for individual sites, and a joined dataset that includes site level coordinates and climate variables. The R script to reproduce all analyses and figures is also included.</p>
Tropical cyclones facilitate recovery of forest leaf area from dry spells in East Asia
<p>This online repository copies the source code and the download link of the input data for the research work of analyzing forest leaf area change due to the TC activities in the west pacific ocean basin. </p> <p><strong>TC Track data, mask, climate reanalysis, leaf area, ERA5 (wind speed, surface pressure data), and SPEI dataset: </strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/YizTR8HPR">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/YizTR8HPR</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>File size: 373G</p> <p><strong>The path for downloading the source code/script for analyzing the LAI changes:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/JC2AGt9Kh">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/JC2AGt9Kh</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>File size: 880M</p> <p><strong>Data table for all events used in this study:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/MqA4YFBHk">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/MqA4YFBHk</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>Filesize:824K</p>
Leaf gene expression trajectories during the growing season are consistent between sites and years in American beech
<p>Transcriptomics, the quantification of gene expression, provides a versatile tool for ecological monitoring. Here, we show that through genome-guided profiling of transcripts mapping to 33,042 loci, gene expression differences can be discerned among multi-year and seasonal leaf samples collected from American beech trees at two latitudinally separated sites. Despite a bottleneck imposed due to large-scale post-Columbian deforestation, the SNP-based population genetic background analysis has yielded sufficient variation to account for differences between populations and among individuals. Our time series of expression analyses during spring-summer and summer-fall transitions for two consecutive years involved 4197 differentially expressed protein coding genes. A global comparison of 12 seasons has revealed that spring gene expression sets the pace for the rest of the growing season. Using \textit{Populus} orthologs of the differentially expressed genes, we reconstructed a protein-protein interactome as a representation of the leaf physiological states of trees during the seasonal transitions. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed GO terms that highlight molecular functions and biological processes possibly influenced by abiotic forcings such as recovery from drought and response to excess precipitation. Further, based on 324 co-regulated transcripts, we focused on a subset of terms that could be putatively attributed to phenological shifts due to late spring. Our conservative results indicate that extended transcriptome-based monitoring of forests can capture ranges of responses arising from other factors including air quality, chronic disease as well as herbivore outbreaks that require activation and/or downregulation of genes collectively tuning reaction norms needed for the survival of long living trees such as the American beech.</p>
Text-fig. 2. Light micrographs of Pinus spp. cuticles prepared with the modified, gentle bleaching procedure. a: Cuticle 1, Pinus sp. 1. Nearly the entire width of the leaf has been preserved. Five parallel rows of stomata are visible. b: Cuticle 1, close-up of (a). Two guard cells are visible around each stoma. c: Cuticle 1, close-up of eight stomata. Two guard cells and eight subsidiary cells are visible around each stoma. d: Cuticle 2, Pinus sp. 2. Some folding of the cuticle occurred during preparation, but many parallel rows of stomata on both sides of a thin, central midvein are evident. e: Cuticle 2, close-up of (d). Pairs of guard cells surround each stoma. f: Cuticle 2, close-up of (e). Subsidiary and epithelial cells can be observed around the stomata. in A Modified, Step-By-Step Procedure For The Gentle Bleaching Of Delicate Fossil Leaf Cuticles
Text-fig. 2. Light micrographs of Pinus spp. cuticles prepared with the modified, gentle bleaching procedure. a: Cuticle 1, Pinus sp. 1. Nearly the entire width of the leaf has been preserved. Five parallel rows of stomata are visible. b: Cuticle 1, close-up of (a). Two guard cells are visible around each stoma. c: Cuticle 1, close-up of eight stomata. Two guard cells and eight subsidiary cells are visible around each stoma. d: Cuticle 2, Pinus sp. 2. Some folding of the cuticle occurred during preparation, but many parallel rows of stomata on both sides of a thin, central midvein are evident. e: Cuticle 2, close-up of (d). Pairs of guard cells surround each stoma. f: Cuticle 2, close-up of (e). Subsidiary and epithelial cells can be observed around the stomata.
Text-fig. 1. Zamites pateri J.KVAČEK sp. nov.; Pecínov locality, holotype, No. NM-F 5185. a: Holotype overview showing fragment of simply pinnate leaf, scale bar 20 mm. b: Abaxial cuticle showing costal and intercostal scale zones and stomata in ill-defined rows, LM micro-photograph, scale bar 100 µm. c: Pinnule detail showing venation pattern, scale bar 5 mm. d: Abaxial cuticle showing costal and intercostal zones, LM micro-photograph, scale bar 500 µm. e: Fragmentary preserved adaxial cuticle showing in New Species Of Zamites From The Cenomanian Of The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin
Text-fig. 1. Zamites pateri J.KVAČEK sp. nov.; Pecínov locality, holotype, No. NM-F 5185. a: Holotype overview showing fragment of simply pinnate leaf, scale bar 20 mm. b: Abaxial cuticle showing costal and intercostal scale zones and stomata in ill-defined rows, LM micro-photograph, scale bar 100 µm. c: Pinnule detail showing venation pattern, scale bar 5 mm. d: Abaxial cuticle showing costal and intercostal zones, LM micro-photograph, scale bar 500 µm. e: Fragmentary preserved adaxial cuticle showing
Text-fig. 1. Step-by-step, modified procedure for the gentle preparation of delicate Miocene conifer cuticles for microscopy. in A Modified, Step-By-Step Procedure For The Gentle Bleaching Of Delicate Fossil Leaf Cuticles
Text-fig. 1. Step-by-step, modified procedure for the gentle preparation of delicate Miocene conifer cuticles for microscopy.
Datasets of sap flow, meteorological, leaf gas measurements in urban green areas in Helsinki
<p>Datasets of sap flow, meteorological, leaf gas measurements used in the manuscript “Sap flow and leaf gas exchange response to drought and heatwave in urban green spaces in a Nordic city”. Data contains cleaned half-hourly sap flow data and half-hourly meteorological datasets (Tair, Tsoil, RH, soil temperature, soil moisture) at four different urban green areas in Helsinki.</p> <p>Manual measurements of leaf gas exchanges using GFS instruments. Datasets contains mainly the Amax parameters derived from curve fitting and instantaneous values of G and E at PAR 1100 W m<sup>-2</sup>.</p> <p>Folders contain:</p> <ul> <li>Leaf gas exchange data <ul> <li>Leaf_gas_data_all_v2.csv</li> <li>Metadata_leaf gas exchange data.csv</li> </ul> </li> <li>Meteo data <ul> <li>Meteo_Forest_data_30min.csv</li> <li>Meteo_Orchard_data_30min.csv</li> <li>Meteo_Park_data_30min.csv</li> <li>Meteo_Street_data_30min.csv</li> <li>Metainfo_meteo.xlsx</li> </ul> </li> <li>Sap flow data <ul> <li>Sap_Forest_30min_cleaned.csv</li> <li>Sap_Orchard_30min_cleaned.csv</li> <li>Sap_Park_30min_cleaned.csv</li> <li>Sap_Street_30min_cleaned.csv</li> <li>Metadata_info_sap.csv</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Dataset: Variation in leaf reflectance spectra across the California flora partitioned by evolutionary history, geographic origin, and deep time
<p>We collected leaf reflectance data from plants in a common garden where plants from across California are grown. We focused on 10 regions of the California Floristic Province represented at the Regional Parks Botanic Garden (RPBG). During the summer of 2020 and the early-fall of 2021, we visited RPBG with a back-pack spectroradiometer (ASD Fieldspec 4 and Fieldspec Pro) with an attached leaf clip and plant probe with its own light source (part number A122327). From each accessible plant we collected leaf-level reflectance spectra (380 to 2500 nm, 3 nm in the VNIR, 10 nm in the SWIR) from ~3 representative leaves). This dataset includes 631 region-by-species mean leaf-level reflectance spectra, both in raw reflectance as well as subjected to Continuum Removal. </p>
Chromosome-scale genome assembly and insights into the metabolome and gene regulation of leaf color transition in an important oak species, Quercus dentata
<p><em>Quercus dentata</em> Thunb., a dominant forest tree species in northern China, has significant ecological and ornamental value due to its adaptability and beautiful autumn coloration, with color changes from green to yellow into red resulting from the autumnal shifts in leaf pigmentation. However, the key genes and molecular regulatory mechanisms for leaf color transition remain to be investigated. First, we presented a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly for <em>Q. dentata</em>. This 893.54 Mb sized genome (contig N50=4.21 Mb, scaffold N50=75.55 Mb; 2n=24) harbors 31,584 protein-coding genes. Second, our metabolome analyses uncovered pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the main pigments involved in leaf color transition. Third, gene co-expression further identified the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcription activation complex as central to anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation. Notably, transcription factor (TF) <em>QdNAC </em>(<em>QD08G038820</em>) was highly co-expressed with this MBW complex and may regulate anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence through direct interaction with another TF, <em>QdMYB </em>(<em>QD01G020890</em>), as revealed by our further protein-protein and DNA-protein interaction assays. Our high-quality genome assembly, metabolome and transcriptome resources further enrich <em>Quercus </em>genomics, and will facilitate upcoming exploration of ornamental values and environmental adaptability in this important genus.</p>
Data - Krieg et al. (2023) Functional Traits and Trait Co-ordination Change Over the Life of a Leaf in a Tropical Fern Species. AJB.
<p>Summary of the data set used in Krieg et al. (2023) Functional Traits and Trait Co-ordination Change Over the Life of a Leaf in a Tropical Fern Species. AJB.</p>
Fig. 5 Drosera burkeana Planch. a. Leaf shape with a in Synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Fig. 5 Drosera burkeana Planch. a. Leaf shape with a linear petiole that broadens abruptly into the suborbicular to spathulate lamina; b. general morphology: acaulescent, leaves in a rosette and laterally arising, glandular-pubescent inflorescences; c. distribution (grey) according to the literature; d. province map of Angola and DRC with localities of examined herbarium specimens; e. pollen occurs in tetrads with echinate, narrowly conical sculpture elements in high density. — Scale bars: a = 1 cm; b = 2 cm; e = 10 µm.
Vertical plant profiles for Dassenbos (NL, 2014-2018, TLS); Wytham Woods (UK, 2022, LEAF) & Northern Australia (2021-2022, LEAF)
<p>This dataset was described and used for the analysis of the following publication:<br> <em>StrucNet: A global network for automated vegetation structure monitoring. Brede, B., Newnham, G., Culvenor, D., Armston, J., Bartholomeus, H., Griebel, A., Hayward, J., Junttila, S., Lau, A., Levick, S., Morrone, R., Origo, N., Pfeifer, M., Verbesselt, J. & Herold, M. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation (accepted)</em></p> <p><strong>Any use of this dataset should cite the paper above </strong>(Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License).</p> <p>Contact: kim.calders@ugent.be</p> <p> </p> <p>================================================<br> Dataset<br> ================================================</p> <p>1) TLS vertical plant profiles Dassenbos. Five-year dynamics of forest structure for the four sampling locations in Dassenbos. Data were collected using the same measurement protocol and data analysis using https://www.pylidar.org/ as described in Calders et al. (2015) using a zenith range of 35-70 degrees for 184-186 (some scans were discarded for quality purposes) measurement days during the period from February 2014 to November 2018. The data repository contains the vertical plant profiles and plotting code (Fig 1 in paper)</p> <p>2) One-year dynamics of vegetation structure for a tropical savanna site in Northern Australia (Fig 2 in paper) and Wytham Woods (Fig 3 in paper). The data repository contains the vertical plant profiles derived from LEAF data and plotting code.</p>
Global dataset for "Global leaf-trait mapping based on optimality theory "
<p>This repository contains Global data used for “<em>Global leaf-trait mapping based on optimality theory</em><strong>” </strong>published in GEB.</p> <ol> <li>Global_Maps_SLA represents climatology of published Global SLA used for comparison (details products see table 1 and figure 4).</li> <li>Global_Maps_Na represents climatology of published Global Narea used for comparison (details see table 1 and figure 4).</li> <li>Global_Maps_Nmass represents climatology of published Global Nmass used for comparison (details see table 1 and figure 4).</li> <li>TS_SLA is simulated time-series of <em>SLA</em> based on optimality theories from 1992 to 2015</li> <li>TS_Na is simulated time-series of <em>Narea </em>based on optimality theories from 1992 to 2015</li> <li>TS_Nmass is simulated time-series of <em>Nmass </em>based on optimality theories<em> </em> from 1992 to 2015</li> <li>TS_LMA_decidudous is simulated time-series of deciduous <em>LMA</em> based on optimality theories from 1982 to 2016</li> <li>TS_LMA_evergreen is simulated time-series of evergreen <em>LMA</em> based on optimality theories from 1982 to 2016</li> <li>TS_Vcmax25 is simulated time-series of Vcmax25 based on optimality theories from 1982 to 2016</li> </ol>
Datasets related to agroinoculation and transmission experiments with Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Spain Strain between zucchini cv. Milenio and Ecballium elaterium plants by Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci MED whiteflies
<p>These datasets support the data provided directly in the scientific publication titled "Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Spain Strain Is Not Transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Is Inefficiently Transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean between Zucchini and the Wild Cucurbit Ecballium elaterium", published in the <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/4/384">Insects journal</a>. </p> <p>The figure included in the datasets highlights agroinoculation experiments with tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Spain strain using different source plant–target plant–whitefly species combinations. ToLCNDV (DNA-A and DNA-B) was detected by molecular hybridization after tissue printing on nylon membranes using specific digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes for each viral component. (<strong>A</strong>) Prints of zucchini plants inoculated using Trialeurodes vaporariorum (T. v.) or Bemisia tabaci MED (B. t.) as a vector and infected zucchini plants as the virus source. (<strong>B</strong>) Prints of Ecballium elaterium plants using B. t. as a vector and infected zucchini plants as the virus source. (<strong>C</strong>) Prints of zucchini plants using B. t. as a vector and infected E. elaterium plants as the virus source. Blots from one of the two independent experiments (Experiment 1 in the Table) carried out for each source plant–target plant–whitefly species combination are shown. Prints of ToLCNDV-infected zucchini plants included as positive controls are outlined with red squares.</p> <p>The table included in the datasets show the results of transmission experiments of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Spain strain between zucchini cv. Milenio and Ecballium elaterium plants by Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci MED. Infection was determined by tissue-printing and molecular hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled ToLCNDV DNA-A and DNA-B probes. Blots from experiment (Exp.) 1 of each source plant–target plant–whitefly species combination are shown in the Figure.</p> <p>The provided datasets are further discussed and interpreted in detail, as well as their subsequent results, in the scientific publication.</p> <p>This research was conducted within the VIRTIGATION project, which is part of the EU Open Research Data pilot. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101000570.</p>
Data from: Geographical variation of Artemisia leaf morphology along a large environmental gradient in China
<p>We collected 60 species of <em>Artemisia</em> from 81 sampling sites in 15 provinces in China from the end of July to August 2018. At each site, we recorded latitude and longitude. Then we identified all<em> Artemisia</em> species and randomly sampled 4 plants for each species. A total of 1,041 plants were sampled. In the laboratory, 10 leaves in the middle of each plant were selected and detached. Because light might have effect on leaf morphology, we only used sun exposed leaves. The leaves were soaked in distilled water for 24 h to fully restore their shapes. After blotted-dried, leaves were place as petiole to the left and tip to the right, and an Epson V370 (Seiko Epson Corp., Nagano, Japan) was used to scan the leaves at a resolution of 600 DPI. </p> <p>We set 40 landmarks along the blade edge on each leaf. The first point was set at the petiole and the 21st point at the tip, and these two points were defined as landmarks. The remaining points were evenly distributed at the blade edge and defined as semilandmarks. Landmarks were saved in tps format using Geomorph package.</p>
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