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1,552 results for “patch”
Data from: Impacts of habitat on butterfly dispersal in tropical forests, parks and grassland patches embedded in an urban landscape
<p>Dispersal distances of 17 species of butterflies in tropical Singapore were significantly greater in forest than in urban habitat. Butterflies in urban plots frequently moved within suitable habitat (park/grassland) patches but rarely crossed non-habitat patches suggesting potential isolation and a need for urban corridors.</p>
The dataset of the paper titled "Context-Aware Code Change Embedding for Better Patch Correctness Assessment"
<p>The dataset of the paper titled "Context-Aware Code Change Embedding for Better Patch Correctness Assessment".</p> <p>This is the online repository of the paper "Context-Aware Code Change Embedding for Better Patch Correctness Assessment" under review by ASE2021. We release the source code of Cache, the patches used in our evaluation, as well as the experiment results.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Patches: Two patch benchmarks included in our study.</p> <ul> <li>Small: The 1,183 deduplicated patches from Tian's <a href="https://conf.researchr.org/details/ase-2020/ase-2020-papers/3/Evaluating-Representation-Learning-of-Code-Changes-for-Predicting-Patch-Correctness-i">ASE20</a> paper and Wang's <a href="https://conf.researchr.org/details/ase-2020/ase-2020-papers/54/Automated-Patch-Correctness-Assessment-How-Far-are-We-">ASE20</a> paper.</li> <li>Large: The patches collected by ourselves, which is consist of totally 49,694 patches from <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3338906.3338911">RepairThemAll</a> and <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3379597.3387491">ManySStuBs</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Results</p> <ul> <li> <p>RQ1: The detailed result files in RQ1, which are named by the format of <em><code>[model]_[classifier].csv</code></em>. For example, the file named <em><code>BERT_DT.csv</code></em> in the folder <em><code>Small</code></em> means that this file is the result of patches from <strong>Small</strong> dataset embedded by <strong>BERT</strong> and classified by <strong>Decision Tree</strong>.</p> <ul> <li>Small: The detailed result files on Small dataset.</li> <li>Large: The detailed result files on Large dataset.</li> <li> <p>Cross: The detailed result files of representation learning techniques when training on Large dataset and testing on Small dataset.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>RQ2: The detailed result files in RQ2.</p> <ul> <li>Wang_Cache.csv: The detailed result of Cache on the dataset from Wang's <a href="https://conf.researchr.org/details/ase-2020/ase-2020-papers/54/Automated-Patch-Correctness-Assessment-How-Far-are-We-">ASE20</a> paper.</li> <li> <p>ODS_Cache.csv: The datailed result of Cache on the dataset from Xiong's <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3180155.3180182">ICSE18</a> paper. We directly compare against the results reported by the authors of ODS on 139 patches from Xiong's paper since the data and source code of ODS is unavailable.</p> </li> <li> <p>Table_5_Effectiveness_APCA.xlsx: The detailed version of <strong>Table 5</strong> in the paper.</p> </li> <li> <p>Table_6_Effectiveness_ODS.xlsx: The detailed version of <strong>Table 6</strong> in the paper.</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li>Source: The source code and lib for running Cache. Guidance for replicating our study is available at <em><code>source/Readme.md</code></em>. We will build a homepage for Cache on GitHub upon acceptance.</li> </ul>
Data from: Exploiting the richest patch has a fitness pay-off for the migratory swift parrot
1. Unlike philopatric migrants, the ecology of nomadic migrants is less well understood. This life-history strategy reflects responses to spatiotemporal variation in resource availability and the need to find resource rich patches to initiate breeding. The fitness consequences of movements between regions of patchily distributed resources can provide insight into ecology of all migrants and their responses to global change. 2. We link broad-scale data on spatiotemporal fluctuation in food availability to data on settlement patterns and fitness outcomes for a nomadic migrant, the endangered swift parrot Lathamus discolor. We test several predictions to determine whether facultative movements are adaptive for individual swift parrots in an environment where resources are patchily distributed over time and space. 3. Variation in the availability of swift parrot food resources across our study period was dramatic. As a consequence, swift parrots moved to breed wherever food was most abundant and did not resettle nesting regions in successive years when food availability declined. By moving, swift parrots exploited a variable food resource and reproduced successfully. 4. Exploiting the richest patches allowed swift parrots to maintain stable fitness outcomes between discrete breeding events at different locations. Unlike sedentary species that often produce few or lower quality offspring when food is scarce, nomadic migration buffered swift parrots against extreme environmental variation. 5. We provide the first detailed evidence that facultative movements and nomadic migration are adaptive for individuals in unpredictable environments. Our data support the widely held assumption that nomadic migration allows animals to escape resource limitation.
Data from: Dispersal mode mediates the effect of patch size and patch connectivity on metacommunity diversity
1. Metacommunity theory predicts that increasing patch size and patch connectivity can alter local species diversity by affecting either colonization rates, extinction rates or both. Although species' dispersal abilities or 'dispersal mode' (e.g. gravity-, wind- or animal-dispersed seeds) can mediate the effects of patch size and connectivity on diversity, these important factors are frequently overlooked in empirical metacommunity work. 2. We use a natural metacommunity of aspen stands within a grassland matrix to determine whether dispersal mode alters the influence of stand size and connectivity on understorey plant diversity. We sampled the same area in each patch, controlled for the presence of matrix species in aspen stands, and tested for the effects of size, connectivity and dispersal mode on metacommunity richness. Because dispersal groups responded differently to patch size and connectivity, we created a null model and assessed ungulate activity to explore whether competitive dynamics or herbivory were driving diversity patterns. 3. Animal-dispersed species and species with no dispersal aid had higher diversity per unit area in larger stands, likely because large stands can both support larger populations that are less prone to extinction and may also attract seed-dispersing animals such as birds and small mammals that are sensitive to edge effects. Consistent with other empirical work, we found a positive relationship between diversity and connectivity for wind-dispersed species. However, we detected a negative effect of stand connectivity on the diversity of species with no dispersal aid, possibly due to the presence of other highly competitive species groups dominating well-connected patches, as our null model results suggest. We found no evidence for higher ungulate activity in highly connected patches, suggesting that herbivory may not be driving the decline in diversity of plants with no dispersal aid. 4. Synthesis. Overall, we see a positive effect of stand area on diversity for most groups despite sampling equal area in all stands, which is a prediction of metacommunity theory that is normally overlooked. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering variation in the dispersal modes of focal species for explaining the diversity patterns of natural metacommunities.
Data from: Does white tail patch size indicate quality in male Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea)
Within species of birds, variation in plumage may allow potential mates or competitive rivals to quickly assess the quality of an individual. Little is known about the role of white tail feather patches ("tail white") in male Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea) and whether variation in patch size could serve as a signal. We hypothesized that the size of tail white patches in males acts as an honest signal of quality, with larger white patches indicating high quality males. We measured and compared the area of tail white to four estimates of quality (age, structural size, body mass, and blood parasite load) in 71 male Cerulean Warblers at the Queen's University Biological Station in eastern Ontario. We found that males 2 years old or older had significantly larger tail white patches than 1 year old males, and that structurally larger males (estimated by wing length) had significantly larger tail white patches than smaller males. Our best-performing statistical model suggested that heavier individuals had larger areas of tail white, but this relationship depended on wing length: white positively covaried with body mass in smaller individuals (shorter wings), but not in larger individuals. Our findings suggest that size of tail white patches may provide information on some, but not all, aspects of quality of male Cerulean Warblers; however, we do not know if this information is perceived and used by other Cerulean Warblers in nature.
Data from: Females facilitate male food patch discovery in a wild fish population
1. Responding to the information provided by others is an important foraging strategy in many species. Through social foraging, individuals can more efficiently find unpredictable resources and thereby increase their foraging success. 2. When individuals are more socially responsive to particular phenotypes than others, however, the advantage they obtain from foraging socially is likely to depend on the phenotype composition of the social environment. We tested this hypothesis by performing experimental manipulations of guppy, Poecilia reticulata, sex compositions in the wild. 3. Males found fewer novel food patches in the absence of females than in mixed-sex compositions, while female patch discovery did not differ regardless of the presence or absence of males. 4. We argue that these results were driven by sex-dependent mechanisms of social association: Markov chain-based fission-fusion modelling revealed that less social individuals found fewer patches and that males reduced sociality when females were absent. In contrast, females were similarly social with or without males. 5. Our findings highlight the relevance of considering how individual and population-level traits interact in shaping the advantages of social foraging in the wild.
Data from: A model for non-equilibrium metapopulation dynamics utilizing data on species occupancy, patch ages and landscape history
1. The distribution pattern of many species reflects the past rather than the current structure of landscapes. Consequently, species are most often not in equilibrium with the current landscape structure. Yet this is a well-known fact, there is no appropriate approach to estimate the colonization rate of non-equilibrium species based on only data on the species occurrence pattern in the landscape. 2. We present an approach to estimate the colonization rate of non-equilibrium metapopulations. The approach requires only data on species presence/absence among its patches (occurrence pattern), data on patch ages and data on the historic distribution of the patches in the landscape. By estimating the past occurrence patterns and colonization events leading to the current pattern of occupied and non-occupied patches, we estimate the colonization rate, including the dispersal kernel. We also show how to estimate effects of local patch conditions and how to include an independent estimate of the local extinction rate based on other data. We use nine epiphytic lichen species confined to beech trees to illustrate the method. 3. Five species had restricted dispersal range, between 200 and 4700 m, and their colonization rate decreased with increasing fragmentation. Species colonization rates were related to niche width. Among the demographic parameters, the force of colonization was more important than the dispersal range in explaining the colonization rates. Local patch conditions did not explain the colonization probability of any species. In metapopulation projections that did not account for restricted dispersal range, higher future metapopulation sizes were projected. 4. Synthesis. The presented approach uses data on only species occurrence, patch age and landscape history to estimate the species colonization rate and dispersal kernel. It can also utilize independent data on local extinction rate. Rather than identifying factors explaining the occurrence pattern, the model estimates the rate of change in the occurrence pattern. This dynamic modelling allows testing general and applied questions on the dynamics or viability of metapopulations of sessile species. The approach is applicable for species whose distribution pattern reflects the past rather than the current landscape structure, e.g. certain epiphytes and ground-floor plants.
Data from: Dominance, gender, and season influence food patch use in a group-living, solitary foraging canid
In patchy environments, foragers adopt different strategies to acquire resources depending on their internal state and external physical and social environment: this has important fitness consequences. Linking individual variation in patch use to tangible characteristics is key to understand many higher-level ecological processes. We studied patch use by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the city of Bristol, UK. We placed camera traps in gardens where householders provisioned foxes (patches) to investigate whether 1) foxes discriminated between patches based on food availability, quantified as provisioning frequency (predictability) and the energy value of provisioned food; and 2) individual patch use varied with dominance, gender, and season. Increased frequency of provisioning encouraged more foxes to visit and to stay longer in patches. All foxes visited the most predictable patches first each day, but females were more selective and generally more efficient foragers than males. Females increased foraging effort during cub rearing, whereas males reduced patch use in the dispersal and mating season. Dominants and subordinates shared patches spatiotemporally, possibly facilitated by relatedness and familiarity between group members. However, dominants visited more food patches on their territory, spent more time in predictable patches and fed earlier than subordinates. Subordinates may compensate for competition by visiting patches of lower quality or outside their territory, which is inefficient and risky. Our results demonstrate gender differences in behavioral motivation, show how subordinates forego foraging efficiency to mitigate intra-group competition and reveal how human provisioning influences fox space use in urban areas.
Bed morphology adjustment under the impact of a near-bank emergent model vegetation patch: implications for urban channel restoration
<p>The dataset (including videos) are uploaded to support the research study <strong>Bed morphology adjustment under the impact of a near-bank emergent model vegetation patch: implications for urban channel restoration</strong> </p>
Data from: Species patch size at seeding affects diversity and productivity responses in establishing grasslands
1. Species interactions in diverse plant communities affect community-scale functions such as above-ground biomass production, diversity and invasion resistance. While the strength of these formative interactions can be affected by the balance of inter- and intraspecific interactions among the resident species, it is unclear over what distances individuals typically interact in grasslands and whether or not species interactions at seeding can be effectively manipulated to improve these responses. 2. In a three-year study, we tested whether manipulating the size of seeded species patches affected above-ground biomass, diversity and invasion resistance in experimentally restored grassland plots (16 m2). Plots were divided into patches that were 1, 0.5, 0.25 or 0.125 m on a side, and the equivalent of 1 m2 in each plot was seeded with one of 16 grassland species (1728 seeds/m2). A final treatment involved mixing and broadcasting all seeds into an undivided plot to mimic typical restoration approaches. 3. Using successively smaller initial seed patches resulted in plots that were less diverse and initially more productive (~25% difference in second-year biomass production) than larger patch counterparts. Smaller patch plots also had a greater selection effect and experienced increases in resident species connectivity, suggesting that diversity declines and productivity gains resulted from the enhanced establishment and spread of more productive seeded species. 4. Plots seeded with larger patches of the resident species were initially more invaded than those seeded with smaller patches, but this effect diminished over time. This likely reflects the ability of the non-seeded species to more effectively colonize larger patches with poor seeded species establishment. 5. Mixed seeding plots were most similar to the smallest patch plots in their metrics of resident species spatial pattern, diversity and invasion resistance. However, these plots were initially less productive and had a weaker selection effect, which reflects a different compositional outcome, than the structured seeding plots. 6. Synthesis: Species interact over sub-metre scales in establishing tallgrass prairie and, once established, their patterns may change over time. Given these dynamics, structured seeding approaches may be used over traditional mixed seeding approaches to control species dominance and preserve seeded species diversity within grassland systems.
Data from: Understanding patch departure rules for large carnivores: lion movements support a patch-disturbance hypothesis
We test two hypotheses that could account for patch departure by large mammalian carnivores. One hypothesis is the unsuccessful hunt hypothesis, where carnivores leave an area after an unsuccessful hunt but continue hunting in the same area after a successful hunt. The second hypothesis is the patch disturbance hypothesis, where carnivores depart the area after a successful hunt because of behavioral responses of prey to predator presence. We used GPS-collars to monitor the movements of African lions (Panthera leo) and identified their kill sites to distinguish between these two hypotheses. Lions moved to a different area (>5 km) after 87 percent of the kills, which supports the patch disturbance hypothesis for patch departure behavior of large mammalian carnivores.
Data from: How do foragers decide when to leave a patch? A test of alternative models under natural and experimental conditions
1. A forager's optimal patch-departure time can be predicted by the prescient marginal value theorem (pMVT), which assumes they have perfect knowledge of the environment, or by approaches such as Bayesian-updating and learning rules, which avoid this assumption by allowing foragers to use recent experiences to inform their decisions. 2. In understanding and predicting broader scale ecological patterns, individual-level mechanisms, such as patch-departure decisions, need to be fully elucidated. Unfortunately, there are few empirical studies that compare the performance of patch-departure models that assume perfect knowledge with those that do not, resulting in a limited understanding of how foragers decide when to leave a patch. 3. We tested the patch-departure rules predicted by fixed-rule, pMVT, Bayesian-updating and learning models against one another, using patch residency times recorded from 54 chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) across two groups in natural (n = 6,594 patch visits) and field-experimental (n = 8,569) conditions. 4. We found greater support in the experiment for the model based on Bayesian-updating rules, but greater support for the model based on the pMVT in natural foraging conditions. This suggests that foragers may place more importance on recent experiences in predictable environments, like our experiment, where these experiences provide more reliable information about future opportunities.5. Furthermore, the effect of a single recent foraging experience on patch residency times was uniformly weak across both conditions. This suggests that foragers' perception of their environment may incorporate many previous experiences, thus approximating the perfect knowledge assumed by the pMVT. Foragers may, therefore, optimise their patch-departure decisions in line with the pMVT through the adoption of rules similar to those predicted by Bayesian-updating.
Data from: Experimental small-scale flower patches increase species density but not abundance of small urban bees
1. Large flower plantings are often used to combat negative effects of habitat loss on pollinators, but whether these floral additions are effective at smaller scales remains unclear, particularly in urban settings. 2. To test the effectiveness of small-scale floral additions on enhancing urban bee populations, as well as their impact from one year to the next, different quantities of potted sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima) flowers were placed across sites in Ann Arbor, Michigan for two consecutive years and the resulting Halictid bee visitors were monitored. 3. Overall we found the number of flowers added at the local level was significantly and positively correlated with small Halictid bee abundance and species density in an urban landscape. At smaller flower quantities dynamics were clearly linear, where incremental increases in number of flowers showed significant increases in bee abundance and species density. At larger quantities of floral additions, however, dynamics were nonlinear in that incremental increases in flower quantity had no effect on bee abundance and highly variable effects on bee species density. 4. When comparing the change in small Halictid bee abundance and species density from one year to the next, we found a significant increase in bee species density in the second year of small-scale floral additions, but no significant difference in bee abundance. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that small flower plantings can have positive effects on small bee communities in urban systems even over a short period of time, and therefore confirm that encouraging citizens to plant flowers can be an effective conservation strategy for certain urban pollinator populations. In addition, our finding that smaller flower plantings may have higher impacts on small pollinators than larger plantings suggests resource managers interested in pollinator conservation should consider spreading multiple, smaller floral plantings across the urban landscape, rather than pooling all resources into one large flower patch.29-Nov-2017
Data from: A cross-continental comparison of plant and beetle responses to retention of forest patches during timber harvest
Timber harvest can adversely affect forest biota. Recent research and application suggest that retention of mature forest elements ('retention forestry'), including unharvested patches (or 'aggregates') within larger harvested units, can benefit biodiversity compared to clearcutting. However, it is unclear whether these benefits can be generalized among the diverse taxa and biomes in which retention forestry is practiced. Lack of comparability in methods for sampling and analysing responses to timber harvest and edge creation presents a challenge to synthesis. We used a consistent methodology (similarly spaced plots or traps along transects) to investigate responses of vascular plants and ground-active beetles to aggregated retention at replicate sites in each of four temperate and boreal forest types on three continents: Douglas-fir forests in Washington, USA; aspen forests in Minnesota, USA; spruce forests in Sweden; and wet eucalypt forests in Tasmania, Australia. We assessed (i) differences in local (plot-scale) species richness and composition between mature (intact) and regenerating (previously harvested) forest; (ii) the lifeboating function of aggregates (capacity to retain species of unharvested forest); and whether intact forests and aggregates (iii) are susceptible to edge effects and (iv) influence the adjacent regenerating forest. Intact and harvested forests differed in composition but not richness of plants and beetles. The magnitude of this difference was generally similar among regions, but there was considerable heterogeneity of composition within and among replicate sites. Aggregates within harvest units were effective at lifeboating for both plant and beetle communities. Edge effects were uncommon even within the aggregates. In contrast, effects of forest influence on adjacent harvested areas were common and as strong for aggregates as for larger blocks of intact forest. Our results provide strong support for the widespread application of aggregated retention in boreal and temperate forests. The consistency of pattern in four very different regions of the world suggests that, for forest plants and beetles, responses to aggregated retention are likely to apply more widely. Our results suggest that through strategic placement of aggregates, it is possible to maintain the natural heterogeneity and biodiversity of mature forests managed for multiple objectives.
Data from: Energy benefits and emergent space use patterns of an empirically parameterized model of memory-based patch selection
Many species frequently return to previously visited foraging sites. This bias towards familiar areas suggests that remembering information from past experience is beneficial. Such a memory-based foraging strategy has also been hypothesized to give rise to restricted space use (i.e. a home range). Nonetheless, the benefits of empirically derived memory-based foraging tactics and the extent to which they give rise to restricted space use patterns are still relatively unknown. Using a combination of stochastic agent-based simulations and deterministic integro-difference equations, we developed an adaptive link (based on energy gains as a foraging currency) between memory-based patch selection and its resulting spatial distribution. We used a memory-based foraging model developed and parameterized with patch selection data of free-ranging bison Bison bison in Prince Albert National Park, Canada. Relative to random use of food patches, simulated foragers using both spatial and attribute memory are more efficient, particularly in landscapes with clumped resources. However, a certain amount of random patch use is necessary to avoid frequent returns to relatively poor-quality patches, or avoid being caught in a relatively poor quality area of the landscape. Notably, in landscapes with clumped resources, simulated foragers that kept a reference point of the quality of recently visited patches, and returned to previously visited patches when local patch quality was poorer than the reference point, experienced higher energy gains compared to random patch use. Furthermore, the model of memory-based foraging resulted in restricted space use in simulated landscapes and replicated the restricted space use observed in free-ranging bison reasonably well. Our work demonstrates the adaptive value of spatial and attribute memory in heterogeneous landscapes, and how home ranges can be a byproduct of non-omniscient foragers using past experience to minimize temporal variation in energy gains.
Patch-based image reconstruction for PET using prior-image derived dictionaries
<p>This collection contains figures and reconstructed images in .mat format associated with the manuscript tiled "<strong>Patch-based image reconstruction for PET using prior-image derived dictionaries</strong>" . The file, Data_Fig9-10.zip contains the reconstructed images associated with Fig 9 and 10 as a function of iteration for different methods. Data_Fig10-12.zip contains reconstructed images of the real data for different methods.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) found in the monospecific Halophila ovalis patches within an intertidal mixed-species seagrass bed on the coast of the Andaman Sea, Thailand
FIGURE 5. Daptonema setihyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 4081): A) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the ventral chord in the anterior region. B) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal chord in the anterior region. C) Amphid and epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the lateral chord in the head region. D) Spicule and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 4085): E) Eggs and sperm cells in the uterus. F) Flat vulval gland. D, computer-integrated composite of original photomicrographs. A–E, left side view; F, right side view. Bar scales: A, B, 20 µm; C, D, F, 10 µm; E, 50 µm. Abbreviations: asterisk (*)—epidermal cell showing transparent appearance, amp—amphid, da —dorsal apophysis of gubernaculum, e—egg, gub —gubernaculum, lp—lateral piece of gubernaculum, ph—pharynx, s —sperm cell, spic —spicule, u —uterus, v —vulva, vgl —flat vulval gland.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) found in the monospecific Halophila ovalis patches within an intertidal mixed-species seagrass bed on the coast of the Andaman Sea, Thailand
FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10µm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) found in the monospecific Halophila ovalis patches within an intertidal mixed-species seagrass bed on the coast of the Andaman Sea, Thailand
FIGURE 1. Location of the study site in the seagrass bed near Ban Pa Khlok, Phuket Province, Thailand. Asterisk, study site (8º 01' 20'' N, 98º 24' 40'' E).
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) found in the monospecific Halophila ovalis patches within an intertidal mixed-species seagrass bed on the coast of the Andaman Sea, Thailand
FIGURE 3. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (A–C, Holotype ZIHU 3811; D, additional specimen): A) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal and ventral chords in the head region. B) Amphid and epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the lateral chord in the anterior region. C) Distal portion of the spicule and lateral piece of the gubernaculum. D) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal, lateral and ventral chords in the pharyngeal region; transverse section, top is dorsal side. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817): E) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal and ventral chords in the anterior region. F) Uterus and postvulval sac in the vulval region. A–C, E, F, left side view; D, en face view. B, C, computer-integrated composite of original photomicrographs. Bar scales: A–D, 10 µm; E, F, 20 µm. Abbreviations: asterisk (*)—epidermal cell showing transparent appearance, amp—amphid, lp—lateral piece of gubernaculum, ph —pharynx, pvs —postvulval sac, spic—spicule, u —uterus, v—vulva.
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.