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5,666 results for “Social”
Figure 3 from: Kotvitska A, Prokopenko O (2020) Determination of social and economic accessibility of drugs for treatment of Parkinson's disease on the basis of modern approaches. Pharmacia 67(4): 215-221. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e46586
Figure 3 The dynamics of the indicator of the availability of foreign and domestic medicines for the pensioners.
Figure 2 from: Kotvitska A, Prokopenko O (2020) Determination of social and economic accessibility of drugs for treatment of Parkinson's disease on the basis of modern approaches. Pharmacia 67(4): 215-221. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e46586
Figure 2 The dynamics of the indicator of the availability of foreign and domestic medicines for the working population.
Figure 1 from: Kotvitska A, Prokopenko O (2020) Determination of social and economic accessibility of drugs for treatment of Parkinson's disease on the basis of modern approaches. Pharmacia 67(4): 215-221. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e46586
Figure 1 Algorithm for conducting studies to determine the social and economic affordability of medicines for the treatment of PD.
Revealing the Social Aspects of Design Decay: A Retrospective Study of Pull Requests.
<p>Video presentation of the paper Revealing the Social Aspects of Design Decay: A Retrospective Study of Pull Requests for the SBES 2020.</p>
Teaching UML Models with FLOSS Projects: A study carried out during the period of social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic
<p>Software Engineering Education must include professional practice experiences so that students are able to specify, design, implement, maintain and evaluate computer systems, using appropriate theories, practices and tools. However, teaching Software Engineering (SE) principles, concepts and practices and relating them to real-world scenarios are challenging tasks. The adoption of Free/Libre/Open-Source Software (FLOSS) projects can assist in facing these challenges. This paper presents an experience report on the pedagogical use of FLOSS projects in a SE course, in the context of social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The course was fully virtualized, with supporting tools such as Google Classroom, Google Meet, Github, Padlet and Trello, and modeled after an instructional design based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive learning objectives. FLOSS projects were used in the context of software modeling activities with UML class, sequence and activity diagrams. An online survey with twenty-six (26) students and an interview with the instructor were conducted to collect their perceptions about such experience. Results showed that most students (i) agreed that the instructional methods addressed the knowledge, comprehension and application levels in a satisfactory way; (ii) were satisfied in working with real software projects developed by others; and (iii) liked the developed activities and the tools used in the classes. The instructor and students (iv) missed face-to-face activities; and (v) agreed that the instructional design could be used in future face-to-face SE classes.</p>
Data from social learning development, during COVID-19 how international students use media platforms as crowdsource technology to solve learning difficulties
<p>This study lens cannot detach mobile-learning communication from efficient broadband, during social distance protocol, for continuous learning. The study aims to self-actualized knowledge-sourcing among individuals in an interconnected cluster of multi-community platforms. Crowdsource is characterized by a communication science perspective using mobile-learning in groups and/or clusters. Integrated TPB and Bandura's Social Learning Theory (SLT) induced and investigated 361 respondents, stratified of students, teachers, and researchers during the COVID-19. The IBM Amos v. 25 for the analysis found R² = 0.92 and (65.4, 34.6) for male and female demographic respectively. Results found significant direct and indirect Attitude, Self-learner usefulness, and crowdsource were positive to actual performance. Where broadband moderated on mobile learning behavior run-up significantly. Mobile learning mediation gives in magnificent interactive operation. Generally, crowdsource at the individual level enhanced collaborated problem-solving tasks pro-COVID-19. An Individual's sourcing knowledge is a creative task and timely routine learning in any critical period. Results suggested mobility of learning makes a mountain of molehills in knowledge interactivity among learners in groups. Therefore, encourages the clustering of network learning, easing learning, through effective broadband social intervention phenomena.</p>
Data and code from: Growth strategies of a model picoplankter depend on social milieu and pCO2
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Aquatic microbial primary producers exist in genetically diverse populations, but are often studied as single lineages, so that interpreting single lineage studies relies critically on understanding how microbial growth differs with social milieu. The properties of lineages grown alone often fail to predict the growth of these same lineages in the presence of conspecifics, and this discrepancy points towards an opportunity to improve our understanding of how multilineage assemblages of a species are shaped. We demonstrate that different lineages of a marine picoplankter modulate their lineage growth rate in response to the presence of non-self conspecifics, even when resource competition is effectively absent. This explains why growth rates of lineages in isolation do not reliably predict their growth rates in mixed culture, or the lineage composition of assemblages. The diversity of growth strategies observed are thus consistent with lineage-specific energy-allocation that depends on social milieu. Since lineage growth is only one of many traits determining fitness in natural assemblages, we propose that in all but the poorest quality environments where allocating maximum energy to growth is the only viable strategy, we should expect intraspecific variation in growth strategies, with more strategies possible in ameliorated environments, such as high CO<sub>2</sub> for many marine picoplankton. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Kinship does not predict the structure of a shark social network
<p>Genetic relatedness in animal societies is often a factor that drives the structure of social groups. In the marine world, most studies which have investigated this question have focused on marine mammals such as whales and dolphins. For sharks, recent studies have demonstrated preferential associations among individuals from which social communities emerge. Assortment patterns have been found according to phenotypic or behavioural traits but the role of genetic relatedness in shaping the social structure of adult shark populations has, to the best our knowledge, never been investigated. Here, we used a social network analysis crossed with DNA microsatellite genotyping to investigate the role of the genetic relatedness in the social structure of a blacktip reef shark (<i>Carcharhinus melanopterus</i>) population. Based on data from 156 groups of sharks, we used generalized affiliation indices to isolate social preferences from non-social associations, controlling for the contribution of sex, size, gregariousness, spatial and temporal overlap on social associations, to test for the influence of genetic relatedness on social structure. A double permutation procedure was employed to confirm our results and account for issues arising from potentially elevated type I and type II error rates. Kinship was not a predictor of associations and affiliations among sharks at the dyad or community levels as individuals tended to associate independently of the genetic relatedness among them. The lack of parental care in this species may contribute to the breakdown of family links in the population early in life, thereby preventing the formation of kin-based social networks.</p>
Social contact data for Thailand
<p>Social contact data of migrant workers in urban settings in Thailand</p>
Data from: Social interactions do not drive territory aggregation in a grassland songbird
<p>Understanding the drivers of animal distributions is a fundamental goal of ecology and informs habitat management. The costs and benefits of colonial aggregations in animals are well established, but the factors leading to aggregation in territorial animals remain unclear. Territorial animals might aggregate to facilitate social behavior such as (1) group defense from predators and/or parasites, (2) cooperative care of offspring, (3) extra-pair mating, and/or (4) mitigating costs of extra-pair mating through kin selection. Using experimental and observational methods, we tested predictions of all four hypotheses in a tallgrass prairie in NE Kansas, USA. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) males formed clumps of territories in some parts of the site while leaving other apparently suitable areas unoccupied. Despite substantial sampling effort (653 territories and 223 nests), we found no support for any hypothesized social driver of aggregation, nor evidence that aggregation increases nest success. Our results run counter to previous evidence that conspecific interactions shape territory distributions. These results suggest one of the following alternatives: (1) the benefits of aggregation accrue to different life history stages, or (2) the benefits of territory aggregation may be too small to detect in short-term studies and/or the consequences of aggregation are sufficiently variable over time and space that they do not always appear to be locally adaptive.</p> <p> </p>
Consecuencias del distanciamiento Social
<p>Este viernes en "Foro Abierto” hablamos sobre las Consecuencias del distanciamiento Social junto al Ph. D. Isidro Marín Gutiérrez, docente de la Sección de Comunicación y Tecnologías de la UTPL ny el Ph. D. Eduardo Henríquez Mendoza, docente y experto en Antropología Social y Cultural de la UNL</p>
Estimating social-ecological resilience: fire management futures in the Sonoran Desert
Resilience quantifies the ability of a system to remain in or return to its current state following disturbance. Due to inconsistent terminology and usage of resilience frameworks, quantitative resilience studies are challenging, and resilience is often treated as an abstract concept rather than a measurable system characteristic. We used a novel, spatially-explicit stakeholder engagement process to quantify social-ecological resilience to fire, in light of modeled social-ecological fire risk, across the non-fire-adapted Sonoran Desert Ecosystem in Arizona, USA. Depending on its severity and the characteristics of the ecosystem, fire as a disturbance has the potential to drive ecological state change. As a result, fire regime change is of increasing concern as global change and management legacies alter the distribution and flammability of fuels. Because management and use decisions impact resources and ecological processes, social and ecological factors must be evaluated together to predict resilience to fire. We found highest fire risk in the central and eastern portions of the study area, where flammable fuels occur with greater density and frequency and managers reported fewer management resources than in other locations. We found lowest fire resilience in the southeastern portion of the study area, where combined ecological and social factors, including abundant fuels, few management resources, and little evidence of past institutional adaptability, indicated that sites were least likely to retain their current characteristics and permit achievement of current management objectives. Analyzing ecological and social characteristics together permits regional managers to predict the effects of changing fire regimes across large, multi-jurisdictional landscapes and to consider where to direct resources. This study brought social and ecological factors together into a common spatial framework to produce vulnerability maps; our methods may inform researchers and managers in other systems facing novel disturbance and spatially-variable resilience.
Multi year social stability and social information use in reef sharks with diel fission-fusion dynamics: Raw acoustic detection
<p><span>Animals across vertebrate taxa form social communities and often exist as fission-fusion societies. Central place foragers (CPF) may form social groups, from which they will predictably disperse to forage, either individually or in smaller groups, before returning to fuse with the larger group. However, the function and stability of social associations in predatory fish acting as CPFs is unknown, as individuals do not need to return to a shelter, yet show fidelity to core areas. Using dynamic social networks generated from acoustic tracking data, we document spatially structured sociality in CPF grey reef sharks at a Pacific Ocean atoll. We show that sharks form stable, social groups over multi-year periods, with some dyadic associations consistent for up to four years. Groups primarily formed during the day, increasing in group size before sharks dispersed from the reef to forage at night. Our simulations suggest that multiple individuals sharing a central place and using social information while foraging (i.e. local enhancement), will outperform non-CPF social foragers. We show multiyear social stability in sharks and suggest that social foraging with information transfer could provide a generalisable mechanism for the emergence of sociality with group central place foraging.</span></p>
Social status, forest disturbance, and Barred Owls shape long-term trends in breeding dispersal distance of Northern Spotted Owls
<p>Dispersal among breeding sites in territorial animals (i.e. breeding dispersal) is driven by numerous selection pressures, including competition and spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality. The scale and trend of dispersal movements over time may signal changing conditions within the population or on the landscape. We examined 2,158 breeding dispersal events from 694 male and 608 female individually-marked Northern Spotted Owls (<i>Strix occidentalis caurina</i>) monitored over 28 years on seven study areas to assess the relative importance of individual (sex, experience), reproductive (annual productivity, mate availability), and environmental (forest alteration, presence of competitor) sources of variation in breeding dispersal distance. Median breeding dispersal distance was 3.17 km, with 99% of all breeding dispersal events less than 37 km. Mean annual dispersal distances increased by 2.43 km in Oregon and 9.40 km in Washington between 1990 and 2017, which coincided with increases in annual detections of non-native Barred Owl (<i>S. varia</i>). Frequency of breeding dispersal events, both among and within individuals, also increased over time. Female owls moved farther than males (median of 3.26 km and 3.10 km respectively), and birds with less experience (territory tenure) moved farther than those with more experience. Owls that were single in the year prior to dispersal moved 13–31% farther than those paired prior to dispersal. The greatest environmental change occurring over the course of our study was the expansion of Barred Owl populations. Breeding dispersal distance was positively related to Barred Owls in the study area and disturbance within the originating territory. While it appears that social factors continue to be important drivers of breeding dispersal distance in Spotted Owls, increased competition from Barred Owls and habitat alteration have a contributing effect. Increased breeding dispersal distances should be of concern for conservation efforts and considered in population monitoring because changing dispersal behavior may lead to higher rates of mortality and/or emigration from historic study areas.</p>
Ecological and social constraints combine to promote evolution of non-breeding strategies in clownfish
<p><span>Individuals that forgo their own reproduction in animal societies represent an evolutionary paradox because it is not immediately apparent how natural selection can preserve the genes that underlie non-breeding strategies. Cooperative breeding theory provides a solution to the paradox: non-breeders benefit by helping relatives and/or inheriting breeding positions;<sup> </sup>non-breeders do not disperse to breed elsewhere because of ecological constraints. However, the question of why non-breeders do not contest to breed within their group has rarely been addressed. Here, we use a wild population of clownfish (<i>Amphiprion percula</i>), where non-breeders wait peacefully for years to inherit breeding positions, to show non-breeders will disperse when ecological constraints (risk of mortality during dispersal) are experimentally weakened. In addition, we show non-breeders will contest when social constraints (risk of eviction during contest) are experimentally relaxed. Our results show it is the combination of ecological and social constraints that promote the evolution of non-breeding strategies. The findings highlight parallels between, and potential for fruitful exchange between, cooperative breeding theory and economic bargaining theory: individuals will forgo their own reproduction and wait peacefully to inherit breeding positions (engage in cooperative options) when there are harsh ecological constraints (poor outside options) and harsh social constraints (poor inside options). </span></p>
Social cues of a robot and cognitive control
<p>The data presented here are reported in Ciardo & Wykowska 2020 submitted to Jornal of Cognition. <br> Please refer to that paper for context and method. We intend to upload the raw data shortly, which until then will be available upon request.</p> <p>The file includes Correct mean reaction times.</p>
The (limited) power of social behaviour
<p>3<sup><sub>rd</sub></sup> Lecture</p>
Expert VIsion Chat - Social Media Issues, Challenges and Requirements
<p>Expert VIsion Chat - Social Media Issues, Challenges and Requirements. We took questions from end users across Europe, US and India</p>
Social media posts of child abductions in Tibet, summer 2015
<p>This is a small, non-representative selection of social media posts that appeared on WeChat and Weibo during the summer of 2015, circulating rumors of child abductions and organ harvesting in various Tibetan communities in the People’s Republic of China. Faces have been obscured to protect the identities of people in the images. </p>
Preventive behaviours during the pandemic: the role of collective rituals, emotional synchrony, social norms, and moral obligation
<p>One of the main challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic is that it has necessitated a series of behavioural changes designed to stop the spread of the disease. This study focuses on collective processes with a social influence and intra-individual processes, as factors which mould preventive behaviours among Spanish citizens (<em>N</em> = 528). Using an on-line survey, we explored the impact of the ritual of collective applause (carried out daily for over 70 days), the role of perceived social norms in fostering preventive behaviours, and the mediating power of perceived emotional synchrony and a sense of moral obligation, as intra-individual processes. The dependent variables were preventive behaviours carried out in the past and intention to continue engaging in them in the future. </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.